山羊胎儿脊神经节发育过程中NGF及其受体TrKA的表达

山羊胎儿脊神经节于胚胎第6周就已形成,但此时节内神经元形态不清晰,至第8周,节内神经元形态逐渐清晰,节内神经纤维数量少;随着胚胎发育,节内神经元数量并不显著增加,而是节细胞之间神经纤维及胶质细胞的增多和神经元个体的增长,从而使神经节的体积逐渐增大。节内神经元既可分为形态和着色不同的明暗2类,也可分为细胞直径不同的大、中、小3类。山羊胎儿脊神经节内存在NGF及其受体TrKA,随着胚胎发育,NGF主要分布于节内各类神经元的胞质中,特别是在第14周后;TrKA阳性反应则在第10周后才出现,主要分布于中、小神经元的胞质和胞核,而在大神经元未能见到阳性反应,但在大神经元周围的卫星细胞可观察到TrKA强阳性反应产物。结果提示,NGF对外周神经嵴起源的发育中感觉神经元的生理功能具有重要的调节作用,并与卫星细胞的生长发育和成熟有关。     

山羊胎儿脑室脉络丛发育中NGF及其受体TrKA的表达

运用常规组织学技术和免疫组织化学SP法对山羊胎儿脑室脉络丛的组织发生及发育过程中神经生长因子(nerve growth factor，NGF)和其受体TrKA的表达进行了详细观察，结果显示：山羊胎儿脑室脉络丛最初是由脑泡上皮凸出形成简单的褶、而后形成复杂的分支，上皮由假复层柱状向单层柱状过渡、最后变为单层立方上皮，上皮细胞形态由柱状变为立方、个体逐渐变小，在发育各时期上皮顶端均可见到嗜酸性的刷状缘。在各发育阶段的脑室脉络丛上皮存在．NGF及其受体TrKA的规律性表达，反应产物的亚细胞定位略有不同，NGF主要定位于胞核、尤以核膜着色更甚，TrKA则主要定位于核膜。脉络丛上皮内源性NGF的功能可能涉及两方面，一是对脑室脉络丛上皮细胞的发育成熟起营养作用；另一方面分泌产物可进入脑脊液并通过脑脊液循环对脑的发育发挥调节作用。     

表皮生长因子及其受体在山羊胎儿皮肤发育中的表达特征

运用组织学和免疫组化方法对山羊皮肤发育的组织学特点、山羊皮肤发育过程中表皮生长因子(EGF)及其受体(EGFR)的分布及变化规律进行了系统研究.结果显示:(1)表皮结构形成于胎儿发育的6周龄左右,开始为单层上皮,而后逐渐增殖为复层、厚度不断增加,15周龄后逐渐变薄;真皮层在10周龄时形成,11周龄后陆续有皮肤衍生结构从中发育形成.随着胚胎的继续发育,皮肤各部分结构的发育渐趋完善.(2)在胎儿发育的第6周就出现EGF与EGFR的较弱表达,以后随着胎龄的增加,EGF与EGFR表达量逐渐增加.从表达分布看,在胎儿发育的11周前,EGF阳性反应主要定位于表皮基底层细胞、毛囊上皮细胞和真皮成纤维细胞等的胞质内,EGFR则主要位于相应细胞的膜上;11-16周,EGF和EGFR表达量逐渐增高,分布范围从表皮的基底层细胞、棘细胞、毛囊上皮细胞和成纤维细胞扩展到血管内皮细胞、汗腺上皮细胞和竖毛肌,EGF主要定位于这些细胞的胞质,EG-FR则主要分布于细胞膜;17周至出生,随着表皮的明显变薄,EGF及EGFR主要分布于表皮基底层细胞和毛囊上皮细胞,阳性反应继续增强.皮肤发育期间,EGF及EGFR的表达量总体呈增长趋势,只是EGFR的表达相对滞后,两者的表达曲线一致、相关性极显著.表明EGF及EGFR在皮肤及其衍生结构的发育中发挥着重要作用.     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠垂体ER和NGF蛋白表达的影响

探讨植物雌激素大豆异黄酮对大鼠垂体雌激素受体(ER)、神经生长因子(NGF)表达的影响。运用超敏感的免疫组织化学SP法,以青年雌性SD大鼠垂体为研究对象,通过补充不同剂量的大豆异黄酮,观察其对ER、NGF在垂体中的表达和分布变化的影响。结果显示,ER、NGF免疫阳性反应物在垂体中广泛分布。ER主要分布于中间垂体、腺垂体和神经垂体;NGF主要分布于中间垂体和腺垂体。ER免疫阳性反应物主要定位在细胞核和核膜,NGF免疫阳性反应物主要定位在细胞核,但在部分区域可见胞膜和胞浆中有阳性产物表达。去卵巢大鼠垂体中ER、NGF的表达强度及阳性细胞数量的总趋势是显著降低,而补充不同剂量的大豆异黄酮6周后,两种阳性产物的表达强度和阳性细胞数目随着补充剂量的增加而有较显著回升。表明大豆异黄酮可促进ER和NGF的表达,在维持和保护垂体的功能中发挥了一定作用;另外ER、NGF表达变化的相似性提示二者在大豆异黄酮对垂体的作用中是相互调节和影响的。     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠小脑ER、ChAT、NGF表达的影响

本研究旨在探讨雌激素对大鼠小脑内雌激素受体（ER）、神经生长因子（NGF）和胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）表达的影响。建立去卵巢SD大鼠模型,以小脑为研究对象,运用免疫组织化学SP法,通过补充17β-雌二醇对ER、NGF和ChAT在小脑中的表达和分布变化进行研究。结果表明：ER、NGF和ChAT免疫阳性反应物在小脑皮质主要分布于蒲肯野氏细胞,而在小脑核中主要定位于小脑顶核、间位核和齿状核;ER阳性产物主要定位于细胞质和突起中,也存在于胞膜和胞核中。去卵巢大鼠小脑中3种阳性物质的表达强度及阳性细胞数量总体呈显著降低趋势,在补充17β-雌二醇后,3种阳性物质的表达强度和阳性细胞数目显著回升。本试验证实雌激素可促进小脑中NGF和ChAT的表达;另外ER、NGF和ChAT表达变化的相似性提示三者在雌激素对小脑的作用中是相互调节和影响的,同时表明雌激素可能既通过基因组机制,也通过非基因组机制途径在小脑发挥作用。     

出生前山羊颈段脊髓运动神经元的发育

应用HE染色和超薄切片技术研究第6周到出生前山羊脊髓腹角运动神经元胞体的发育变化。结果表明：1．出生前山羊脊髓腹角运动神经细胞发育包括未分化期、不成熟期、发育成熟期和成熟期4个阶段。2．发育过程中，山羊脊髓运动神经元细胞核的体积持续增长；常染色质增加，异染色质减少且趋边分布；核仁数量减少，中央核仁在第8周形成，以后逐渐发育成熟；核膜渐趋成熟。3．山羊脊髓运动神经元胞体内膜系统的发育变化的规律与神经元的发育阶段相适应。     

ERα免疫反应产物在山羊卵巢中的分布

为了研究不同生殖周期山羊卵巢中雌激素受体α（estrogen receptor α，ERα）的表达，本试验应用高灵敏度的免疫组织化学SP法检测了ERα免疫反应产物在不同生殖周期山羊卵巢中的分布。结果显示，ERα免疫反应产物主要存在于成熟卵泡的颗粒细胞、发情期和妊娠期生长卵泡的部分颗粒细胞、原始卵泡卵母细胞胞质、粒黄体细胞胞质及膜黄体细胞胞核、卵泡膜细胞和类固醇细胞胞质；间情期生长卵泡的颗粒细胞中的ERα免疫反应产物较少，主要存在于细胞膜上；卵母细胞中ERα免疫反应产物在初级卵泡阶段含量较少，从次级卵泡开始其含量很丰富。以上结果提示，ERα以激活不同信号途径的方式参与了对卵泡生长、排卵及妊娠维持的调控，这为研究雌激素及雌激素受体α在卵巢中的作用及其生殖调控机理提供了形态学资料。     

秋水仙碱化学去核对山羊卵丘细胞核移植胚胎体外发育的影响

研究旨在探讨秋水仙碱化学去核在山羊卵母细胞去核中的应用及其对卵丘细胞核移植胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明:用秋水仙碱处理山羊体外成熟19h的卵母细胞,可使其核区形成胞质突起,以此为指示进行显微操作去核率可达100%,且用0.8μg/mL秋水仙碱处理30min的山羊卵母细胞突起率可达91.27%,显著高于对照组及0.4μg/mL处理组(P<0.05),与1.6μg/mL处理组的突起率差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过比较盲吸去核法与秋水仙碱化学去核法构建的山羊卵丘细胞核移植胚胎的体外发育能力发现,秋水仙碱化学去核法构建的重构胚体外发育能力较高,桑椹胚发育率显著高于盲吸去核法(P<0.05)。     

黄体生成素和褪黑素受体在不同日龄雏鸵鸟睾丸内的分布研究

采用免疫组织化学SABC法对1 d、30 d和90 d雏鸵鸟睾丸内黄体生成素(1uteinizing hormone,LH)和褪黑素受体(melatonin receptor,MR)的分布进行定位,结果显示:LH阳性细胞胞质或胞膜出现棕黄色,胞核无阳性反应;MR阳性反应颗粒呈棕褐色或棕黄色,位于胞质、胞膜或胞核,呈散在...     

IFN-γ在大鼠腰骶髓段脊髓内的分布

为进一步探讨免疫－神经－内分泌三大系统之间的关系，用免疫组织化学SP法，对大鼠腰骶髓段脊髓内IFN－γ样免疫反应产物的分布进行了研究。结果表明，IFN－γ样免疫反应产物广泛分布于腰骶髓段脊髓各板层，其中背角I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ层，中间带骶髓副交感运动核、后连合核，腹角Ⅸ层内可见到较高密度的阳性胞体和树突。中间带和腹角内的阳性胞体的树突还伸向外侧索和腹索，有时可达脊髓边缘。本试验证明了IFN－γ在腰骶髓段脊髓内的分布，从而在细胞水平为“免疫神经内分泌网络”学说提供了形态学依据。     

Microtubule associated protein 2 and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of young adult and aged dogs

German Shepherds are a good model for research about aging and neurological disorders such as lumbosacral spinal canal stenosis. We compared neurons, glia and cholinergic neurons in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord (L₃) between adult (1–2 years old) and aged (10–12 years old) groups. Any pathological findings were not found by hematoxylin and eosin staining and neurological examination, and the number of NeuN (a marker for neurons)-positive neurons were similar in both groups. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactive dendrites in the aged dog were decreased without any change in β-tubulin protein level. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (a marker for astrocytes) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (a marker for microglia) immunoreactivity were not significantly changed in both groups. The number of ChAT immunoreactive neurons was decreased; however, its protein level was not significantly changed in the aged group. These results suggest that numbers of ventral horn neurons are not changed, but cholinergic neurons may change in aged dogs compared to adult dogs.     

Comparison of localization of the neurokinin 1 receptor with AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the rat spinal cord

With the cloning of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isaxole propionic acid (AMPA)-type receptor subunits, it is now possible to localize these receptor subunits in the spinal cord. Comparison of the neurokinin 1 receptor distribution with that of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1-4), considered to be AMPA-type, was investigated in rat spinal cord by immunocytochemical methods. Different patterns of immunolabelling were observed with the antibodies to the GluR1, GluR2/3 and GluR4 subunits in the lumbar spinal cord. Immunolabelling with antibodies to both GluR1 and GluR2/3 revealed intensive staining in the dorsal horn, while staining for GluR2/3 and GluR4 was dense in the motor neurons of the ventral horn. These results suggest that in the rat spinal cord AMPA-type receptors vary their composition according to the region where they are expressed. Neurokinin-1-receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn do not appear to express the GluR4 subunit, however, whether they express the GluR1, GluR2/3 receptors subunits could not be determined.     

恒河猴脊髓一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布

本文采用NADPH-d酶组织化学的方法，对成年恒河猴脊髓各段内一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性进行观察。结果显示恒河猴脊髓NOS阳性神经元主要分布在中间部外侧核、中央管周围灰质、后角的Ⅲ和Ⅳ层。前角也有NOS阳性神经元分布。各部位NOS阳性神经元着色深度有所差异。NOS阳性神经纤维主要分布在后角浅层和中间带。恒河猴脊髓阳性神经元及阳性纤维的分布与人类及其它实验动物相似。     

Laterality of spinocerebellar neurons in the chicken spinal cord

The aim in this study is to elucidate the laterality of chicken spinocerebellar (SC) neurons that originate from the caudal cervical to caudal lumbosacral spinal cord. SC neurons in the spinal segment (SS) 17-20 consisted of a mixture of crossed and uncrossed axons. SC neurons in the more cranial and caudal SS than SS 17-20 (transitional zone) were generally uncrossed and crossed, respectively. In the transitional zone, SC neurons in spinal border cells and ventral border cells of the ventral horn changed dramatically from an uncrossed to a crossed type between SS 17 and SS 18. Chicken SC neurons are markedly different in laterality from mammalian SC neurons.     

Immunohistochemical detection of porcine teschovirus antigen in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from pigs experimentally infected with porcine teschovirus

Porcine teschovirus (PTV) antigens were detected by a streptavidin-biotin complex method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 3-week-old pigs that had been inoculated intravenously with PTV Talfan strain. PTV antigens were detected in cytoplasm of nerve cells, glial cells and endothelial cells in the cerebellar nuclei, the grey matter of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata and the ventral horn of the spinal cord and of ganglion cells in the spinal ganglion corresponding to those lesions characterized as non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and ganglionitis. The results of this study suggest that nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord and ganglion cells of the spinal ganglion permit PTV replication and represent the main target cell population of PTV. This is the first study to demonstrate PTV antigen by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from pigs infected with PTV.     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

Mitochondrial inclusion bodies (intracytoplasmic acidophilic droplets) in neurons of chicken spinal cords increase with age

We studied the pathologic features of neurons that contain intracytoplasmic acidophilic droplets (IADs) in chicken spinal cords. The IADs were lustrous spheroid bodies scattered in the cytoplasm of neurons, variable in size, and protein-rich bodies stained eosinophilic with hematoxylin-eosin, acidophilic with Azan, blue indigo with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, and yellow-green with Elastica van Gieson stain histopathologically. Ultrastructurally, almost all IADs were observed as homogeneous highly electron-dense spheroid bodies enclosed by double-limited membranes. Small IADs were observed in mitochondria. Anatomically, IAD-CNs were observed only in the ventral horn of the spinal cord between the fourth sacral and third lumbal vertebrae, and they were particularly frequent in the third sacral vertebrae. Their appearance and accumulative amount were likely to increase with age, while the clinical and pathologic significances of IAD-CNs remain unclear.     

猪颈前神经节脊髓颈部和胃内Leptin长形受体mRNA的分布定位

用原位杂交法研究了10头长白猪(n=5)和梅山猪(n=5)颈前神经节、脊髓颈部和胃内Ob—Rb mRNA的分布定位。实验结果表明，Ob—Rb mRNA标记神经元位于长白猪和梅山猪颈前神经节、脊髓颈部和胃内。在颈前神经节，Ob—Rb mRNA标记神经元散在分布，胞体呈圆形或卵圆形。在脊髓颈部，Ob—Rb mRNA标记神经元分布于背侧角和腹侧角，以背侧角分布密集。在胃内，Ob—Rb mRNA标记细胞分布于黏膜层和黏膜下层。长白猪和梅山猪上述结构内Ob—Rb mRNA的分布定位无明显差异。