不同枣品种抗寒性的比较

采用电导法,在萌芽前后对‘冬枣’、‘金丝小枣’、‘泗洪大枣’、‘木枣’、‘龙爪枣’和‘临沂梨枣’6个枣树品种的枝条进行抗寒性研究,以了解不同枣树品种的抗寒性,寻找优良的抗寒资源。结果表明:6个枣树品种萌芽前后的的抗寒性表现差异较大,萌芽前的抗寒性强弱顺序为:‘泗洪大枣’‘木枣’‘临沂梨枣’‘金丝小枣’≈‘龙爪枣’‘冬枣’,萌芽后的抗寒性强弱顺序为:‘冬枣’‘龙爪枣’≈‘临沂梨枣’‘金丝小枣’≈‘泗洪大枣’≈‘木枣’。     

5个苹果矮化砧木品种的抗寒性测定

为了筛选出抗寒性强、适合伊犁河谷的优良苹果矮化砧木,作者以5个苹果矮化砧木品种的一年生休眠枝条为试验材料,在不同低温处理下,通过电导法对其电解质渗出率进行测定,应用Logistic方程求得它们的低温半致死温度(LT50),结合不同低温处理休眠枝条的冻害分级,研究不同砧木品种的抗寒性。结果表明:5个苹果矮化砧木休眠枝条电解质渗出率随着处理温度的降低,呈"S"型曲线变化,它们的半致死温度为-27.87~-35.35℃,抗寒性强弱次序为KM23、俄396、俄176、SH1、M26。     

电导法测定西洋梨的抗寒性研究

以1a生枝条为试材,对6个西洋梨品种进行了电解质渗出率测定,应用 Logistic 方程建立回归模型;确定半致死温度在低温持续24 h为-23.42～-26.86℃;48 h为-27.32～-33.21℃;72 h为-28.27～-32.23℃之间,6个西洋梨的抗寒性由强到弱依次为:八月红＞巴梨＞早巴梨＞红巴梨＞五九香＞红安久;相关系数介于0.9527～0.9909之间,表明不同低温持续时间的电解质渗出率遵循 Logistic 方程的变化规律,且与半致死温度呈线性关系.     

几个杏品种的抗寒性测定

通过对引进的5个优质杏品种进行多梯度低温和时间交互胁迫处理,测定各品种相关生理指标,研究不同胁迫时间和胁迫温度对各品种的影响,分析并筛选出3个抗寒性较强的杏品种,可用于推广.以从山东引进的‘玉杏’‘红丰’‘凯特’‘红太阳’‘大棚王’5个品种一年生枝条为试验材料,对其分别进行0、-25、-30、-35和-40℃5个低温处理,以0℃下的枝条为对照,研究在逆境条件下枝条的抗寒生理指标电解质渗出率、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化.电解质渗出率、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均随温度的降低而增高.5个优质杏品种的半致死温度,‘玉杏’为-41.65℃、‘红丰’为-35.33℃、‘凯特’为-34.38℃、‘红太阳’为-34.06℃、‘大棚王’为-31.40℃.抗寒力强弱顺序为‘玉杏’‘红丰’‘凯特’‘红太阳’‘大棚王’.     

朝阳地区枣树优良品种介绍

枣树原产于我国黄河中下游地区,与杏、桃、李、栗并称为我国古代五果,已有3 000多年的栽培历史.在漫长的培育和选择过程中,积累了丰富的种质资源.朝阳市林业技术推广站在全国范围内开展了枣树种质资源的调查,仅朝阳地区枣树新品种就达30余个.依据初选枣树品种的物候期、数量性状、经济性状和抗逆性等方面的测定与分析,筛选出适于朝阳地区的枣树优良品种有‘大平顶枣"小平顶枣"大铃铛枣"三星枣’‘赞黄大枣"金丝蜜枣"梨枣’等,山枣优良品种有山枣1号、山枣2号、山枣3号、山枣4号和山枣5号等.现简介如下.     

辽西半干旱地区不同品种枣树气体交换及荧光生理特征

枣树是辽西半干旱地区主要的生态-经济型树种之一,研究其生理特征对该地区经济林产业发展具有重要意义。以辽西朝阳地区不同品种枣树为试材,采用Li-6400P光合测定系统对其气体交换指标及荧光生理指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明:各品种枣树的气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)及叶片光能利用率(LUE)等指差异显著,在枣树的光能利用水平方面,"大铃铛枣"、"大平顶枣"及"金丝王枣"均强于"三星枣"和"金丝蜜枣";各品种枣树荧光特性差异显著,"大铃铛枣"和"大平顶枣"的Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm值均大于"三星枣"、"金丝蜜枣"及"金丝王枣";根据不同品种枣树光化学猝灭(qP)系数及非光化学猝灭(NPQ)系数,判定各枣树品种适应环境进行初级生产的能力由小到大排序为"三星枣""金丝蜜枣""金丝王枣""大铃铛枣""大平顶枣";各品种枣树对强光的适应能力由大到小的排序为"大平顶枣""金丝蜜枣""大铃铛枣""金丝王枣""三星枣"。综合上述判定,"大平顶枣"、"大铃铛枣"及"金丝王枣"光化学性能要强于"金丝蜜枣"和"三星枣"。     

河南省新郑市枣树研究所

本所专业从事枣树科研生产,已有长达二十八年的历史。本所长年为您提供以下良种枣苗:制干类有灰枣、八月鲜、九月红、鸡心枣、大枣王、金丝大枣、金丝4号、金丝6号、壶瓶枣、无核枣、马枣;鲜食类有冬枣、雪枣、梨枣、鸡蛋枣、芒果枣、骏枣、晋枣;观赏品种有龙须枣、胎里红、葫芦枣、辣椒枣、茶壶枣、磨盘枣、羊奶枣、婆婆枣等,均为全国名特优品种,并可供125个枣品种接穗。价格优惠,欢迎前来联系订购洽谈合作。     

枣树树干涂药控长促花试验初报

近几年，豫北枣区大面积引进枣树新品种，例如‘雪枣’‘冬枣’‘金丝4号’等。这些品种须环剥才能坐果，但枣农对环剥的宽度和时期掌握不好，导致枣树坐果率仍然不高。为此，我们试图用生长调节剂涂干代替环剥，结果是理想的。     

黑龙江省5个主栽葡萄品种抗寒性鉴定

鉴定分析了黑龙江省5个葡萄品种1年生枝条解剖结构、电解质渗出率、可溶性糖含量等与葡萄抗寒性的关系。结果表明,供试葡萄品种抗寒性从强到弱为:贝达>京秀>京亚>U-尼昆>无核白;枝条电解质渗出率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、脂肪酸含量与抗寒性均呈正相关。     

不同甜樱桃品种枝条电导率的测定

测定了10个甜樱桃品种1年生枝条在不同低温处理过程中电解质渗出率的变化情况。结果表明．被测甜樱桃品种1年生枝条的电解质渗出率均随着温度的降低而增大；品种间对于低温的敏感程度不同，枝条的电解质渗出率存在着不同程度的差异。推测供试科樱桃品种的枝条平均冻害半致死温度在-30℃- -35℃之间；10个甜樱桃品种中抗寒能力较高的品种为胜利、早大果和红艳。抗寒能力较低的品种为短枝斯特拉、红灯、拉宾斯，友谊和意大利早红。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。