高寒牧区羔羊育肥效果分析

为了探讨高寒牧区羔羊的最优育肥模式,以澳洲美利奴×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊、邦德×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊、特克塞尔×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊(分别简称澳甘细、邦甘细、特甘细)和甘肃高山细毛羊纯繁羔羊(简称甘高细)作为试验对象,采用全舍饲和"放牧+补饲"2种方式进行育肥试验,观测其生长(育肥期增重、平均日增重)和屠宰(胴体重、屠宰率)性能。结果表明:不同育肥方式对羔羊的生产性能无明显影响(P>0.05),全舍饲和"放牧+补饲"下,羔羊的育肥期增重分别是9.95 kg和9.83 kg,平均日增重分别是165.88 g和163.79 g,胴体重分别是14.41 kg和14.38 kg,屠宰率分别是47.61%和47.26%。经济效益分析表明"放牧+补饲"育肥羔羊的平均效益较全舍饲高35元/只;3个杂种羔羊群体的育肥效果都好于甘高细,其中特甘细的生长和屠宰性能最好。全舍饲育肥下,特甘细的胴体重分别比澳甘细、邦甘细高2.83和2.3 kg(P<0.01);"放牧+补饲"育肥下,分别比这2个群体高0.79和0.28 kg。由此说明,"放牧+补饲"是高寒牧区羔羊育肥的最优技术,特克塞尔×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊是羔羊育肥的最优群体。     

甘南藏羔羊补饲兼放牧育肥试验

选择甘南藏羔羊51只进行补饲兼放牧育肥试验。结果表明:补饲兼放牧的试验1组、试验2组和只放牧不补饲的对照组体重分别为33.04,28.13和24.68 kg,分别增重21.07,17.28和14.41 kg,试验1组增重比对照组高6.66 kg(P<0.01),试验2组增重比对照组高2.87 kg(P>0.05)。因此,经补饲兼放牧育肥,在牧区11月枯草期到来前,羔羊体重可达到生产羔羊肉的体重(30 kg以上),实现羔羊当年出栏。     

柴达木地区羔羊暖季放牧育肥效果研究

在柴达木盆地的暖季,经151d的放牧育肥,半细毛羔羊平均体重增长12.42kg,日增重为82.25g;藏系羔羊同期121d的放牧育肥,平均体重增长10.65kg,日增重为88.02g;用地产的饲草料进行舍饲育肥,半细毛羔羊日增重为89.76g,藏系羔羊为85.46g;放牧与舍饲育肥的增重效果差异极不显著(p>0.01)。     

科尔沁草甸草原放牧强度对肉牛增重与草地的影响

研究了不同放牧强度下(0.8hm2/牛和1.2hm2/牛)科尔沁肉牛的日增重和单位面积产量的差异,以及其对草地状况的影响.研究结果表明,不同放牧强度下肉牛的日增重无显著差异(分别是0.4418kg和0.4482kg);高放牧强度的处理,单位面积的产量高(分别是0.5525kg/hm2·d和0.3735kg/hm2·d),但对草地的持续生产不利,导致草群中禾草比例下降而杂草比例上升.     

陶寒与边寒杂交一代羔羊育肥试验

对无角陶赛特♂×小尾寒羊♀(陶寒F1)和边区莱斯特♂×小尾寒羊♀(边寒F1)杂交一代羔羊与纯种小尾寒羊羔羊进行育肥性能对比试验,结果表明:在60 d育肥期内,陶寒F1羔羊和边寒F1羔羊日增重较小尾寒羊提高54.49 g和43.81 g(P<0.01);陶寒F1和边寒F1 6月龄羔羊胴体重分别比小尾寒羊提高2.95 kg和2.17 kg(P<0.05);陶寒F1和边寒F1 6月龄屠宰率分别比小尾寒羊提高4.02%和3.53%(P<0.05);陶寒F1和边寒F1的骨肉比与小尾寒羊的骨肉比相比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

冬季添加产酶益生素对羔羊育肥效果的影响

分别在冬季选择月龄、胎次、初生重、体重都相近,健康无病的当年生育肥羔羊100只,随机分成5组(n=20,公母羔羊各半),其中试验组4组,对照组1组。试验1,2,3,4组补充精料中分别按0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%添加反刍动物专用产酶益生素,试验期为48d,每8d称重并记录1次体重情况。结果表明,在冬季羔羊育肥中,各组初重差异均不显著(P>0.05),末重除试验组1与对照组差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余各试验组与对照组差异均显著(P<0.05),其中试验2组差异极显著(P<0.01)。从增重效果看,试验组1(0.1%)比对照组降低了0.05kg(1%),平均日增重降低了0.001kg;试验组2(0.2%)增重比对照组增加了2.30kg,比对照组提高了46%,平均日增重增加了0.048kg;试验组3(0.3%)比对照组增加了0.45kg,比对照组提高了9%,平均日增重增加了0.01kg;试验组4(0.4%)比对照组增加了0.30kg,增重比对照组提高了6%,平均日增重增加了0.006kg。由此可以得出,羔羊冬季育肥试验组增重效果与平均日增重结果一致:试验组2>试验组3>试验组4>对照组>试验组1。     

高寒牧区羔羊短期育肥效果

在青海省刚察县哈尔盖镇察拉村随机选择6月龄藏系羔羊60只和陶×藏杂一代羔羊30只进行60 d同品种羔羊短期育肥试验和不同品种羔羊短期育肥试验。结果表明：藏系羔羊在放牧＋补饲饲养管理下,比纯天然放牧生长发育快,只均日增重高出46.4 g,且差异极显著（P〈0.01）;陶×藏杂交羔羊生长速度快,杂种优势显著,只均日增重高出放牧＋补饲藏系羔羊47.3 g,差异也极显著（P〈0.01）。     

滩羊体重对放牧强度的短期效应

在黄土高原典型草原上进行放牧强度对滩羊体重变化、日增重和草地单位面积畜产品产量影响的研究。结果表明,随着放牧强度的增加,体重变化趋势是240羊·d/hm2>480羊·d/hm2>780羊·d/hm2,日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着放牧时间的延续,日增重在逐渐下降。草地单位面积上畜产品的产出量各处理组间差异均极显著(P<0.01),以780羊·d/hm2组单位面积畜产品产出量最高(76.3kg/hm2·90d)。     

山羊羔羊秋季育肥屠宰对比试验报告

将3月龄90只山羊羔羊随机分为2组(试验组60只和对照组30只),试验组全天放牧,早晚两次补饲精料;对照组全天放牧,不补饲。试验期90d,结果表明,济宁青山羊断奶羔羊经过短期育肥,试验组日增重152.67g,比对照组高42.78g,胴体重14.26kg,比对照组高4.24kg,差异极显著。经济效益明显。     

青海半细毛羊羔羊放牧加补饲育肥试验

在放牧条件下 ,用青海省江河源饲料发展有限公司生产的 3 0 3育肥羊颗粒饲料对 4～ 5月龄青海半细毛羔羊进行放牧加补饲育肥试验 ,每只羊补饲 0 .3 4kg d。育肥期 90d。试验组羊只均活重为 3 4.63± 5 .17kg ,比对照组提高7.90kg ,P <0 .0 1,差异极显著 ,7～ 8月龄羔羊达到出栏标准 ,经济和社会效益显著。     

羔羊代乳粉研究进展及其在肥羔生产中的应用前景

文章从羔羊代乳粉的研究进展及其在羔羊早期断奶中的应用等几个方面进行了阐述,分析了肥羔生产的产业优势及产业现状,认为羔羊代乳粉是肥羔规模化、工厂化、产业化生产的主要技术条件,应用前景广泛.     

波本杂交一代山羊生产肥羔的试验效果

选择3月龄左右的波本（波尔山羊与渝东白山羊）杂交一代羊20只,采用完全随机化试验设计,分成2个组,进行为期90d的肥育试验,观察波杂一代羊用作肥羔生产的效果。以活体重、胴体重、肌肉颜色、肋肉厚度为考察指标,结果显示肥羔肉等级介于良好级与优等级之间,表明波尔山羊与渝东白山羊杂交一代用作肥羔生产有良好的效果。     

羔羊产业化生产的发展思路

结合当前西部大开发和肉羊生产,简述了羔羊产业化生产的发展思路及实施羔羊产业化生产中的关键环节和技术措施。     

添加益生素对羔羊增重效果的影响

选用3月龄羔羊40只,随机分为4组。三个试验组绵羊的基础日粮中添加益生素0.05g,0.10g,0.15g/只,d,对照组绵羊不添加益生素,共饲喂46d,以观察益生素对羔羊增重及生长发育的影响。试验结果表明:绵羊添加益生素0.10g/只,d时,育肥羔羊的增重、日增重、料重比、钙、磷、粗蛋白的表观消化率最高,即羔羊饲料中0.10g/d剂量的益生素,可使育肥羔羊得到最佳的增重效果。     

小尾寒羊羔羊超数排卵及卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存效果研究

以我国地方品种小尾寒羊作为供体,对不同年龄羔羊(6～8周龄和12～14周龄)超数排卵效果以及卵母细胞冷冻保存对体外受精、体外胚胎发育、胚胎移植产羔的影响进行研究。结果表明:6～8周龄组羔羊只均超排处理获卵数和可用卵数(60.8枚和58.2枚)显著高于12～14周龄组(27.3枚和26.0枚)(P<0.05);经玻璃化冷冻—解冻后的卵母细胞体外受精,冷冻组的卵裂率和桑椹胚发育率(67.8%和35.6%)均显著降低于对照组(79.2%和53.8E)(P<0.05);玻璃化冷冻保存体外生产的胚胎,经移植后成功产下4只健康羔羊(4/52)。     

饲料中添加格林酶对羔羊增重效果的影响

选择高原型藏羊羔羊80只,随机分为3个试验组和1个对照组,每组20只,在3个试验组中分别添加格林酶0.1%、0.15%、0.2%,对照组不添加,进行试验。试验结果表明,添加0.15%水平时的增重、日增重、料重比;钙、磷、粗蛋白的表观消化率都最佳。说明饲料中添加0.15%水平的格林酶能显著提高育肥羔羊的增重和提高营养物质的利用,是最佳的日粮添加剂量。     

环状腺苷酸对羔羊增重效果的研究

给羔羊分别注射ｃＡＭＰ标准品和制备品制剂，３０天后评估其增重效果。ｃＡＭＰ标准品组羔羊平均增重比对照组提高１６％，制备品组羔羊平均增重比对照组提高１５．８％。证明ｃＡＭＰ对羔羊增重效果显著，且两种ｃＡＭＰ对羔羊增重无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Factors affecting dystocia and offspring vigour in different sheep genotypes

Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these traits. Data were collected at birth from a total of 3252 lambs of two terminal sire breeds selected for lean growth (Suffolk [S], n = 500 and Texel [T], n = 1207), from a Hill breed (Scottish Blackface [B], n = 610), which has been mainly selected for hardiness, and a crossbred (Mule × T [M], n = 935) representing a maternal line. For each lamb the degree of assistance at delivery, lamb presentation, amount of assistance to achieve successful sucking, sex, litter size and birth weight were recorded. T lambs required the most, and B and M lambs the least assistance at birth, S lambs were intermediate (% lambs assisted: T = 55.7, S = 30.7, B = 22.7, M = 24.9, P < 0.001). T and S lambs were equally likely to be malpresented at birth (29% of births) and more likely to be malpresented than B or M lambs (20%; P < 0.001). In T and S breeds lambs requiring veterinary assistance at delivery were mainly heavy and singleton lambs, whereas in B and M breeds these were exclusively low birth weight lambs in multiple litters. Although heavier lambs needed greater birth assistance, T lambs were lighter than S and M lambs, but heavier than B lambs (birth weight (kg): S = 4.66, M = 4.56, T = 4.32, B = 3.67, P < 0.001). S lambs were more likely to require assistance with sucking than other breeds, and T lambs also required more assistance than B or M lambs (% lambs assisted to suck: S = 56.0, T = 31.6, M = 19.8, B = 18.4, P < 0.001). Heavier lambs were more likely to suck unaided than lighter lambs (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the two terminal sire breeds, selected narrowly for greater productivity (muscle growth and conformation), are more likely to experience birth difficulty and poorer lamb vigour than the breed selected for hardiness, or the cross breed. Whether these effects arise as a consequence of genetic selection (e.g. for specific lamb conformation), or as a result of management practices to achieve selection goals (e.g. increased intervention at lambing) is unknown. Specific actions to improve birth difficulty and lamb vigour, such as including these traits in the selection index, would be beneficial in improving the welfare of ewes and lambs of the terminal sire breeds.     

河北坝上地区羔羊肥育及屠宰试验

选用５月龄河北细毛羊和德美（德国肉毛兼用美利奴）与河北细毛羊杂交一代羔羊各２４只,按体重分成３组,研究不同肥育方式对其生长性能的影响。结果表明,在放牧条件下,断奶羔羊补饲适量混合精料,日增重提高显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。同时能显著提高当年青年母羊的发情和配种率。试验结果后,选用４只８月龄河北细毛羊和德美杂交一代羊进行屠宰,比较不同肥育方式对羊胴体品质的影响。结果表明,补饲可显著地（Ｐ〈０．０１）提高胴     

The effect of ewe maternal behaviour score on lamb and litter survival

The study was carried out on a commercial New Zealand sheep farm with high ewe reproductive rates and lamb survival produced through intensive selection in its Coopworth flock for maternal ability.Heritability and repeatability estimates were derived for ewe maternal behaviour score (MBS) and litter survival (LIS). Heritability estimates were derived for lamb survival as a trait of the lamb (LAS) for all lambs, for twin (LAS2) and for triplet (LAS3) lambs.MBS and LIS were measured on 1954 dams, for a maximum of four parities: 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. MBS was measured at tagging on a 5-point scale (1=poor, 5=excellent) when the dam's lambs were between 12 and 36 h old. The mean MBS in this study was 3.3 and increased with litter size. LIS was measured from birth to weaning. Mean litter survival was 83%. LIS increased significantly as MBS increased (P<0.01). LIS decreased as the size of the litter increased (P<0.01). Age of dam was a nonsignificant effect on LIS (P>0.05).LAS was measured from birth to weaning on 4171 Coopworth lambs. Mean LAS was higher for lambs born as twins compared to lambs born as singles and lowest for lambs born as triplets (P<0.01). LAS was lower for lambs born to dams aged 2 years. This effect was significant for all lambs, regardless of litter size at birth and for the triplet lamb data set (P<0.01). The effects of age of dam and sex of lamb on twin lamb survival were not significant (P>0.05). Ewe lamb survival rate was higher when compared to ram lambs in the full data set, however the relationship was reversed for the triplet lamb data set where ram lamb survival was greatest (P<0.01). LAS decreased as the MBS of its dam increased (P<0.01). The relationship was significant for lambs in the full data set and the twin data set (P<0.05).MBS and LIS were under minimal genetic control. The heritability and repeatability for MBS were both 0.09. The heritability and repeatability for dam LIS were 0.0 and 0.11. Heritability for LAS over all lambs attributed to direct effects was 0.14, while the heritability attributed to maternal effects was 0.11. The heritability for twin (LAS2) and triplet (LAS3) lamb survival differed. Heritability attributed to direct and maternal effects were 0.0 and 0.21, respectively, for twin lambs and 0.08 and 0.16, respectively, for triplets.The genetic correlation between maternal and direct effect for LAS was −0.74. It is possible that the genes that regulate physiological and biochemical processes for survival are incompatible with the genes that enhance ewe-lamb bonding. For example, the genes that regulate the physiological factors to reduce gregariousness at parturition may in fact be the same genes that encourage isolation in the neonate from its littermates and dam.There is minimal genetic variation in this flock for lamb survival and maternal traits. Low genetic variation suggests that selection will be ineffective, and that farmers must consider environment and management techniques for improving lamb survival.