Microcosmic Observation and Conductive Mechanism Discuss of Nano-meter Diamond by Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The STM three dimensions surface shape appearance figure and scanning tunneling spectrum(STS) of nano-meter diamond are obtained by STM.IPC-205B developed by the authors.Insulator diamond films being transacted into nano-meter diamond particles,the STM three dimensions surface shape appearance figure of nano-meter diamond is gotten under a certain bias voltage.Then nano-meter diamond microstructure is observed.And the STS of nano-meter diamond is gained.Also it exhibits the energy gap breadth of nano-meter diamond.At the same time,the STS and conductive mechanism are analyzed.STM/STS studies can not only explain the spectrum study mechanism of conductive capability of nano-meter diamond and expand application field of STM,but also they may act as the important study means for nanometer crystal particles structure and energy spectrun character analyse after insulated material turns into nanometer crystal particles.     

Application of Power Spectral Density Analysis in STM

The tunneling-current signals which acquired by STM,include both the sample's molecular structure and the dynamic characteristics of STM system.The Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT) is utilized to estimate the power spectral density(PSD)of the tunneling-current signals and the data's feature vector was extracted in the frequency space.The results obtained by PSD estimation reveal that spectral-space-based feature vector can distinguish the interference from power line(50 Hz),and it can explain and analyze the dynamic characteristics of STM efficiently by using a damped harmonic oscillator model.Meanwhile,the recognition is helpful in the control of the practice scanning condition of STM and the 3-D recreation for the images of STM.     

Observation of the DNA Structures with The Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The scanner was calibrated through the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) with our national-made STM.Under the natural conditions such as normal temperature and pressure,the DNA structure of pig spleen was measured.Clear atomic images of graphite surface and the DNA structure were obtained.The method how to make biological samples for STM is described, and the results are also analyzed and discussed.     

THE CORRECTION TO THE DISTORTED IMAGE OF THE SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE

The reason of the STM image distortion is analyzed according to the principle of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). A physical and mathematical model is established and the numeral value solution is obtained by the computer. Finally,the STM distorted image is correctted with a satisfactory result.     

应用STM32系统设计基于物联网的农业小气候观测传感器

为实现分布式测量的农业小气候观测系统设计,需要设计一种体积小、成本相对较低的观测传感器。设计中应用STM32系统,采用现代电子设计技术及智能化的软硬件开发,实现传感器的设计制造。结果表明,应用STM32系统进行主控单元硬件设计,及STM32系统自带的标准库函数开发固化软件,不仅功能上能够满足要求,而且设计及生产成本均较低。设计完成的一体式传感器不仅能够更好地满足农业小气候观测需求,而且较集中控制方式的农业小气候观测系统有安装维护上的优势,其体积小,而且“全无线”设计,不会影响农事活动。基于物联网的智能化传感器设计为实现分布式测量打下了基础。     

Testing and modal analysis on multi stage planetarygearbox housing of shield tunnelling machine

The finite element model is developed for the multi stage planetary gearbox housing in shield tunnelling machine (STM), and the the eigenvalue problem is solved by using block Lanczos method, and then the low order natural frequencies and corresponding modes are extracted. Based on the theory of experimental modal analysis, the modal testing is made for the gearbox housing by pulse excitation method. The least squares complex frequency domain (LSCF) estimation method is used to analyze the modal data, and the natural characteristics of housing is obtained. According to the modal assurance criterion (MAC), the experimental modal parameters are validated. Modal analysis shows that the experimental data is coincided with analytical results, which indicates the accuracy of the theoretical model and testing method. The coupling sympathetic vibration is disappearing between the gears train and housing, the local vibration is large at the high speed side of gearbox housing, and the torsional mode is outstanding under operating condition. The research results provide theoretical basis and experimental support for the structural optimization of the gearbox of STM.     

Phenotypic characterization and nuclear microsatellite analysis reveal genomic changes and rearrangements underlying androgenesis in tetraploid potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Two (di)haploids (2n = 2x = 24) and nine tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48) obtained from Solanum tuberosum through anther culture were characterized for nDNA variation, phenotypic variation and nuclear microsatellite polymorphism. Androgenic (di)haploids were also characterized for late blight resistance. The (di)haploid C-13 was derived from Indian tetraploid potato cv. Kufri Chipsona-2, while D4 from TPS (true potato seed) parental line JTH/C-107, which is an interspecific hybrid between Indian tetraploid cv. Kufri Jyoti and diploid (2n = 2x = 24) cultivated species S. phureja Juz. & Buk. IVP-35. C-13 and D4 (both male-fertile) could be distinguished from their corresponding tetraploid anther donors based on plant height, shoot number, terminal leaflet length and width, leaf ratio, anther length, pollen diameter and corolla width and radius. A complete reversal of flower color occurred in D4, and C-13 was highly resistant to late blight. Most interestingly, about 3–7% increase in nDNA content occurred in most of the anther-derived tetraploids. Both the androgenic (di)haploids and their anther donors had unique genotypes at the microsatellite loci POTM1-2, STM0015 and STM0019b. However, the nine anther-derived tetraploids shared the same allelic profiles with their anther donor JTH/C-107 at all the microsatellite loci, except at STM0019a where they were characterized by the absence of a standard donor allele (186-bp). A typical (di)haploid-specific allele was detected for the locus STWAX-2 where the standard donor alleles were replaced by a 230-bp allele in both C-13 and D4. The over-expression of microsatellite variation in D4 that also shows triallelic profiles at the microsatellite loci POTM1-2 and STM0015 can perhaps be attributed to its chimeric structure, which might have been formed through incomplete fusion of two different pro-embryos during the first steps of microspore division.     

东北地区部分马铃薯品种遗传多样性的SSR分析

为对东北地区马铃薯品种鉴定提供分子水平上的依据,选用部分主栽品种（系）18 份,利用筛选出的18对多态性较好的马铃薯SSR引物进行扩增,对供试材料进行遗传多样性分析并构建指纹图谱。结果表明,供试材料共扩增出156个等位位点,其中146个为多态性位点,多态性比率达92.4%,扩增产物片段在100~800bp。利用STM1021、STI051、S170、S7、STI030、STPATP1和STM2023这7对引物构建了供试品种（系）的SSR指纹图谱。其中引物S7可以将18份品种（系）完全区分开。经聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.61处,所有供试材可明显分为2个类群,其中14个品种（系）聚在一类,表明,聚类分析结果与供试材料来源有较好的一致性。从分子水平上表明供试材料的遗传基础较狭窄。     

Design and Application of a New-style High Resolving Capability Scanning Tunneling Microscope

A new-style STM is presented. With its automatic advancing, braking and locking devices, it can achieve the tunneling state semi-automatically. Scanning programmed makes it work more quickly. A special software is used to manipulate the imagines. This gives us a better way to know the information of the surface of the specimen. By comparing typical images obtained with the acknowledged ones, its resolving capability given transverse is 0.1 nm, and vertical is 0.01 nm. Several images are given as samples.     

基于PID算法对热风炉热风温度控制及仿真分析

在农作物金银花干燥期间,为了满足干燥热风的温度和风速的稳定性要求,针对热风炉出风口热风温度与设定的温度值滞后和稳定性差等问题,设计了一套以单片机STM32作为核心处理器和模糊自适PID算法作为参数控制器的控制系统,实现模糊自适PID算法对参数进行调整。利用Matlab语言建立模型,对整套控制系统进行仿真分析。结果表明:出风口热风温度的稳定性能达到95%以上,该研究方法提高控制系统的性能,有利于农作物干燥的质量和效率。     

基于压电效应的简易型细胞力学测试仪

针对传统的细胞力学研究方法的非无损性,不能对细胞力学参数连续、长期监测的特点,研制出一种基于石英晶体压电效应的简易型细胞力学测试仪。该测试仪以STM32 103C8 为核心,设计有石英晶体在液相环境下的起振电路、稳定振荡电路,采用了频率/电压转换电路。系统实现了对石英晶体频率变化的高精度采集,对与传感器耦合的界面层（细胞）的质量、粘弹性和表面应力多参数敏感,能对细胞黏附过程和细胞力学性能进行动态监测。通过整机在细胞培养液环境下的实验,验证了测试仪系统的可行性与稳定性。     

Structure on Electrochromic Wox Films by Magnetron Sputtering Method

Using pure tungsten as target, WO_(x)films were deposited on ITOglass substrate by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Through the XRD and STM methods, its crystal structure and surface microstructureare analyzed, and the relations between electrochromic properties and microstructure are discussed. The experimental results show that either in the colored or in the bleached state WO_(x)film deposited by magnetron sputtering method in such a condition is amorphous, as well as it is in the deposited state. The electrochromic action makes the color of the film change reversibly, and consequentiallyalso makes the microstructure change reversibly. The injection or extraction of Li~(+)does not make the basic structure of WO_(x)film change greatly, but makes the surface appearancedifferent, as a result, the accumulatemode of radical clusters tends to be more regular and low-energy mode.     

基于TCS230传感器的新鲜辣椒颜色识别研究

为实现用机器代替人眼对辣椒进行自动分类的目的,利用青、红以及杂色辣椒的颜色特征进行提取分析,设计并构建以TCS230高分辨率可编程颜色传感器与高频率STM32单片机相结合的硬件系统;同时设计多个品种辣椒识别实验,将系统识别结果与人眼识别感受进行对比,得出系统识别的正确率在94%以上。     

Linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping of foliage late blight resistance in the wild species Solanum vernei

The global cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is threatened by epidemics caused by new variants of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. New sources of durable late blight resistance are urgently needed and these may be found in wild Solanum species. The diploid wild species, S. vernei, has not previously been subjected to mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Two populations designated HGIHJS and HGG, originating from a cross between a clone of S. vernei and two different S. tuberosum clones were evaluated in field trials for late blight infestation. The relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) was estimated and used for QTL mapping. A linkage map of S. vernei, comprising 11 linkage groups, nine of which could be assigned to chromosomes, was constructed. Results indicated that the resistance in S. vernei was quantitatively inherited. Significant QTLs for late blight resistance were identified on chromosomes VIII (HGG), VI and IX (HGIHJS). In addition, potential QTLs were detected on chromosomes VII (HGIHJS) and IX (HGG). A putative and a significant QTL for tuber yield were found on chromosomes VI and VII in HGG, but no linkage between yield and resistance was indicated. The QTL for late blight resistance, which mapped to chromosome IX, could be useful for late blight resistance breeding as it was located close to the microsatellite marker STM1051 in both populations.     

农业生态系统安全性预警与预警系统的建立

分析农业生态系统面临的威胁，提出农业生态系统进行安全性预警必要性，探讨了预警指标、模型和预警类型的选择和及农业生态预警系统建立等研究状况。预警指标的选择主要考虑受人类直接或间接影响后而容易发生退化的因子,主要有土壤肥力质量指标和土壤环境质量指标等; 模型在生态安全预警研究中具有预测、解释和推断功能，在不同预警指标中将会采用不同的模型；预警的类型包括对农业生态系统恶化的程度和状态，趋势，速度等预警；WebGIS技术的运用为建立包括不同尺度和时间的预警，单项因子预警信息、子系统预警信息和系统总体预警提供了有力的技术支撑。     

Chromosome Substitution Lines:Useful Genomic Resources in Cotton

The genus Gossypium is a very diverse one with about 50 species.However,a very narrow germplasm base is presently being used for genetic improvement of Upland cotton.The wild tetraploid cotton species are reservoirs of important genes for pest and disease resistance,and for improved agronomic and fiber traits.Two of the most important forces impeding Upland cotton improvement are" 1)the paucity of information about genes that control important traits,and 2) the need for extensive usage of diverse germplasm.     

Architecture and Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a novel technology about acquiring and processing information. The designer of WSN must have a thorough understand about architecture, protocol and characteristics of WSN. This paper describes communication architecture, component of node and available building scheme for WSN in detail, analyzes the characteristics of all topologies, and presents a protocol stack based on layer theory. The popular wireless communication models are discussed, characteristics and features are also analyzed, which provide a guidance for designer.     

不同生态型小麦品种生长发育特性的研究

通过７个不同生态型的小麦品种在郑州４ａ１６个春、秋播期中的生育表现,提出了不同生态型品种在不同播期中的主茎叶片数,主茎叶龄等指标。如在秋播条件下的主茎叶片数春性品种为１２片,半冬性品种１３片,冬性品种１４片;主茎生长锥伸长时叶龄春性品种为３片左右,半冬性品种为４片左右,冬性品种为５片左右。     

Programming for Packing a Program Group

This paper discusses programming method used for displaying and amplifying chinese words on screen.It also describes the problems about music program. The package programmes consist of moving graphic program, music program amplification program and os on. For example about package program, there are three programmes with C Language.     

蕨类植物内生菌研究进展

植物内生菌是一种新的微生物资源,具有潜在和良好的应用前景。有关蕨类植物内生菌报道少。综述了蕨类植物内生菌的多样性、活性成分与功能研究进展。对植物内生菌作为重要天然药物新来源的前景及存在的问题进行了讨论。