自走式多用途青贮秸秆饲料日粮混合一体机的设计与研究

对在青贮秸秆饲料全混合日粮制备过程中存在的,由人工或多个单机进行青贮饲料除膜、破捆、取料、搅拌、撒料喂养的问题,研发具有自动抓捆破膜、智能计量取料、自动计量精料、混合搅拌、牛舍内自动撒料等多项功能组合于一体的自走式青贮秸秆饲料日粮混合一体机。实现青贮饲料日粮制备自动化、智能化和数字化。     

自解捆式果园秸秆覆盖机设计与试验

针对果园秸秆覆盖机不适应捆状秸秆、装载量小以及覆土装置易被碎石卡死问题,设计了一种自解捆式果园秸秆覆盖机。该机型由履带底盘、料箱、解捆铺料装置和覆土装置等组成。解捆铺料装置为齿带式结构,安装于料箱后部。为适应多种秸秆捆尺寸,提高抓料解捆能力和铺料均匀性,通过对解捆铺料过程分析确定了解捆铺料装置高度、倾角和齿带转速等关键参数范围;为了实现切绳和破捆过程滑切减阻,设计了三角形拨料刀齿,并基于刀齿对秸秆的扰动区域分析,对刀齿排布进行了设计;设计了一种双向对抛式覆土装置,同步对秸秆层进行薄土盖压。试验结果表明：覆盖机的秸秆装载量提高到原来的3.1倍;当覆盖机车速在0.8~1.4km/h,解捆铺料装置齿带转速在180~240r/min时,秸秆覆盖层厚度为5.1~18.1cm（标准差小于等于3.4cm）,薄土盖压层厚度为2.3~4.0cm,无卡死现象,满足作业要求;建立的秸秆覆盖厚度模型决定系数为0.9672。该机实现了秸秆解捆、行间覆盖与薄土盖压一体化作业。     

切捆除膜机的设计与模态分析

拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料是目前世界上畜牧业发达国家较流行的一种青贮技术。青贮专用塑料膜是一种很薄的、具有黏性、专为裹包草捆而研制的优质可伸缩膜,将收割好的新鲜牧草经打捆机高密度打捆,然后通过专用拉伸膜进行缠绕裹包,在发酵所需的厌氧环境下形成优质饲草料。裹包青贮是一种先进的青贮调制工艺,不仅可以保持新鲜草料的营养成分,还可以提高粗蛋白含量,降低粗纤维,促进消化率明显提高,而且适口性好,并可以在野外不同气候条件下长期保存1~2年。针对人工手动或多个功能单一机械移除青贮圆捆或方捆塑料拉伸膜而造成的工序多、效率低以及成本高等问题,提出一种能将青贮捆集运输、切捆、除膜和装料等多项功能优化组合于一体的切捆除膜方法,并以此设计了一种切捆除膜机,同时运用Ansys Workbench仿真软件对切割装置进行前6阶模态分析。     

双轴卧式日粮混合机加工质量影响因素试验

对影响双轴卧式全混合日粮混合机加工质量的主要结构与运动参数、物料特性及装料顺序等因素进行了试验研究.提出了评价全混合日粮混合加工质量的指标--日粮混合均匀度及粒度.通过试验得出了其结构与运动参数、物料的主要特性、物料装料顺序对全混合日粮混合加工质量的影响规律.结果表明,日粮含水率适宜范围为30%～60%,物料的合理装料顺序为作物秸秆、青贮、干草、精料.     

自走式肉羊饲喂机的设计与试验

介绍了自走式肉羊饲喂机的主要结构组成及工作原理。为研究其工作性能,选取多浪羊为试验对象,采用饲喂机加工后的全混合日粮进行饲喂,以肉羊增重和饲料残留量为试验指标开展试验。试验结果表明:自走式肉羊饲喂机加工的全混合日粮变异系数为8.9%,混合均匀度为91.1%,饲料搅拌混合均匀,满足肉羊饲料食用要求;对于肉羊养殖,采用全混合日粮自由采食饲养方式较人工分饲方式增重效果极显著(P0.01);饲料残留量减少极显著(P0.01)。本自走式肉羊饲喂机的研制满足了肉羊饲喂的要求,可以提高经济效益。     

全混合日粮(TMR)搅拌机的种类与应用

对全混合日粮(TMR)搅拌机的种类、结构形式、性能特点及应用过程中的技术要点、注意事项进行了深入的分析与评价,以期为广大牛场在采用全混合日粮(TMR)这一先进的饲喂方式时能够正确选择和使用全混合日粮(TMR)搅拌机提供一定的参考依据。     

一种青贮饲料取料粉碎机的设计

针对新疆地区冬季因气温过低导致青贮饲料难以从窖池中取用等问题,设计并研制一种基于小型化、廉价的青贮取料粉碎装置。该装置主要由取料刀滚、电机传动系统、青贮饲料输送系统以及液压支撑系统组成。该装置结构简单轻便、易于操作、环境污染小、输送能力强、工作效率高,解决广大农牧民在寒冷冬季难以从窖池取用饲料的问题。同时,项目的研究成果对于同类型的青贮取料粉碎机的设计和研发具有一定的参考价值。     

青贮秸秆圆捆打捆机的设计与试验

为适应秸秆饲料化应用需求,解决农作物秸秆长时间储存易发生霉变和腐烂的问题,设计了一种青贮秸秆圆捆打捆机,可实现对青贮秸秆的高密度缠网打捆,并配合包膜机包膜处理,形成易储存、易消化吸收的高品质秸秆发酵饲料.为此,进行了青贮秸秆圆捆打捆机的总体结构、关键部件的结构设计,并通过试验验证了设计的可行性.     

9RZH-80秸秆揉切混料机

9RZH-80秸秆揉切混料机是一种集揉搓、铡切和混料为一体的新型立式粗饲料加工机械.它可以把玉米秸、豆秸、薯类藤蔓等茎秆类原料揉切成柔软丝带状物料,适于饲喂牛、羊、鹿、骆驼等牲畜;还可以把这些茎秆类原料和其他块状物料及谷物精料配制成全价混合饲料.目前市场上粗饲料的加工机具只有单功能的铡切机、秸秆揉搓机和饲料混合机.     

WM1071型牵引式青贮圆捆包膜机的研究

设计了由动力输入装置、行走底盘、转接架、配重架、送膜机构、夹膜切膜机构、包膜层数控制机构、转台部件、夹抱机构和液压系统等组成的青贮圆捆包膜机,简述了青贮圆捆包膜机的工作原理以及关键部件的结构设计等。同时,对青贮圆捆包膜机的运动参数进行了设计计算。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.