不同激活方法对猪体外成熟卵母细胞孤雌发育的影响

通过系统探讨不同孤雌激活方法对猪卵母细胞体外激活后发育效果的影响,比较了乙醇（Ethanol,EH）、离子霉素（Ionomycin,Ion：5μmol/L）、氯化锶（Strontium chloride hexahydrate,Sr^2＋：10 mmol/L）、6-二甲氨基嘌呤（6-dimethylaminopurine,6-DMAP：2 mmol/L）和放线菌酮（cycloheximide,CHX：10 mg/L）对猪卵母细胞激活发育的效果。结果表明：（1）9%EH激活处理10 min效果好于15 min;（2）使用9%EH激活处理10 min,再结合CHX、6-DMAP、Sr^2＋、CHX＋Sr^2＋、Sr^2＋＋6-DMAP、CHX＋6-DMAP或CHX＋6-DMAP＋Sr^2＋组处理3～4 h,以EH＋6-DMAP组效果最好,分裂率及囊胚率分别达到82.86%和22.86%;（3）在使用化学激活（Ion＋6-DMAP组和9%乙醇10 min＋6-DMAP组）和电激活（50 V/mm,50μs,2t）的方法中,Ion法激活猪卵母细胞效果较好,囊胚率达到37.50%;（4）卵母细胞包被的卵丘细胞层数不同对卵母细胞成熟激活有显著的影响,卵丘细胞层数4～6层和多于6层的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体孤雌激活的分裂率和囊胚率分别为（68.99%,32.56%）和（75.36%,37.68%）,2组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;但其显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,这2组细胞在猪孤雌激活发育研究中是最佳的实验研究材料。     

不同化学激活剂对小鼠卵母细胞的激活效果

为探讨不同激活剂的卵母细胞孤雌激活效果及激活胚体外发育情况,用乙醇、CaA23187、SrCl2、6-DMAP及CB分别对小鼠卵母细胞进行了激活处理.结果显示,70 mL/L乙醇刺激小鼠卵母细胞时,以激活5～7 min的激活效果及孤雌胚发育较好,桑囊胚发育率可达29.11%;用SrCl2激活小鼠卵母细胞时,6～10 mmol/L为最佳处理浓度,3～6 h为最佳激活时间,桑囊胚发育率可达16.67%;以70 mL/L乙醇激活5 min,再用2 mmol/L 6-DMAP＋5 μg/mL CB激活3 h效果最佳,桑囊胚发育率高达35.77%.研究证实,小鼠卵母细胞经乙醇、6-DMAP和CB等复合激活后能较好地发育.     

不同激活方法对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌发育及二倍体形成的影响

卵母细胞的孤雌激活是研究哺乳动物受精机制和发育机理的有效方法,也是细胞核移植、显微注射受精技术、孤雌胚胎干细胞等研究内容中的重要环节。本试验分别用乙醇、SrCl2、钙离子载体A23187对小鼠卵母细胞进行单独孤雌激活,并分别与6-DMAP联合运用,对小鼠卵母细胞进行联合孤雌激活。结果显示：（1）不同激活剂单独或联合激活,对卵母细胞的激活率有显著影响（P〈0.05）,SrCl2组的激活率最高（92%～94%）;（2）相同激活剂对卵母细胞孤雌囊胚的发育率在单独激活组（SrCl2组,18%）和联合激活组（SrCl2＋6-DMA组,53%）中存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;（3）相同激活剂对卵母细胞二倍体率在单独激活组（钙离子载体A23187组,21%）和联合激活组（钙离子载体A23187＋6-DMA组,77%）中均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。结果表明：（1）SrCl2可以对小鼠卵母细胞进行有效的孤雌激活;（2）联合激活法可以显著提高孤雌卵母细胞的囊胚发育率;3、6-DMAP可以抑制第二极体排出,显著提高孤雌激活卵母细胞的二倍体率。     

SrCl2激活大鼠卵母细胞的效果观察

以Wistar大鼠为动物模型，进行了SrCl2激活卵母细胞的效果观察。结果表明：SrCl2能够激活Wistar大鼠卵母细胞。10mmol／L的SrCl2激活4h，卵母细胞的激活率可以达到89．62％，说明SrCl2对大鼠卵母细胞的激活效果明显。     

绵羊卵母细胞的孤雌激活

本文探讨了不同激活方法对绵羊卵母细胞的孤雌激活和其后的发育。结果表明 ,电激活可以激活绵羊卵母细胞孤雌发育到囊胚 ;Ca2 + 载体A2 3187和CHX组合 ,Ionomycin和 6 DMAP组合可以激活绵羊卵母细胞 ,其卵裂率与电激活相比差异显著。 7%乙醇激活绵羊卵母细胞 7min效果较好。不同场强、不同脉冲次数对绵羊卵母细胞激活都有影响 ,以 1.2kV/cm ,间隔 30 μs和 3次脉冲效果较好。而电激活与化学激活联合可以更好的激活绵羊卵母细胞     

大鼠卵母细胞孤雌激活方法的研究

本试验以Wistar大鼠为动物模型,研究了单独应用乙醇、电刺激、 6-DMAP以及乙醇/6 DMAP、 电刺激/6-DMAP 对大鼠卵母细胞激活的影响。结果表明,单独应用电刺激、乙醇、6-DMAP均能激活大鼠卵母细胞,但激活率较低,卵母细胞的发育不能超过2-细胞阶段。单独应用电刺激时,相同的场强条件下,电刺激2次的激活效果明显优于电刺激1次的激活效果,并且电刺激场强在100 V/mm时卵母细胞的激活率最高。乙醇或电刺激联合6-DMAP激活大鼠卵母细胞,激活率和后期囊胚发育率都明显优于单独使用1种激活方法激活的效果。     

小鼠卵母细胞化学去核及手工构建核移植胚胎

为优化脱羰秋水仙碱（DC）诱导去核程序,研究以DC去核卵母细胞为核受体的、无透明带体细胞核移植方法在小鼠体细胞核移植中的应用,试验比较了乙醇、SrCl2两种激活方法及脱羰秋水仙碱处理开始时间对小鼠MⅡ期卵母细胞去核效率的影响;将DC诱导去核成功的卵母细胞去除透明带,与胎儿成纤维细胞粘合、电融合和SrCl2激活后,体外培养重构胚。结果显示,7%乙醇激活后0 min起始DC处理可得到最高的诱导去核率（66.4%）;而在8 mmol/L SrCl2中激活15 min后用DC处理可得到最高的诱导去核率（64.3%）;目前重构胚可以体外发育到8-细胞。试验结果首次证明了SrCl2在小鼠卵母细胞DC诱导去核中的作用效果与乙醇相当,初步证明了将DC诱导去核技术与无透明带技术相结合手工克隆生产小鼠重构胚的可能性,它的成功将大大简化核移植程序。     

放线菌酮处理对猪孤雌激活及体细胞核移植胚胎发育的影响

为研究放线菌酮(CHX)在猪卵母细胞孤雌激活和体细胞核移植中的作用效果,并验证其对胚胎发育的促进作用,实验对比体外成熟的猪卵母细胞经电激活后结合6-二甲氨基嘌呤(6-D)、细胞松弛素B(CB)或CHX激活后的孤雌囊胚率,及3种激活药物对体细胞核移植重构胚的发育能力的影响;在孤雌激活前用CHX预处理卵母细胞5 min,研究其对孤雌激活后胚胎发育能力的影响。结果表明:在孤雌激活过程中,CHX在激活8 h条件下囊胚率为48.0%,而CB和6-D处理4 h即可达55.2%和63.3%。而在体细胞核移植重构胚的激活中,采用CHX进行激活囊胚率为19.6%,高于CB的10.5%和6-D的16.5%,各组间差异显著(P>0.05)。孤雌激活前,卵母细胞经CHX预处理15 min可以提高CB或CHX激活的孤雌囊胚率。结果说明,CHX在孤雌激活能力较差,但对胚胎发育具有一定保护和促进作用。     

不同激活方法对猪卵胞质内单精子注射（ICSI）效果的影响

采用不同的注射方式结合人工激活方法处理猪卵母细胞,旨在探讨各处理方法对猪ICSI效果的影响。结果表明：假性注射＋未激活处理组卵母细胞的激活率虽然高于无机械刺激＋无激活处理对照组,但明显低于假性注射＋人工激活处理组;精子注射卵母细胞经CaCl2（1.8pL,30mmol/L）、离子霉素（15μmol/L,40min）和电脉冲（场强0.4kV/cm、脉冲时程90μs、1次脉冲）激活处理后,其激活率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,CaCl2处理组的受精率显著高于离子霉素处理组（P〈0.05）,并与电激活处理组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;但是,在假性注射组和对照组中,CaCl2处理组的孤雌发育率极显著地低于离子霉素和电激活处理组（P〈0.01）;CaCl2处理组的卵裂率（P〈0.01）和囊胚总细胞数（P〈0.05）显著高于对照组。因此,单纯注射性机械刺激对猪卵母细胞的激活效果较差,有必要进行人工激活;ICSI卵母细胞经CaCl2溶液激活处理后,能够取得较好的ICSI效果,而不显著增加其孤雌发育率。     

氯化锶对去透明带卵母细胞孤雌激活效果及孤雌胚胎体外发育体系的研究

本实验以昆明小鼠为研究对象,探讨了5 mmoL/L、10 mmoL/L及20 mmoL/L氯化锶(SrCl2)激活去透明带MⅡ期卵母细胞的效果,并比较了孤雌激活卵母细胞在普通DMEM培养液与添加有10 ng/mL有白血病抑制因子(LIF)的DMEM培养液中的体外发育率,旨在探讨去透明带卵母细胞适宜的SrCl2孤雌激活浓度及孤雌胚胎体外培养体系。结果表明:10 mmoL/L与5 mmoL/L SrCl2作用6 h所得激活率差异不显著(46.00%vs 40.38%,P>0.05),但显著高于20 mmoL/L SrCl2的激活率(46.00%vs 24.62%,P<0.05);将10 mmoL/L SrCl2激活处理6 h后得到的激活胚胎分别以DMEM培养液和LIF+DMEM培养液培养48 h,其桑葚胚分化率分别为44.00%及84.62%,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,宜采用10 mmoL/L SrCl2激活去透明带MⅡ期卵母细胞,并移入到10 ng/mL LIF+DMEM培养液进行体外培养。     

Oocyte transport: Developmental competence of bovine oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle stage by cycloheximide under air

The effects of the medium (TCM 199 or SOFaa) and temperature (20 or 39 C) during meiotic arrest by cycloheximide (CHX) under air on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) were investigated. Oocytes were maintained in meiotic arrest by 10 microg/ml CHX in a 50-microl droplet of 25-mM HEPES-buffered TCM 199 (H199) at 39 C or synthetic oviduct fluid (HSOFaa) at 20 or 39 C in air for 24 h. After release from the arrest, the oocytes was matured and fertilized in vitro and their developmental competence was examined. The developmental rate of oocytes arrested in HSOFaa at 20 C to the blastocyst stage was similar to that of non-arrested oocytes but was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of oocytes arrested at 39 C in H199 or in HSOFaa. In consideration of oocyte transport conditions, we also investigated the meiotic arrest of oocytes maintained in a 0.25-ml straw by CHX individually with 10 microl HSOFaa or as a group (40-50 oocytes) with 170-200 microl HSOFaa at 20 C in air for 24 h. After release from meiotic arrest, the developmental competence of these oocytes was assessed similarly. The developmental rate of oocytes treated with CHX individually was similar to that of those treated with CHX in 50-microl droplet of HSOFaa at 20 C. However, the developmental rate of oocytes treated with CHX as a group was lower than that of oocytes treated with CHX in a 50-microl droplet. Five blastocysts developed from oocytes maintained in meiotic arrest in a plastic straw were transferred to five recipient heifers. Consequently, three recipients became pregnant and 2 calves were delivered. The results of the present study indicate that bovine oocytes treated with CHX in HSOFaa at 20 C under air retain the same developmental competence as non-arrested oocytes.     

Effects of Serum-Free Culture Media on in vitro Development of Domestic Cat Embryos Following In Vitro Maturation and Fertilization

This study was conducted to determine the adequate medium for a serum‐free culture system of domestic cat embryos produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF). Cumulusoocyte complexes recovered from cat ovaries were matured in vitro for 24 h, and then inseminated in vitro for 12 h. After insemination, the oocytes were cultured in five media [Ham's F10, Waymouth 752/1 (Waymouth), TCM199, modified Earle's balanced salt solution (MK‐1) and CR1aa], each of which contained 0.4% bovine serum albumin. There were no significant differences among the rates of fertilization of oocytes cultured in five media following IVF. The rate of oocytes/embryos developed to at least the morula stage was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Waymouth than in MK‐1, TCM199 and CR1aa. Moreover, none of the embryos cultured in Ham's F10 and Waymouth developed to the blastocyst stage. There were no differences among the rates of development to the blastocyst stage of oocytes/embryos cultured in MK‐1, TCM199 and CR1aa. These results indicate that the type of serum‐free medium has a major impact on in vitro development of domestic cat embryos derived from IVM/IVF, and MK‐1, TCM199 and CR1aa media are suitable for in vitro culture of cat embryos in a serum‐free culture system.     

Optimization of in vitro embryo production and zygote vitrification for the indigenous Vietnamese Ban pig: The effects of different in vitro oocyte maturation systems

The Vietnamese Ban pig is a precious genetic resource that needs to be preserved. In vitro embryo production from in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes is an important tool for the utilization of cryopreserved porcine sperm. The aim of this study was to compare two media for the IVM of Ban pig oocytes. Immature oocytes were subjected to IVM either in a non‐defined (TCM‐199 + pig follicular fluid) or in a defined base medium (POM + epidermal growth factor). At the end of IVM, the oocytes were in vitro fertilized (IVF) with frozen Ban sperm. Ten hours after IVF, the oocytes were either subjected to orcein staining to check fertilization and maturation status or cultured in vitro for 7 days. There was no difference between the two IVM media in terms of percentages of oocyte maturation and blastocyst production. However, the percentage of male pronuclear formation after IVF and the total cell numbers in blastocysts were higher with the defined system. Zygotes obtained by the two IVM systems survived vitrification at similar rates. In conclusion, the two IVM systems were both effective for the production of Ban pig embryos; however, better embryo quality was achieved with the defined one.     

Elevated Histone H1 (MPF) and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activities in Pig Oocytes Following In Vitro Maturation do not Indicate Cytoplasmic Maturation

Effects of different media (TCM 199 + BSA, TCM 199 + FCS, TCM 199 + NBCS, Whitten's medium + BSA) supplemented with estradiol-17β and two isolated and everted follicle shells on MPF and MAP kinase activities and the sensitivity to parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes were examined at the end of culture (48 h). Elevated ( P  <   0.05) activities of MAP kinase were recorded in metaphase II oocytes following culture in Whitten's medium, whereas MPF levels were lowest ( P  <   0.05) in MII oocytes matured in TCM 199 supplemented with BSA. Oocytes matured in TCM 199 based media showed higher ( P  <   0.05) activation rates when compared to oocytes incubated in Whitten's medium. Whitten's medium supplemented with different protein sources (amino acids, FCS, BSA) was used to study the effects of different exposure periods to eCG/hCG stimulation on MPF and MAP kinase activities and in vivo fertilisability following culture for 48 h. MPF and MAP kinase activities were significantly increased by eCG/hCG stimulation of COCs during maturation. Further, the continuous presence of eCG/hCG during culture (48 h) significantly increased the levels of both kinases in comparison to stimulation by gonadotrophins alone during the first 24 h of incubation. In vivo fertilisation of oocytes matured in Whitten's medium supplemented with eCG/hCG for 24 or 48 h led to a significant retardation of early embryonic development compared to ovulated oocytes. In conclusion, media composition and gonadotrophin stimulation affect MPF/MAP kinase activities and the susceptibility to parthenogenetic activation of IVM oocytes. However, elevated kinase levels in pig oocytes following culture do not indicate complete cytoplasmic maturation.     

Studies on Survival of Horse Oocytes After Rapid-i Method Vitrification

The aim of the present study was to determine the vitality and developmental competence of equine oocytes after in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrified by Rapid-i method. In experiment 1, oocytes after IVM were vitrified using media: EquiPro VitKit (group 1) or medium containing 18% Ficoll, 40% ethylene glycol, and 0.3 M sucrose (group 2). For evaluation of toxicity effect, oocytes were exposed to media without a plug to liquid nitrogen. To evaluate viability, oocytes were stained with fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide. In experiment 2, oocytes after IVM and vitrification were activated by 7.5 μM ionomicin in TCM 199 (5 minutes) combined with 2 mM 6-DMAP in TCM 199 with 10% fetal bovine serum (4.5 hours). Survival rate was: 63% in group 1 (n = 54), 55% in group 2 (n = 69), and 73.2% (n = 56) in the control group. After parthenogenetic activation, 10.2% (n = 49) of 2–4 blastomeres were observed. This percentage was lower than in the nonvitrified group: 38.5% (n = 53).     

Attempt at in vitro maturation of minke whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis) oocytes using a portable CO2 incubator

The present study was conducted to investigate whether a portable CO2 incubator was effective for in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine, porcine and minke whale oocytes, and the effect of maturation media supplemented with different hormones; porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH), estradiol-17beta (E2), or pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG): human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for minke whale immature oocytes was also examined. In vitro maturation rates of bovine and porcine oocytes cultured in the portable CO2 incubator were not significantly different from the standard CO2 incubator. In minke whale IVM culture using the portable incubator, the maximum expansion of cumulus mass was observed by pFSH/E2 and PMSG/hCG at the end of IVM culture. Moreover, the IVM culture period was shortened to 28-30 h from 96-120 h previously reported. The proportion of matured oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with pFSH/E2 (26.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that with PMSG/hCG (6.9%). The present study indicates that a portable CO2 incubator is a useful device for minke whale IVM culture on a research base ship, and the addition of pFSH/E2 into an IVM medium enhanced cumulus expansion and the proportion of minke whale matured oocytes.     

Morphology of Dromedary Camel Oocytes and their Ability to Spontaneous and Chemical Parthenogenetic Activation

The present work was conducted to examine (1) the morphology of dromedary cumulus‐oocytes complexes (COCs), (2) to study the incidence of spontaneous development of oocytes in vivo and (3) to assess the ability of in vitro matured dromedary oocytes to chemical parthenogenetic activation compared with in vitro fertilized (IVF) oocytes. COCs were recovered from dromedary ovaries classified according to their morphology into six categories. Oocyte diameter was measured using eye piece micrometer. For chemical activation, COCs with at least three layers of cumulus‐cells were in vitro matured (IVM) in TCM 199 + 10 μg/ml FSH + 10 IU hCG/ml + 10% FCS + 50 μg/ml gentamycin. COCs were incubated for 40 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO₂ in humidified air. After IVM, matured oocytes with first polar body (first Pb) were divided into two groups. Group 1: activated in 7% ethanol (E) for 5 min followed by culture in 2 mM 6‐dimethylaminopurin (6‐DMAP, E D, subgroup 1) or 10 μg/ml cycloheximide (CHX, E CHX, subgroup 2) for 3.5 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO₂. In group 2, oocytes were activated using 50 μM Ca A23187 (Ca A) for 5 min followed by culture in 2 mM 6‐DMAP (Ca D, subgroup 3) or 10 μg/ml CHX(Ca CHX, subgroup 4) for 3.5 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO₂. For control group, IVM oocytes were fertilized using frozen‐thawed camel spermatozoa separated by swim‐up method then suspended in Fert‐TALP medium supplemented with 6 mg/ml BSA (FAF) + 10 μg/ml heparin. In all groups, oocytes were in vitro cultured in SOFaa medium + 5% FCS and 5 μg/ml insulin + 50 μg/ml gentamycin. Cleavage rate and embryo development were checked on Days 2, 5 and 8. An average of 11.3 ± 0.3 COCs were recovered/dromedary ovary. Categories 1 and 2 represented 33.1% and 34.8%, respectively, and were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the other categories (19.1, 9.2 and 2.6% for categories 3–5, respectively). Category 6 (embryo‐like structures) represented 1.2% of the recovered oocytes, staining of these embryo‐like structures with orcien dye indicated the presence of divided cells with condensed nuclei. Dromedary oocytes averaged 166.2 ± 2.6 μm in diameter with black cytoplasm. Chemical activation of IVM dromedary oocyte with first Pb in 7% ethanol or 50 μM Ca A followed by culture in 2 mM 6‐DMAP showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) cleavage and developmental rates to the morula stage than oocytes activated using 7% ethanol or 50 μM Ca A followed by 10 μg/ml CHX or in vitro fertilized control group. Higher (p < 0.01) proportion of oocytes sequentially cultured in 10 μg/ml CHX or that in vitro fertilized were arrested at the 2–4‐cell stage compared with that cultured in 6‐DMAP.     

Influence of follicle size,methods of retrieval on oocytes yield and morphology in Egyptian Jennies ovaries with special reference to maturation rate in vitro

This work was designed to evaluate the ovarian follicular development, oocytes morphology, methods of oocytes reterival, and the effect of different in vitro maturation (IVM) media on cumulus cell expansion and nuclear maturation of Jennies oocytes. Experiment 1, the number of small (<6 mm), medium (6 to 9 mm) and large size (>10 mm) ovarian follicles was recorded. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were reterived and classified into 4 Grades based on their cumulus-cells investment and the homogenous of the ooplasm. In Experiment 2, COCs were recovered by using 18-G, 20-G needle or slicing and scraping of ovarian follicles to determine the number and morphology of the recovered COCs. In Experiment 3, Grade A and B COCs were IVM in DMEM-HG, DMEM-LG, DMEM-F12, TCM199, TCM199-F12 or CR1aa media supplemented with 10 % FCS?+?10 μg FSH/mL?+?10 IU hCG/mL?+?50 μg/mL gentamicin. Maturation was performed for 36 h at 38.5 °C under 5 % CO₂ in humidified air. After IVM, cumulus cell expansion and oocytes nuclear canfiguration were determined. An average of 6.40?±?0.26 follicles was recorded per Jenny ovary, representing 3.37?±?0.46, 1.89?±?0.14 and 1.14?±?0.16, for the small, medium and large size follicles, respectively. Oocyte recovery was higher (P?P?P?P?P?P?P?P?Conclusion: Slicing and scraping or aspiration of follicles using 18-G needle increased the number and percentage of Grade A Jennies oocytes. TCM199-F12, CR1aa and TCM199 medi are more suitable for IVM of Jenny oocytes by promoting cumulus cells expansion and nuclear maturation to M II stage.     

Effect of the in vitro maturation medium on equine oocytes: comparison of follicular fluid and oestrous mare serum

The present study evaluated the effect of supplementing the medium used to mature equine oocytes in vitro with oestrous mare serum (EMS) or horse follicular fluid (HFF). To this end, 144 ovaries were obtained from mares aged 16-21 months and transported to the laboratory in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (D-PBS) at 30 degrees C. Oocytes were harvested from the ovaries by slicing, and then selected for in vitro maturation (IVM) according to the number of cumulus cell layers and the characteristics of the cytoplasm. The selected oocytes were washed three times in TCM199 medium plus HEPES (TCM-199H) or in the same medium plus glutamine (TCM-199G), then matured in vitro in six study groups established according to the in vitro maturation (IVM) treatment to see possible interactions between HEPES and glutamine on other supplements: Ten percent EMS was added to two of these media (TCM-199H+EMS and TCM-199G+EMS) and 10% HFF was added to the media in two other groups (TCM-199H+HFF and TCM-199G+HFF). IVM was performed at 38.5 degrees C for 40 h in a controlled atmosphere (5% CO2, 95% relative humidity). The findings indicate that the presence of EMS or HFF in the TCM-199H medium gives rise to the best results in terms of the proportions of oocytes reaching maturity (37.7% and 36.8%, respectively). The values obtained with EMS and HFF were statistically similar to each other but differed from the other treatments. The media containing glutamine led to the highest proportions of degenerated oocytes.