盐、干旱胁迫下水稻相关miRNA的鉴定及表达分析

为鉴定水稻盐和干旱胁迫下相关miRNA及其响应规律,以三叶一心水稻幼苗为材料,采用实时定量PCR的方法研究了盐(Na Cl)和干旱胁迫(PEG)0,3,6,12,24,48 h后10个miRNA及其靶基因的响应。结果表明,miRNA在盐和干旱胁迫下均存在时序性和组织特异性表达。盐胁迫处理下随处理时间的增加,miR156、miR164、miR167、miR169、miR171在根部的表达量呈上调趋势,miR159、miR160、miR319、miR398、miR1848在处理后3 h呈下调趋势,而后呈上调趋势;且在处理后3 h或6 h时所有miRNA均在地上部的表达量均最低。干旱胁迫处理后,根部miRNA随处理时间的增加基本表现为下降趋势;地上部随处理时间的延长,miR156、miR159、miR160、miR171的表达量呈先下降后维持在较低水平,而miR164、miR167、miR169、miR319、miR398、miR1848的表达量呈下调的趋势。miRNA靶基因的表达也存在明显的组织特异性和时序性,且仅少数miRNA与其靶基因的表达量呈负相关关系,证明miRNA通过调节其靶基因参与植物逆境响应及其调控网络的复杂性。     

12个辣椒microRNA的靶标预测及表达分析

为了探索12个辣椒microRNA的时空表达及胁迫响应。根据辣椒中已鉴定和注释的microRNA信息,进行靶标预测和时空表达分析。靶标除转录因子外,还有ABC transporter、WD40和锌指结构等。辣椒中miRNA表达具有组织特异性,并且miRNA在果实发育中也起作用。同时,对辣椒进行脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯、高温、低温、盐和辣椒疫病病原菌处理。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测12个miRNA在不同处理下的表达情况。结果发现micro RNA对胁迫有响应,对胁迫呈现出显著性表达差异,miR4414b受疫病胁迫上调表达,miR167在脱落酸胁迫下下调表达,miR396d经脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯和疫病诱导后,显著上调表达。miR156在高温和低温胁迫下下调,靶标转录因子SBP可能上调,适应胁迫反应。但miR156a经NaCl诱导后显著上调表达,可能导致靶标下调表达。miR171c经脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯和疫病处理显著下调,靶标GRAS基因可能上调抵抗胁迫,本研究对辣椒中miRNA的进一步研究提供帮助。     

毛白杨12种microRNAs的低温胁迫差异表达分析

为了探讨microRNAs (miRNAs)在杨树低温胁迫不同时间段的差异表达规律,初步鉴定参与杨树低温胁迫响应的miRNAs,以重要乡土树种毛白杨为材料,进行不同时间段(0、8、14、20 h)的低温胁迫(4℃)处理,分别提取小片段RNAs (<200 nt),利用实时定量PCR技术研究毛白杨在低温胁迫后12种miRNAs的差异表达规律。结果显示,miRNAs的表达在低温胁迫下有显著变化,且呈现动态反应。在低温胁迫下,大部分miRNAs的表达受到抑制。miR168a、miR169ac、miR394a-3p、miR530a的表达量在各个时间段显著下调。该研究初步表明,miRNAs在调控毛白杨对低温胁迫的反应中起着重要作用。     

耐盐相关miRNA在红树伴生植物海马齿中对高盐生境的响应

为研究miRNAs参与植物耐盐响应机制,本研究选择6种耐盐相关miRNAs,以红树伴生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)为研究对象,定量检测6种miRNAs在海马齿根、茎、叶、花等器官中的表达量。结果表明:所检测miRNAs在海马齿的根中均有较高的表达量,但miR167只在海马齿的根中表达。miR156、miR159、miR166和miR171等在海马齿的叶中表达量最高,但miR156和miR172在海马齿的茎中不表达;miR171在海马齿的茎和花中未见表达。这揭示了这几种耐盐相关miRNAs在海马齿不同组织中对高盐生境适应的不同响应。     

小金海棠缺铁胁迫相关miR394a的克隆与表达分析

为了研究铁高效植物小金海棠的miRNAs信息及在缺铁处理下miRNA的表达变化,以进一步了解小金海棠缺铁分子调控机制。以改良CTAB法提取的总RNA为模板,从小金海棠中分离得到miR394a。通过Real-time PCR检测miR394a的表达,并利用生物信息学方法预测了miR394a的靶基因及其功能。miR394a具有高度保守性,从小金海棠中分离的miR394a与其他物种的miR394a序列高度相似。缺铁胁迫后,小金海棠的miR394a在根及叶中都有表达,但表达模式有所不同,miR394a在根部响应较为迅速,缺铁处理1天时,即有上调表达;而在叶片的响应较晚,缺铁3天时有上调表达。miR394a的靶基因预测表明,miR394a主要调控转录因子及参与代谢途径的基因。结果表明,miR394a受缺铁胁迫所诱导,参与了小金海棠缺铁调控途径,在缺铁调控中起重要作用。     

半定量RT-PCR方法研究microRNA393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况

microRNAs是新近发现的一类具有重要功能的小分子RNA.研究表明,一些miRNAs与植物抗逆反应相关.本文使用半定量RT-PCR的方法,研究了miR393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况.结果发现,miR393在胁迫后的叶片和穗部表达上调.同时也发现,miR393在胁迫前后穗部的表达略高于其在叶片中的表达.实验结果也表明,半定量RT-PCR适用于分析miRNAs的表达.     

MicroRNA参与植物花发育调控的研究进展

摘 要：MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类20到24nt的非编码小RNA,通过与靶mRNA序列的互补配对产生特异性,抑制了mRNA的表达或使其降解,从而调控靶基因的表达。本文主要综述了三类调控开花时间的miRNA家族成员：miR172,miR159 / miR319和miR156。其中,miR156主要调控植物生长周期转变;miR172通过调控AP2类基因,控制开花时间和花器官的形成;miR159和miR319的过量表达均会引起一些花发育障碍,如花期延迟。此外,还介绍了其它一些与花发育相关的miRNA,并对miRNA在花形成和发育中的研究方向进行了展望。     

利用solexa测序技术发掘木薯microRNAs

为了发掘木薯中的microRNAs (miRNAs),了解其在木薯中的调控机制,本研究利用Solexa测序技术在木薯中发现了大量的miRNAs,并利用一种新的miRNA定量检测技术（Multiplexed RT法）对其进行实验验证。通过对构建的3个小RNA文库进行solexa测序与生物信息学分析,最终获得19个家族93个保守的miRNA和74个新的miRNA,实验验证了测序获得的83个miRNA。在Arg7块根中特异表达的有6个miRNA,分别为miR172d、miR396c、miR398a、miR398b、miR399e、miR399f,叶片中特异表达的有13个,须根中特异表达的有3个,这些miRNAs将为深入了解木薯块根发育和淀粉累积机理提供了一个新的视角。     

苹果炭疽病抗性miRNA的筛选

为筛选炭疽病菌侵染苹果属植物后相关miRNA的响应情况,以抗病品种‘八棱脆’海棠、感病品种‘嘎啦’苹果2个为试验材料,分别用胶胞炭疽孢子悬浮液侵染组培苗,4天后发病,提取植物总RNA并反转miRNA,用qRT-PCR分析2种植物中抗病相关miRNA相对表达量的差异,并对其靶基因进行预测。在抗性品种中miR390a和miR396b/c/f表达量下调,而在感病品种中表达量上调,且其靶基因均有LRR受体样丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白,miR482b靶基因为抗性蛋白。miR390a、miR482b和miR396b/c/f可能在苹果炭疽病的侵染过程中起重要作用。     

小麦miR164及其靶基因NAC的克隆与表达载体构建

miRNA对植物的生长发育及逆境适应起到重要的调控作用。为探究miR164基因的功能及其参与胁迫的响应机制,我们首先检测了小麦miR164及其靶基因NAC2D在受到内质网胁迫后表达水平的变化,并通过克隆miR164及NAC家族的几个基因(NAC6A,NAC2D,NAC8,NAC1),分别构建其表达载体。分析表明:miR164与NAC2D在受到内质网胁迫诱导剂二硫苏糖醇(DTT)处理后,miR164上调表达,NAC2D下调表达,而经内质网胁迫缓解剂熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)处理后,两基因表达水平变化呈现出相反的趋势,表明miR164可能参与小麦幼苗内质网胁迫响应的调控。进而我们对NAC家族的几个基因分别进行克隆,并成功构建了它们的植物表达载体,为进一步探索miR164的功能及其调控机制提供了重要基础。     

Identification and validation of cold responsive microRNAs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hevea brasiliensis</Emphasis> using high throughput sequencing

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic factors that influence the productivity and geographical distribution of many agriculturally important crops like Hevea brasiliensis. Cultivation of H. brasiliensis in India is being extended to northeastern regions, where low temperature during winter adversely affects its survival, growth, and productivity. Developing cold-tolerant genotypes is a primary requisite to maximize the productivity under such challenging environmental conditions. However, lack of methods for early evaluation of cold tolerance in the newly developed clones and the extensive time required for assessing their tolerance in the field are major constraints for clonal selection. The present study was initiated with an objective to identify and characterize cold stress responsive miRNAs from H. brasiliensis that show stronger association with cold tolerance. Next generation sequencing using Illumina HiSeq method revealed the expression of 21 and 29 conserved miRNA (from clone RRIM 600) families in cold-stressed and control samples, respectively. Forty-two novel miRNAs were identified from this study. Upon differential expression analysis, eight conserved miRNAs were found commonly expressed in both the samples. When expression analyses were performed subsequently with six selected miRNAs in two Hevea clones (viz. RRII 105 and RRIM 600), miR169 showed a strong association with cold tolerance. miRNAs such as miR482 and miR159 also exhibited association with cold tolerance. This study suggests the possibility of employing these miRNAs as markers for cold tolerance after validation in more number of genotypes with varying levels of cold tolerance.     

Chilling stress tolerance of two soya bean cultivars: Phenotypic and molecular responses

Chilling stress is a major factor limiting the yield of soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] on a global scale. However, the regulatory network that controls the chilling response of soya bean remains unclear. In the present study, phenotyping and quantitative analyses of miRNAs in soya bean under chilling stress were carried out to determine the impact of environmental constraints on soya bean productivity. Measurements done during soya bean growth in chilling along with the results of field trials indicated that the cultivars Augusta and Fiskeby V responded differently to low temperatures. Although chilling affected the reproductive development of both cultivars, the final seed output remained unchanged. The differential expression of miR169, miR319, miR397 and miR398 under cold stress was detected using ddPCR. Upon chilling in the reproductive stage, we found that these miRNAs had contrasting expression profiles in Augusta and Fiskeby V. A set of candidate target genes was predicted based on degradome sequencing data. A negative correlation was found between the expression of miR169, miR319 and miR398 and their targets in the roots of both cultivars. Our work elucidates the impact of chilling stress on the productivity of two soya bean cultivars and reveals the importance of miRNA involvement in the low temperature response.     

陆地棉种子发育过程中 microRNA 的挖掘与功能研 究简

 microRNAs (miRNAs)广泛参与调控植物的生长和发育,但这类分子是否对棉花胚珠和纤维的生长发育起到重要的作用,还有待验证。对这些小分子的认识,一般先要从序列信息的获得上开始。应用基因芯片对TM-1 +5 DPA （开花后5 d）胚珠总RNA进行了miRNA 的筛选研究。结果显示,含有352 个探针的芯片成功钓取到199 个陆地棉miRNA,其中绝大多数为首次报道。此外,对miR399 研究发现,它与纤维中磷的含量变化相关; miR169 可能与干旱应激反应有关。     

Genome‐Wide Identification of MicroRNAs Responsive to High Temperature in Rice (Oryza sativa) by High‐Throughput Deep Sequencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in plant growth and stress response. Heat stress is a severe abiotic stresses by adversely affecting plant growth and yield. To identify heat‐responsive miRNAs at the genome‐wide level in rice (Oryza sativa), we constructed two small RNA libraries from young panicles treated or not with heat conditions. Ion torrent sequencing of the two libraries identified 294 known miRNAs and 539 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that 26 miRNAs were downregulated and 21 miRNAs were upregulated in response to heat stress. Among them, five heat‐responsive miRNAs, including miR162b, miR529a‐p5, PC‐5P‐62245‐9, miR171b and miR169n, were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 44 target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. These target genes are most significantly overrepresented in the cell growth process. The results demonstrated that rice miRNAs play critical roles in the heat stress response. This study opens up a new avenue for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs involvement in the heat stress response in rice.