秸秆机械化还田的实践与思考

介绍了通州市秸秆机械化还田及综合利用的现状及秸秆机械化还田的方法,分析了影响秸秆机械化还田的因素,结合通州市秸秆机械化还田试验情况,提出进一步实施秸秆机械化还田的建议。     

对岐山县秸秆机械化还田的几点思考

通过对岐山县秸秆机械化还田现状进行调查,分析了制约秸秆还田的作用和效能,指出影响秸秆机械化还田的主要问题,提出相应措施。     

山西省政府办公厅专门发出通知——要求切实加强机械化秸秆直接还田工作

近十年来,山西省狠抓了机械化秸秆直接还田技术的示范推广工作,逐步拓宽了机械化直接还田的渠道,由单一的机械化秸秆直接粉碎还田方式逐步发展到机械化整秸秆耕翻还田、机械化秸秆覆盖还田、秸秆覆盖免耕播种等多种机械化秸秆直接还田方式,示范推广面积累计3100余万亩,累计推广还田机具5000余台。但是.就全省总体而言,秸秆利用率还很低,各地还不同程度地存在着焚烧秸秆的现象,严重地浪费了资源,污染了环境,影响了交通。为此,省政府办公厅向全省各地市县发出了《关于切实加强机械化秸秆直接还田的通知》,提出以下六项措施:     

浅析水稻秸秆机械化还田发展现状与对策

秸秆机械化还田是解决水稻秸秆综合利用不高和秸秆焚烧等现实问题的重要手段。本文以贵港市港南区为例,总结阐述了秸秆机械化还田的现状,分析了秸秆机械化还田存在的问题,提出相应的对策,推动水稻秸秆机械化还田的发展。     

机械化秸秆还田技术推广的现状与对策

通过沁县示范推广机械化秸秆还田技术的实践,总结出机械化秸秆还田具有节本增效的显著效果,指出了机械化秸秆还田的现状与存在的问题,提出了今后发展机械化秸秆还田的建议与对策。     

秸秆轻简高效还田技术研究

介绍了在苏州地区具有代表性的秸秆还田机具工作原理,结合苏州地区秸秆机械化还田实际,形成了麦秸秆机械化还田集成水稻机插秧技术和稻秸秆机械化还田集成水稻机播技术路线,为该地区秸秆轻简高效机械化还田及配套农艺技术研究提供了参考。     

汉川市农作物秸秆机械化还田技术推广的思考与建议

<正>农作物秸秆机械化还田技术及综合利用是现代农业生产的发展趋势,禁止农作物秸秆焚烧,充分利用好农作物秸秆资源是发展生态农业、环保农业、绿色农业的重要手段。汉川市农机局根据全市农田机械化作业的情况,围绕找准农作物秸秆机械化还田及综合利用最有效途径和办法,从2007年开始,在全市进行了水稻、小麦、油菜及棉花秸秆的机械化还田作业试验示范,起到了较好的效果。然而,农作物秸秆还田受到农村传统还田方式的影响,     

2011年润州区秸秆机械化还田工作实践与建议

2011年润州区被首次列为江苏省秸秆机械化还田示范县。全区水稻播种面积290 hm2,小麦播种面积56.27 hm2,油菜播种面积219.33 hm2,玉米大豆等其他农作物播种面积19.33 hm2。全年实际产生各种农作物秸秆总量5 200 t,秸秆机械化还田面积269.6 hm2,秸秆机械化全量还田数量2 100 t,水稻三麦秸秆机械化还田率达到77.8%,高出江苏省秸秆机械化还田示范县指标12.8百分点。秸秆多种     

浅析巢湖市秸杆机械化还田的问题与对策

阐述了农作物秸秆机械化还田的优点，总结了巢湖市秸秆机械化还田的现状，分析了存在的问题，提出今后发展秸秆机械化还田的对策。     

秸秆机械化还田存在的问题与对策

秸秆焚烧污染环境,浪费资源,易引发火灾,阻碍交通。秸秆机械化还田是彻底解决秸秆出路问题、杜绝焚烧现象的有效手段,它将田间的农作物秸秆直接粉碎后耕翻入土,使之腐烂分解,从而增加土壤有机质,增肥地力,改良土壤,节约资源,保护环境。常州市武进区推广应用秸秆机械化还田技术多年,取得了一定成效;同时,在实施秸秆机械化还田工作过程中也面临一些问题值得探讨和思考。1.武进区秸秆机械化还田现状 武进区目前耕地面积41khm^2。水稻种植面积12khm^2,单产653kg;小麦种植面积9.7khm^2,单产323kg。稻麦秸秆生产总量19.39万t。现拥有大中型拖拉机1115台、大中型秸秆还田机829台、秸秆打捆机26台、配置秸秆切碎装置收割机389台,机具装备已全部满足还田作业需求。2013年全区完成三麦秸秆机械化还田面积7.66khm^2,还田率为78％;完成水稻秸秆机械化还田面积3.41khm^2,还田率为28％。全年机械化还田秸秆7.9万t,占秸秆总量的41％。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。