齐卡兔的产肉性能及部分品种特征的测定

对齐卡配套系兔产肉性能及部分品种特性的测定，显示该兔具备良好的产肉性能。在三个品系（Ｇ、Ｎ、Ｚ）中，Ｇ、Ｎ系兔产肉量和板皮厚度优于Ｚ系。成年Ｇ、Ｎ兔全净膛屠宰率５４％～５５％，肉骨比６．３～６．８：１，胴体长４５．５厘米。Ｇ、Ｎ系兔板皮重量占胴体的３２％以上。４月龄Ｎ、Ｚ系兔屠宰率４８％左右，肉骨比５．２６～５。７９：１，胴体长３６厘米。Ｇ系兔外貌最大特点为耳长大（１６～１８厘米），宽８～９厘米，体长４５～６０厘米，头围大（１８～２３．５厘米）。Ｎ系兔耳长１１．６～１３厘宋，耳宽６．６～７厘米，头围１８～２２厘米，体长４１～５０厘米。Ｚ系头型、体躯清秀，头围１７～２０厘米，体长４１～４８．５厘米。三个品系染色体核型都为２ｎ＝４４条，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ定位于１３、１６、２０、２１号染色体上，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ均数分别为Ｇ系４．０３、Ｎ系１．９５、Ｚ系２．９８。     

颗粒细胞制备单层细胞时其浓度对牛早期胚胎体外发育的影响

应用颗粒细胞制备单层细胞时，将其浓度分为８组：６４×１０６、３２×１０６、１６×１０６、８×１０６、４×１０６、２×１０６、０．５×１０６、０个／ｍＬ，观察了不同浓度颗粒细胞对体外受精早期胚胎体外发育的影响。试验结果表明，制备单层细胞的适宜颗粒细胞浓度为（０．５～３２）×１０６个／ｍＬ，其中１６×１０６个／ｍＬ浓度组的囊胚率为４２．３±８．０％，明显高于对照组（２２．７±８．３％）及６４×１０６个／ｍＬ浓度组（２５．２±１２．Ｏ％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。就发育速度和胚胎质量而言，该组胚胎的发育较快且质量较好，而且标准差反映批与批之间结果较为稳定，是理想的做单层浓度。     

柠檬酸在仔猪饲料中的应用效果研究进展

柠檬酸（Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７·Ｈ２Ｏ，分子量１９２１２）是白色结晶颗粒或无色柱状结晶，易溶于水及乙醇，难溶于乙醚。离解常数为７５×１０－４，具有很好的热稳定性和与金属离子的配位性。１％溶液ｐＨ值为２３，融点１５３℃，温度过高则成为无水物，有强酸味。目前...     

商品肉兔杂交组合筛选试验

以比利时兔、丹麦白兔、新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、中国白兔、大耳白兔为亲本，进行品种间杂交组合筛选试验。通过对６个亲本１２个杂交组合繁殖性能和育肥性能的配合力测定，筛选出中♂×加♀、新♂×加♀、丹♂×大♀、大♂×比♀４个杂交组合为较优组合。上述４个组合为肉兔多品种杂交配套系提供了素材。     

限饲对肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

试验为６（限饲方式）×２（性别）的完全随机设计，每处理组４个重复，每重复１５只鸡。６种限饲方式为：（１）Ｒｅｓ－０（自由采食）；（２）Ｒｅｓ－１（第７日龄禁饲）　；（３）Ｒｅｓ－２（第７、１４日龄禁饲）　；（４）Ｒｅｓ－３（第７、１４、２１日龄禁饲）　；（５）Ｒｅｓ－４（第７、１４、２１、２８日龄禁饲）；（６）Ｒｅｓ－５（第７、１４、２１、２８、３５日龄禁饲）。禁饲指停饲２４　ｈ。结果４２日龄时处理１、２、３组间鸡体重无显著差异，但第４、５、６处理组体重明显低于１、２、３处理组（Ｐ＜　０．０５）…     

家禽解剖图谱(下)

图１７母鹅生殖器官１．卵巢２．漏斗部３．蛋白分泌部４．峡部５．子宫部６．阴道部７．泄殖腔８．肛门９．背侧系膜１０．腹侧系膜１１．盲肠１２．直肠图１４母鸭的生殖系统１．卵巢基２．发育中的卵泡３．接近成熟的卵泡４．喇叭部５．喇叭部入口６．蛋白分泌部７．峡部８．子宫（内有形成的蛋）９．阴道１０．泄殖腔１１．直肠１２．肛门图１５鹅体表部位名称１．上喙２．鼻孔３．肉瘤４．眼睑豁（豁鹅特有）５．颅顶部６．耳７．颈背区８．颈侧区９．颈腹区１０．背区１１．翼区１２．初级飞羽１３．尾背区１４．腹区１５．趾区１６．…     

孕酮和雌二醇对催产素诱发山羊前列腺素F2α分泌的影响

将１２只摘除卵巢后６～７周的山羊随机分为４组，按２×２因子实验设计进行处理。实验因子为：（１）肌肉注射孕酮（Ｐ４）：第１～５ｄ每天１０ｍｇ；第６～１２ｄ每天２０ｍｇ。（２）肌肉注射雌二醇（Ｅ２）：第１３ｄ２０μｇ第１４ｄ４０μｇ。对照处理则注射相应体积的玉米油。在第１５ｄ上午，给实验羊安置后腔静脉导管。经颈静脉给每只山羊注射１０Ｕ催产素（ＯＴ）。在注射ＯＴ前后经导管采１２份血样：─３０，─１０，─５，０，２，５，１０，１５，２０，３０，４５和６０ｍｉｎ时采样。用ＲＩＡ方法测定每份血样中的前列腺素Ｆ２α（ＰＧＦ２α）水平。在注射ＯＴ之前和注射后的４５和６０ｍｉｎ，血浆ＰＧＦ２α处于基础水平，各组间的差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在注射ＯＴ后的２～３０ｍｉｎ，Ｐ４＋Ｅ２组的ＰＧＦ２α水平极显著地高于其他３组（Ｐ＜０．０１），其他３组之间的ＰＧＦ２α水平差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｅ２组在注射ＯＴ之后也有明显的ＰＧＦ２α分泌活动。结果表明，山羊经用Ｅ２或用Ｐ４和Ｅ２先后处理后，ＯＴ可以引起子宫分泌ＰＧＦ２α。     

滨白鸡纯系及杂交组合的种群关系分析

采用中国科学院遗传研究所研制的A、B、C三个系统12个血型因子,分析滨白鸡7个纯系和5个杂交组合的种群关系。结果表明,12个群体可分为5个类。第一类包括5个纯系(No2、No7、No6、No3、No8)和2个杂交组合(5×2,7×8)。第二类包括5×6组合和No5系。第三类是4×2组合。第四类是5×4组合。第五类是No4系。不同类品系间遗传差异大,同一类品系则小。实际配合力测定得到的4×2.5×42.6×42优秀杂交组合均有一定的理论基础。     

猪数量性状位点和候选基因探测研究进展及展望

通过若干数量性状位点（ＱＴＬ）和候选基因分析已探明了与猪的一些重要经济性状有关的染色体区域和基因。它们包括与生长和背膘（第３、４、５、６、７、８、１３和１４号染色体）、肉质性状（第２、３、６、７、１２、１５号染色体）、繁殖性状（第４、６、７、８号染色体）有关的染色体区域，有关窝产仔数（ＥＳＲ，ＰＲＬＲ）、抗病力（ＦＵＴＩ，ＳＬＡ，ＮＲＡＭＰ）和毛色（ＫＩＴ、ＭＳＨＲ）的候选基因被被查明，目前，一些     

一表览全群——一个能直观成母牛群繁殖现状的统计表

２、奶牛繁殖现状统计表填写说明（１）预产月从左至右由近及远填写，第１格填写统计当月，如１９９６年１０、１１、１２、１９９７年１、２、３、４、５月。（２）实产月从上到下由近及远填写，第１格填统计时的上月，如：１９９６年９、８、７、６、５、４、３、２、１...     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.