饲粮中糙米替代玉米的比例对饲料制粒性能的影响

为考察糙米替代玉米对饲料制粒性能的影响,按糙米替代比例设计6种饲粮进行饲料制粒参数测定,6种饲粮分别为Ⅰ型(玉米100%)、Ⅱ型(玉米75% 糙米25%)、Ⅲ型(玉米50% 糙米50%)、Ⅳ型(玉米25% 糙米75%)、Ⅴ型(糙米100% 2%植物油)和Ⅵ型(糙米100% 3%植物油).结果表明,饲粮中添加一定比例的糙米来替代玉米,有利于改善饲料制粒性能,饲粮中随糙米添加比例的增加,制粒机的生产率与颗粒饲料的硬度显著提高,水稳定性明显增强,粉化率显著降低,但密度、体积质量无显著影响.适宜的替代比例为75%.     

饲用糙米型饲粮对猪鸡肉蛋品质的影响

通过对猪、鸡肉蛋品质的全面评定,比较饲用糙米型饲粮与普通玉米型饲粮间的差异,从饲料营养角度,评定不同饲料类型对肉、蛋品质的影响。结果证明：饲用糙米型饲粮对猪肉品质影响优于玉米型;玉米型饲粮仅在鸡肉、鸡蛋黄外观品质上优于糙米型。     

糙米对仔猪生长性能的影响试验报告

试验选用36头28日龄断奶长大二元杂交健康仔猪,按窝别和体重随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础日粮、糙米替代50%玉米日粮、糙米替代70%玉米日粮。结果表明:饲粮玉米50%、70%被糙米取代,断奶仔猪日增重分别提高了16.3%、19.7%(P0.01),饲料转化率降低4.7%、8.2%(P0.01)。说明用糙米取代日粮中部分玉米,可以改善仔猪的生长性能,在仔猪日粮中用糙米取代部分玉米是可行的。     

玉米胚芽粕和玉米蛋白饲料饲喂生长肥育猪效果的研究

以玉米胚芽粕和玉米蛋白饲料作为蛋白质补充饲料配制的饲粮对生长肥育猪的生产性能和屠宰性能的影响进行了探讨。将28头二元杂交去势公猪随机分为4组，每组7头，分别饲喂玉米胚芽粕和玉米蛋白饲料。经78d饲养试验，结果表明：饲粮中添加单一玉米胚芽粕和玉米蛋白（＜16％）饲料同普通饲料相比，公猪日增重、料肉比及眼肌面积、屠宰率均无显著变化（P＞0．05）。饲料中同时添加玉米胚芽粕和玉米蛋白饲料后，平均膘厚显著降低（P＜0．05）。用廉价的玉米胚芽粕和玉米蛋白饲料作为生长肥育猪饲粮中的蛋白质补充饲料是完全可行的。     

饲粮不同氮素来源对肉牛肥育效果的影响

在以干玉米秸为粗料和等代谢能条件下，研究了饲粮不同氮素来源对肉牛肥育效果的影响。饲料补饲源分别为：干玉米酒精糟加尿素、豆粕、鲜酒糟加尿素。６０ｄ的肥育试验结果表明 ：补充本来中尿素组牛只，试验期日增重高于ＳＢＭ；饲粮干物质转化率，能量化率及蛋效率比都显著高于其它各组。牛只屠宰测定及肉质评定结果饲粮无显著差异。     

新型稻谷型饲粮配方养猪研究报告

采用不同饲粮配方单因子试验设计，以４０头长大乐三元杂种猪为素材，在相同条件下，系统对猪的肥育、屠宰性能以及经济效益进行了研究。结果表明，在早稻谷与玉米价比合理前提下，用稻谷型饲粮养猪在技术、生产水平及饲料效率上都是可行的。同时，筛选出二种高产、优质、高效低耗的新型稻谷型饲粮配方Ⅲ、Ⅳ，可供养猪生产中推广应用。本文为合理利用当地饲料资源，促进早稻转化，推动低成本养猪提供了科学依据。     

浅谈粮饲兼用玉米在德州市经济发展中的潜力及开发前景

随着现代农业的发展，农业种植结构逐步由“粮—经”二元结构向“粮—经—饲”三元种植结构转变。玉米是“粮—经—饲”三元作物，被称为“饲料之王”。以德州市为例，玉米种植面积常年稳定在400万亩，98％的玉米品种属于普通粮食型玉米，而用作饲料的玉米已占到总产量的80％以上，但是饲料玉米种植面积却很小，品种结构也不合理。随着德州市由农业大市向畜牧强市的转变，饲料粮的缺口越来越大，如何在不减少玉米籽粒产量的基础上，增加畜牧养殖量，促进德州市的畜牧业发展？当务之急，只有大力发展粮饲兼用玉米。     

强饲法测定鹅饲料代谢能适宜条件的研究

以成年扬州鹅公鹅为试验对象,以玉米-豆粕型、玉米-豆粕-苜蓿粉型和玉米-豆粕一麸皮型3种不同类型的饲料为试验日粮,探讨不同强饲量和排泄物收集时间对鹅饲料代谢能测定值的影响。结果表明：强饲量和排泄物收集时间对代谢能测定值的影响因饲料类型不同而异。其中鹅对玉米-豆粕型和玉米-豆粕-麸皮型饲料的代谢能值随强饲量的增加而增大,而对玉米-豆粕-苜蓿粉型饲料的代谢能值随强饲量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。不论饲料类型如何,强饲80g与强饲100g测得的代谢能值无显著差异;随着排泄物收集时间的延长,测得的代谢能值逐渐减小。其中玉米一豆粕型和玉米-豆粕-麸皮型饲料,16h后各收集时段的代谢能值差异不显著;而玉米-豆粕-苜蓿粉型饲料的代谢能值在收集排泄物20h后转为稳定。综合试验过程中不同强饲量条件,结合鹅体重损失、氮平衡及强饲后生物学表现,采用强饲法测定鹅饲料代谢能时,强饲量以80～100g为宜,排泄物收集时间以20～24h为宜。     

生物纤维饲料饲喂生长肥育猪效果的研究

以生物纤维饲料作为蛋白质补充饲料配制的饲粮对不同生理阶段生长肥育猪的生产性能和屠宰性能的影响进行了探讨。将28头二元杂交去势公猪随机分为4组，每组7头，分别饲喂A、B、C、D4种饲粮。经78d饲养试验，结果表明：D组的日增重极显著低于A组、B组和C组（P＜0．01）。D组的屠宰率显著低于A组、B组和C组（P＜0．05）。但A组、B组和C组的平均膘厚显著高于D组（P＜0．05），瘦肉率和眼肌面积在各组间均未达到显著水平。在生长肥育猪的日粮中，用廉价的生物纤维饲料作为生长肥育猪饲粮中的蛋白质补充饲料是完全可行的。     

小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响

[目的]研究在小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响。[方法]以1日龄健康肉用雏鹅为材料,采用单因子随机化设计,分6组分别饲喂玉米型、小麦型饲粮及添加不同浓度木聚糖酶的小麦饲粮,测定血液中血糖和血清总蛋白的含量。[结果]小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶能够提高肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平,添加量为0.2%时效果最佳,高于玉米对照组水平;对血清蛋白浓度,0.2%添加组与小麦组和玉米组的差异均达到显著水平。[结论]在饲料中添加木聚糖可提高肉鹅的生产水平。     

Effects of conditioners (single-layer,double-layer and retention-conditioner) on the growth performance,meat quality and intestinal morphology of growing and finishing pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed conditioners(single-layer, double-layer and retentionconditioner) on the growth performance, meat quality and intestinal morphology of pigs throughout the growing to finishing phase. A total of 96 growing pigs((28.70±3.20) kg) were selected and randomized into three treatment groups with four replicates per group. Eight pigs were used per replicate for the 17-week feeding trial. The grower diet was given at 0 to 6 weeks and a finisher diet was given at 6 to 17 weeks. The treatments were as follows: SC diet(control; single-layer conditioning), DC diet(double-layer conditioning), and RC diet(retention-conditioning). Starch gelatinization was significantly higher(P0.05) in the RC treatment than in the SC treatment, however, there was no significant difference in the starch gelatinization between the DC group and the RC group. In the growing phase, the feed to gain index(F:G) was significantly lower(P0.05) in the RC group than in the SC and DC groups. Between growing and finishing, the F:G was the lowest(P0.05) in the SC group compared to the RC or DC group. Drip loss, a measurement of meat quality, was significantly lower(P0.05) in longissimus dorsi tissue collected from pigs fed the RC diet than in tissues collected from pigs fed the SC diet. The intestinal quality of the duodenum and jejunum tissues showed a significant increase(P0.05) in the crypt depth and villus height in the RC group compared to the SC-or DC-treated pigs. These results demonstrated that the retentionconditioner treatment decreased the F:G in growing pigs, improved intestinal morphology and enhanced the meat quality in the finishing pigs. However, the retention-conditioner treatment had a negative impact on growth performance in the finishing pigs.     

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

[目的]研究谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响.[方法]选用180只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只.阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组添加0.3 g／kg那西肽和0.25g/kg硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂,试验组分别添加0.1;、0.2;和0.3;谷氨酰胺.测定生产性能及胴体品质.[结果]与阴性对照组相比,抗生素组肉仔鸡死亡率和料重比显著降低(P＜0.05),其它指标均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).与抗生素组相比,谷氨酰胺组活体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均有不同程度的增加.各组料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05),不同水平谷氨酰胺比阴性对照组分别降低了11.40; (P＞0.05)、8.59; (P ＞0.05)、9.69; (P ＞0.05).肉仔鸡宰胴体品质有所改善,添加0.2;、0.3;谷氨酰胺腹脂率分别下降6.25;(P＞0.05)、6.73; (P ＞0.05).[结论]添加不同水平的谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素后均具有提高肉仔鸡生产性能和改善胴体品质的趋势,综合生产性能和胴体品质来看,0.3;谷氨酰胺的替代效果较佳.     

中草药添加剂饲喂猪肉中CPK,GPI活性和肉质关系的研究

 对添加中草药和常规抗生素试验猪的背最长肌进行相关酶测定,发现磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK）,磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（GPI）的活性,试验组明显高于对照组,分别提高了30.54%和20.04%（P＜0.05）.屠宰及肉质试验表明,试验组的瘦肉率及眼肌面积分别比对照组提高5.79%和8.48%（P＜0.05）,而脂肪率、膘厚、失水率和贮存损失则分别下降31.40%,28.21%,50.03%和20.35%（P＜0.05）.     

"十全大补"药渣对肥育猪生长、胴体特性和肉质的影响

研究在基础日粮中添加不同剂量"十全大补"药渣对肥育猪生长性能、胴体特性和肉质的影响.与对照组比较,肥育猪日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的中草药渣日增重分别增加7.40%(P＜0.05)、12.88%(P＜0.05)和9.75%(P＜0.05),料重比分别降低5.20%(P＜0.05)、7.23%(P＜0.05)和6.07%(P＜0.05);瘦肉率分别提高3.86%(P＞0.05)、6.27%(P＜0.05)和5.80%(P＜0.05),脂肪率分别降低6.42%(P＜0.05)、9.63%(P＜0.05)和9.30%(P＜0.05),背膘厚分别降低7.20%(P＜0.05)、13.26%(P＜0.05)和12.12%(P＜0.05),眼肌面积分别提高4.46%(P＞0.05)、9.24%(P＜0.05)和6.30%(P＜0.05);肌肉红色色度分别提高2.75%(P＞0.05)、6.67%(P＜0.05)和3.92%(P＞0.05),滴水损失率分别降低9.32%(P＜0.05)、12.42%(P＜0.05)和8.07%(P＜0.05);粗脂肪含量分别提高20.80%(P＜0.05)、28.47%(P＜0.01)和25.55%(P＜0.01).结果表明"十全大补"药渣可作为肥育猪饲料添加剂,具有改善其生长、胴体特性和肉质的效果.     

汉普夏与长撒猪生产性能和肉质差异比较

挑选20 kg左右的汉普夏阉公猪和长撒阉公猪各10头,在相同日粮和相同环境条件下饲喂,当体重分别达到100 kg时屠宰,现场分割胴体,测胴体品质和肉质性状以及化学组成,以比较不同品种猪肉质差异。结果表明2个品种猪平均日增重差异不显著。汉普夏猪瘦肉率和眼肌面积均极显著高于长撒猪(P<0.01),滴水损失和失水率显著高于长撒猪(P<0.05),而背膘厚、熟肉率、b值和CP极显著低于长撒猪(P<0.01),猪肉DM、剪切力和pH2值显著低于长撒猪(P<0.05)。结果说明汉普夏猪和长撒猪肉质差异显著。     

低蛋白日粮添加酪氨酸对育肥猪生长性能和氮代谢的影响

试验选取30头平均体重为(60±0.20)kg杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,随机分为3个日粮处理:正常蛋白日粮(对照组,14.52%蛋白),低蛋白日粮添加0.49%丙氨酸(负对照组,12.52%蛋白),低蛋白日粮添加1.0%酪氨酸(试验组,12.52%蛋白)。每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期为6周。试验结果表明,①饲喂低蛋白日粮对育肥猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,负对照组和试验组摄入氮均显著降低(P<0.05),尿氮排放量和总氮排放量均显著下降(P<0.05),粪氮排放量无显著差异(P>0.05),但在低蛋白日粮中添加酪氨酸可显著提高蛋白质表观生物学价值和净蛋白利用率(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,负对照组和试验组血清尿素氮含量均显著下降(P<0.05),其余血液生化指标各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。④与对照组相比,降低日粮蛋白水平对育肥猪胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚、胴体直长和胴体斜长均无显著影响(P>0.05)。⑤饲喂低蛋白日粮对育肥猪背肌pH45min、pH24h、蒸煮损失和滴水损失与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),但低蛋白日粮中添加酪氨酸可显著提高肉色红度值(P<0.05)。⑥与对照组相比,饲喂低蛋白日粮对育肥猪血浆激素水平无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲喂低蛋白日粮不影响育肥猪生长性能并减少氮排放,补充酪氨酸可提高育肥猪表观生物学价值和净蛋白利用率并改善肉色。试验填补酪氨酸在低蛋白日粮中研究空白,为相关研究提供新思路。     

Effect of substitution of brown rice for maize on the growth performance of broiler

选择同来源出壳1日龄的爱拔益加肉用雏鸡440只,随机分为4组,每组110只。1组为玉米日粮(无糙米),2、3、4组依次以糙米取代日粮中玉米50%、70%、100%。采用对比饲养试验,试验期45d。试验结果1、2、3和4组鸡试验期末平均体重分别为1.980、2.067、2.206和2.325kg;日增重依次为42.7、44.7、47.8和50.4g;与对照1组比较,2、3和4组日增重依次提高4.7%、11.9%和18.0%;料肉比依次下降0.5%、2.9%和7.1%;每千克增重耗料成本依次下降0.04元、0.13元和0.31元。试验结果表明,随日粮中糙米代用量的增加,试验鸡增重加快,料肉比和增重成本下降。说明糙米作为肉鸡的能量饲料是可行的。     

Effects of Dietary Net Energy Density and Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine: Net Energy Ratio on the Performance and Carcass Characteristic of Growing Finishing Pigs Fed Low Crude Protein Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids Diets

Two 3x3 factorial design trials with 1 080 of Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc barrows were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary net energy (NE) density and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine:NE ratio on the performance of growingfinishing pigs and carcass characteristic of finishing pigs fed low crude protein (CP) supplemented with crystalline amino acids (CAA) diets. Low CP corn-soybean meal basal diets (14% for Exp. 1 and 11% for Exp. 2) supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan were formulated. Nine treatments with increasing NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were used in each trial (Exp. 1: 9.66, 9.87, and 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.89, 0.96, and 1.03 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE; Exp. 2: 9.83, 10.04, and 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE, 0.69, 0.76, and 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE). In Exp. 1, we observed that the average daily gain (ADG) for barrows that received the diet containing 9.87 MJ kg-1 NE was significantly higher than that of barrows fed a 9.66 MJ kg-1 NE diet (P＜0.05), but no difference was observed when compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.08 MJ kg-1 NE (P＞0.05). The ADG was affected both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) as the SID lysine:NE ratio increased. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) (P＞0.05). The feed to gain ratio (F:G) decreased (linearly,P＜0.05;quadratically, P＜0.05) as the NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio increased, but no interaction of NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio on the F:G. In Exp. 2, the dietary NE density both linearly (P＜0.05) and quadratically (P＜0.05) affected the ADGand F:G. Barrows that received a diet containing 10.04 MJ kg-1 NE had a greater ADG (P＜0.05) than barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet, but there was no difference (P＞0.05) as compared with barrows that received a diet containing 10.25 MJ kg-1 NE. F:G was significantly higher (P＜0.05) for barrows that received a 9.83 MJ kg-1 diet when compared with barrows that received the other two diets. The ADG was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) for pigs that received a diet containing 0.69 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio when compared with pigs fed a diet containing 0.76 or 0.83 g MJ-1 SID lysine:NE ratio. The NE density or SID lysine:NE ratio and their interaction had no effect on the average daily feed intake, SUN, and carcass characteristic for finishing barrows (P＞0.05). The overall results of the two experiments indicated that barrows that received the diet with the dietary CP level reduced 4 percentage units compared the NRC (1998) recommendations.Maximized the best performance with NE density and SID lysine:NE ratio were 9.87 MJ kg-1, 1.03 g MJ-1 NE for 20-50 kg pigs, and 10.04 MJ kg-1, 0.76 g MJ-1 NE for 60-100 kg pigs, respectively.