微贮饲料发酵剂及微贮饲料技术

介绿了微贮饲料、青贮饲料及氨化饲料的加工原理及加工方法,并对其特点进行了比较。     

自动电位滴定仪测定饲料及饲料添加剂中氟化物的探讨

本文比较了自动电位滴定仪与pH计测定饲料及饲料添加剂中氟化物,自动电位滴定仪用于测定饲料及饲料添加剂中的氟化物具有较高的精密度和较高的准确性。     

Effects of oils on feed mildew and quality

This study was performed to determine the effects of oils on feed mildew and feed quality. Under different moisture content conditions (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feeds were supplemented with 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% soybean oil. In addition, at different moisture content levels (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feed was supplemented with 12% of various types of oil (soybean, peanut, corn and fish). Subsequently, a mixed mold spore suspension was added. The feed samples were incubated at 28°C, and the total mold, water activity (Aw), moisture, acid value, crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), crude ash (CA) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) levels were determined at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results showed no significant variations in the feed moisture, CP, CL, CA and NEF contents. However, the acid value gradually increased in the feed samples with an extended incubation time and increasing initial moisture. The feed moisture content was a critical factor controlling feed mildew, and high levels of oil supplementation caused an elevated Aw. Additionally, peanut oil promoted mold growth in feed. These results provide a reference for the production and scientific management of formulated feed.     

浅析当前饲料标签存在的主要问题

本文综述了饲料标签标准在执行中存在的问题、产生的原因及对饲料标签管理的建议。     

对发酵饲料、中药饲料等禁抗替代产品研制的研究

文章分析禁抗替代产品研制的背景,禁抗替代产品发酵饲料、中药饲料及中药饲料添加剂研制现状以及开发前景,发酵饲料的产品分类、发酵菌种及制作工艺和设备要求。中药处方药是中药饲料添加剂制作来源,制作中药渣发酵饲料是对中药渣资源化利用主要途径。重点介绍了防治仔猪腹泻白头翁汤饲料添加剂配比来源和治疗试验,试验表明:15%白头翁汤饲料添加剂对仔猪腹泻治愈率90.0%、平均治愈天数3.6 d,较氧氟沙星对照组治愈率94.0%、平均治愈天数2.8 d,较白头翁汤处方药组治愈率92.0%、平均治愈天数3.3 d,3组差异不显著(P0.05),15%白头翁汤饲料添加剂可以取替抗菌素和中药处方药。禁抗时代的到来,对从业人员提出了对发酵饲料、中药饲料添加剂知识更新更高的要求。     

功能饵料添加剂在水产养殖中的应用

本文综述了功能饵料添加剂的主要类型、基本性质、特殊功能和主要来源,并分析了功能饵料的发展趋势。     

脂肪酶及其在饲料中的应用

本文对脂肪酶的来源、性质、生产、检测及其在饲料中的应用研究作一综述。     

玉米DDGS在饲料中的应用

本文着重介绍了国内外玉米DDGS(谷物干酒糟及可溶物)的营养特性及其在饲料中的应用。     

我国饲料安全现状及其法律监督

我国饲料业从20世纪70年代发展伊始,由于养殖业、畜牧业蓬勃发展,刺激了饲料加工行业的生产效能,大量需求缺口也对饲料业的生产能力提出了更高的要求。目前我国饲料业已历经了40余年的发展变革,我国饲料业正向着正规化、科技化、自动化迈进,如今的饲料加工业已成为我国主要的生产加工行业之一,饲料生产加工质量直接影响畜牧业、养殖业的发展壮大,而饲料质量安全更关乎畜牧养殖业的命脉。现行的饲料法律已不能满足新经济环境下的饲料生产监督,我国亟需在立法、监督、执行等方面开拓饲料法律监管的新局面。     

Bacteriological quality of raw materials used in Finnish mink feed.

Mink feed raw materials were analyzed for total bacterial count, the number of faecal streptococci, the coliform count, the number of haemolytic bacteria and the number of sulphite reducing bacteria. The investigation comprised samples from the following raw materials: four slaughter-house offal products, preserved and unpreserved slaughter blood, Baltic herring, cod filletting offal, fish silage, blood meal, fish meal, meat-bone meal, protein concentrate, brewer’s yeast and cereal feed.The slaughter-house offals and unpreserved slaughter blood had the poorest quality, in terms of all the bacterial types for which the samples were analyzed. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial contents between slaughter-house offals from different sources. The preserved slaughter blood had significantly lower bacterial contents as compared to the unpreserved slaughter blood. Single samples of the cod filletting offal, Baltic herring and the blood meal had relatively high total bacterial counts, but the specified mean bacterial counts were relatively low. The bacterial counts for the rest of the investigated raw materials were relatively low.     

饲料中无机砷的测定初探

选用硫酸浸提样品中的无机砷,在10％硫酸介质中原子荧光测定无机砷。此方法回收率为96％-104％, 变异系数2．52％。结果表明,该方法准确、快速、简便。     

自配料与商品料对生长猪育肥效果比较

选用 12头平均体重 36 6± 0 9kg(P >0 0 5 )、日龄相近、健康的大约×清平二元杂交生长猪 ,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组处理 ,分别饲喂自配料 +自配添加剂、自配料、商品料进行试验 ,试验期为 4 0d。结果显示 :(1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组处理的料肉比分别为 3 5 3、3 5 7、3 80 ,Ⅰ组比Ⅲ组料肉比下降 7 1% ,Ⅱ组比Ⅲ组下降 6 1% ;饲料成本下降 18 8%。 3组间的平均日增重无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 (2 )增重营养成本 ,DE :Ⅰ组比Ⅲ组下降 5 0 % ,Ⅱ组比Ⅲ组下降 4 0 % ;CP :Ⅰ组比Ⅲ组下降 5 0 % ,Ⅱ组比Ⅲ组下降 3 6 %。     

饲料中磺胺二甲基嘧啶的测定

用对-二甲氨基苯甲醛作显色剂,采用分光光度法测定饲料中磺胺二甲基嘧啶,最小检测量为0.05mg/kg,平均回收率分别为99.2%,变异系数≤5%,且该方法具有操作简便、快速,试剂消耗少,结果准确、离散程度小等优点。     

饲料间的组合效应及其在配方设计中的应用

就日粮中各饲料间的相互作用在消化道与组织代谢层次产生的正、负组合效应及其营养代谢机理进行了综述。指出现行日粮配方技术与饲料评定以各饲料原料间营养值的“可加性”为基础的不合理性,以及饲料间的组合效应没有引起足够重视的原因是现行的饲料常规分析方法不能反映饲料在动物体内的组合效应,从而有必要建立基于动物的饲料评定体系。研究就如何在日粮配方设计中通过日粮配合来调控饲料间的组合效应、避免饲料间的负组合效应、最大限度地发挥饲料间的正组合效应以提高饲料的营养价值及其在开发利用我国众多非粮饲料上的意义进行了讨论。     

小麦蛋白粉在饲料中的应用

综述了小麦蛋白粉的基本营养特性及其在动物生产中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了分析.     

Chewing patterns and digestion in sheep submitted to feed restriction

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationship among the level of feed intake, chewing pattern, and diet digestibility in sheep fed a moderate‐concentrate diet. The first experiment was conducted using six male lambs at a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate diet digestibility and microbial N synthesis according to the level of intake: ad libitum, or restricted to either 70 or 55% of the ad libitum intake. In the second experiment, fifteen male lambs were housed in individual stalls, in a completely randomized design, and fed one of the three levels of dry matter intake (DMI). Chewing patterns were then evaluated for 24 h using a regular 5‐min interval observation technique, two times during the experimental period. Decreasing level of feed intake resulted in increased apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fibre, as well as of the true digestibility of organic matter. Total time spent eating and ruminating decreased with feed restriction. However, lambs fed at restricted levels of intake presented a higher rate of eating (g DMI/min) than those fed ad libitum, and spent more time ruminating each gram of DM (min/g DMI). In conclusion, our results suggest that a more effective chewing during rumination activity can have an important role on feed digestion in animals submitted to feed restriction.