环境条件对重庆垫江药用牡丹丹皮产量与品质的影响

以垫江地区长期栽培的2个药用牡丹品种—"太平红"和"凤丹白"为试验材料,从幼苗移栽开始,分品种对它们进行环境条件对丹皮产量与品质影响情况的分组试验(根据环境条件不同,每个品种分28组,每组30株)。结果表明:从平均单株产量来看,"太平红"的高产环境主要有海拔600～700m的石骨子土向阳缓坡等6种类型,其平均单株产量都在12g以上,"凤丹白"的高产环境主要有海拔700～750m的黄沙土向阳斜坡等7种类型,其平均单株产量都在11.8g以上;在各个环境因素中,影响丹皮产量的主要是海拔高度、坡度和土壤条件,坡向的影响不明显;环境条件对丹皮品质的影响情况与对产量的影响情况基本一致,但"凤丹白"的丹皮品质整体上好于"太平红"。     

牡丹常见品种花瓣中主要营养成分与食用安全性分析

以洛阳牡丹常见的5个品种"凤丹白"、"日暮"、"赵粉"、"红株女"和"粉中冠"为试材,研究其盛花期花瓣中总糖、总蛋白、维生素C和5种元素(砷、铜、钒、硒、铬)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力。结果表明:5个牡丹品种花瓣中均含有丰富的糖类、蛋白质和维生素C,并具有较高的SOD活力。"凤丹白"和"日暮"花瓣中砷元素、"赵粉"花瓣中硒元素、"红株女"和"粉中冠"花瓣中铬元素含量均略高于国家食品卫生标准中对蔬菜的限量标准,而作为粮食加工食品时,5个牡丹品种花瓣中的砷、铜、钒、硒、铬元素含量均低于或远低于国家限量标准。     

植物维他命(ACT-2)对水蜜桃果实抗病性及品质的影响

以大团蜜露、新凤蜜露和湖景蜜露等上海水蜜桃果实为试材,探讨植物维他命(ACT-2)对3个品种桃单果重、可溶性固形物含量和病虫果率的影响。结果表明:大团蜜露ACT-2处理的果实可溶性固形物含量极显著高于对照(P0.01),病虫果率处理的极显著低于对照(P0.01),平均单果重处理的显著高于对照(P0.05);新凤蜜露ACT-2处理的果实病虫果率显著低于对照(P0.05),而平均单果重和可溶性固形物含量二者无显著差异(P0.05);湖景蜜露ACT-2处理的果实仅平均单果重显著高于对照(P0.05),而可溶性固形物和病虫果率含量二者无显著差异(P0.05)。     

反光膜和摘叶处理对“红地球”葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响

以6年生"红地球"葡萄为试材,研究了铺设反光膜、摘叶以及铺膜结合摘叶处理(以常规管理植株为对照)对"红地球"葡萄结果部位光合特性及果实品质(葡萄果穗及果粒性状、产量、硬度、可溶性固形物及总酸、总酚、单宁、总花色素含量)以及感官评价的影响,为渭北地区"红地球"葡萄优质标准化生产提供参考依据。结果表明:铺膜和摘叶处理均可提高葡萄结果部位叶片的光合速率,铺膜处理比对照提高17.68%,摘叶处理比对照提高31.11%,而铺膜+摘叶处理比对照提高58.08%,铺膜+摘叶处理相对于铺膜或摘叶处理表现出了显著的叠加效应。铺膜和摘叶以及铺膜+摘叶处理可显著增大果粒的横纵径及单果质量、显著增加果实可溶性固形物含量,同时果形指数未发生显著变化。摘叶处理可显著提高果皮中总酚、单宁及花色素含量,相比对照分别提高了13.22%、41.94%和33.03%;而铺膜处理及铺膜+摘叶处理对总酚及花色素含量无显著影响。铺膜、摘叶及铺膜+摘叶处理相比对照均显著提高了"红地球"葡萄的感官评价得分。     

摘花提高红象牙杜坐果率技术初探

杧果生产是田阳县右江河谷一带的支柱产业之一,栽培面积（0．67万hm^2）远大于其它旱地作物,销售杧果果品收入已占果农收入的1／2以上。在种植的柁果品种中,红象牙杜是一大宗品种,产量占柁果产量的50％以上。多年来红象牙杧表现为坐果率不高、产量不稳、果实偏大、鲜销不畅等缺点,影响了果农的收入。也影响了该品种产量潜力的发挥。为了摸索提高红象牙杧坐果率的方法,笔者进行了应用摘花技术提高红象牙杧坐果率的试验。     

多效唑对粉蕉农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

为探讨PP333对粉蕉产量及品质的影响,在金粉1号粉蕉品种苗期淋施PP333,以淋施清水为对照(CK),于收获期测量粉蕉茎、叶、果等部位的性状指标,采用分光光度计及滴定法测定果实品质。结果表明,在金粉1号叶鞘处和植株周围淋施PP333(T1和T2处理),其植株高度分别为3.70m和3.32m,极显著低于CK(P0.01),叶片厚度增加0.13~0.16 mm,极显著厚于CK;T2处理的叶间距比CK减少4.38 cm,且差异极显著;果穗长和周长、果指外弧及内弧长、产量和品质等指标与CK差异不显著(P0.05)。试验结果为粉蕉的矮化栽培提供参考依据。     

牡丹南移福建栽培春节催花品种筛选试验初报

以闽东地区高山试种适应的牡丹苗木为试材,开展春节催花品种筛选试验。结果表明:闽东地区高海拔山区(800 m)种植牡丹,可以进行春节催花栽培,生产年霄高档牡丹盆花;适宜的催花品种有‘鲁荷红’、‘洛阳红’和‘唇红’,不适合的催花品种有‘花王’和‘凤丹白’;上盆催花正常管理2周左右,若花芽还未显蕾,则可采取剥鳞芽+赤霉素处理技术进行补救,提高催花效果。     

石榴果实膨大期2种施肥方式对产量和品质的影响

以泰山红石榴为试材,于8月中旬果实膨大期进行一次性配方施肥与常规施肥试验,研究对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,配方施肥较习惯施肥能提高果实品质,可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量极显著高,总酸含量极显著低,果个极显著大,但产量并无显著差异。     

遮阴对番茄产量与品质的影响

以番茄品种"粉果番茄"和"西粉3号"为试材,研究了不同遮阴处理对番茄植株生长发育以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:随着光照强度的减弱,番茄徒长、细弱,产量下降,品质降低;不同番茄品种对弱光的耐受性不一致,"粉果番茄"耐受性明显低于"西粉3号",且不同生长时期进行遮阴处理对番茄的影响也不同,花期影响最大。透光20%处理严重抑制番茄植株的正常生长。     

保花保果对不同品种澳洲坚果产量及品质的影响

采用完全随机设计,对品种294、H2、900进行了保花保果措施对产量及品质影响的试验研究,结果表明:不同品种的产量及品质差异均达极显著水平(F＞F0.01),品种900、294的产量极显著高于品种H2,其平均产量分别为7.45 kg/株、6.48 kg/株,而品种H2的平均产量为2.09 kg/株.品种294的一级果仁率极显著高于品种H2、900,其一级果仁率平均为91%,品种H2为75%,品种900为74%.保花保果措施对产量的影响差异达极显著水平(F＞F0.01),盛花期喷施5000 mg/L的硼砂溶液和5000 mg/L尿素 5000 mg/L磷酸二氢钾的混合溶液,3个品种的产量均高于对照,品种294分别提高152.69%和88.79%;品种H2分别提高1049.43%和88.79%;品种900分别提高130.78%和109.45%.保花保果措施对品质的影响不大且差异不显著(F＜F0.05).盛花期喷施5 000mg/L的硼砂和5000 mg/L尿素 5 000 mg/L磷酸二氢钾的混合溶液,3个品种的产量及一级果仁率,相对于其它措施都较高.     

Effect of glycine on body weight and lipid metabolism in mice

AIM: To study the effect of glycine on body weight and lipid metabolism in mice. METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into four groups, control, high-fat diet group (HF), glycine group (Gly), and glycine treatment group (Gly+HF). The mice were fed with normal diet and high-fat diet for 12 days, respectively, and then were treated with glycine solution by intraperitoneal injection. Finally, the serum was collected to measure serum lipid, epididymal fat-pads, pararenal fat-pads and abdominal fat-pads were taken out to weight. Moreover, pathologic changes in liver were observed. RESULTS: The body weight of HF group was obviously lower than that in control; the body weight and adipose tissue content of Gly group were obviously lower than those in control; the body weight and adipose tissue content of Gly+HF group were obviously lower than those in HF group; the levels of TC and TG in Gly group were obviously lower than those in control; there was no statistical difference in serum lipid between Gly+HF and HF groups. In addition, marked hepatic steatosis in HF group, and slight hepatic steatosis in Gly+HF group were found. CONCLUSION: Gly can decrease the body weight and adipose tissue content and serum lipid in normal diet and high-fat diet mice, and it also can prevent hepatic steatosis.     

钾营养对菜薹（菜心）炭疽病发生和植株防御酶活性的影响

通过接种炭疽病菌,测定了不同钾营养水平下菜薹的抗病品种和感病品种的病情指数、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性。结果表明,不同钾营养水平处理的菜薹炭疽病发病程度均比对照轻,病情指数明显下降,钾营养处理明显增加了菜薹对炭疽病的抗性水平。随着钾营养处理水平的提高,抗病品种的PAL活性、PPO活性都呈上升趋势,而钾营养处理的POD活性则低于对照|感病品种的PAL活性、PPO活性、POD活性都呈先上升后下降趋势,酶活性在中K处理时达到最高。     

不同时期重截对大十果桑生长结果的影响

采果结束后对大十果桑结果母枝重截是其夏季修剪的主要内容。结果表明：采果结束时立即对结果母枝留3～4节重截提高次年产量和品质、减小树体、增强树势的综合效果最好。重截过迟,会严重削弱树势,造成次年大幅减产。叶果兼用时,为了克服因集中重截而造成断叶现象,可以在采果结束后30 d以内分期分批对结果母枝重截,对次年产量和品质的影响较小。     

新疆北疆文冠果早花、晚花高产类群与春季低温冻害抗性的比较

以新疆木垒县筛选出的早花和晚花2类文冠果优良高产类群为试材,于2008～2010年系统观测了这2类文冠果类群的物候期和种籽产量,分析2008～2010年新疆北疆遭遇春季低温冻害天气对早花和晚花2类文冠果类群结实率的影响,筛选出能抵御春季低温冻害的文冠果高产类群。结果表明:同一文冠果类群不同年份的物候因春季低温冻害的影响而明显推后;2类文冠果类群的盛花期存在明显差异,早花文冠果类群比晚花文冠类群盛花期要早8～14d;2008～2010年春季低温冻害天气对晚花文冠果类群的产量影响幅度要低于早花文冠果类群,对早花文冠果类群的种籽产量影响很大,减产或绝收。晚花文冠果高产类群在抵御春季低温冻害和保持高产方面具有重要的应用价值。     

种子贮藏方法和播种期对费约果出苗的影响

采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究了种子贮藏方法和播种期对费约果出苗的影响。结果表明:种子贮藏方法和播种期对费约果出苗情况的影响较大,采果后立即取出种子,于清水中漂洗24 h后播种,播种至出苗天数为11 d,出苗率为93%,优于其余各处理出苗情况。     

Relationships of β-AR and GRK2 in lung,lung injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis and therapeutic effect by methlyprednisolone

AIM: To investigate the variation of β-AR in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and variation of GRK2 in lung and to explore the therapeutic effect of methlyprednisolone in severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury model in rats.METHODS: 36 rats were divided into three groups randomly: the control group,the experimental group,and the intervention group.In the experimental group,severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury model was induced in SD rats by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct.In the control group,laparotomy was performed,duodenum and pancreas were flipped only.In the intervention group,methlyprednisolone (30 mg/kg) was injected into rump muscle of rats after model developed.At 6 and 12 h after model was developed,the maximum binding capacity (B_max) and the K_d value of β-AR were detected in lung by means of radioactive ligand binding assay.GRK2 expression was detected in lung by means of immunofluorescence.RESULTS: The scores of the severity of pancreatitis and the severity of lung injury in the experimental group were obviously higher than those in control group.In the experimental group,Bmax was obviously lower,K_d and GRK2 were obviously higher than those in control group and the intervention group.CONCLUSION: The β-AR in lung is lower down and GRK2 expression in lung is up-regulated in severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury model in rats.The therapeutic effect of methlyprednisolone to severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury is positive.     

Protective effect of panaxadiols against brain injury induced by LPS through inhibiting NOS activity and p38 expression

AIM: To explore the protective effect of panaxadiols (PDS) on brain injury induced by endotoxin and its mechanism. METHODS: Rats were divided into control,LPS,LPS+dexamethasone (DEX) and LPS+PDS group, respectively. NOS activity, NO content and phosphorylated p38 expression in brain cortex were assayed 4 h after intravenous injection of LPS. RESULTS: NOS activity, NO content and phosphorylated p38 expression in brain cortex in LPS group were obviously higher than those in LPS group. NOS activity, NO content and phosphorylated p38 expression in brain cortex in LPS+DEX and LPS +PDS groups were obviously lower than those in LPS group. CONCLUSION: The protective effects of PDS against brain injury induced endotoxin may be related to decreasing NOS activity, NO content in the brain tissue, and this process is involved in p38MAPKs signal transduction.     

Effect of pentoxifylline on caspases expression in islet beta-cells of NOD mice

AIM: To investigate the intervention effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on type 1 diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic (NOD)mice and explore its possible mechanism.METHODS: Eight-week-old NOD mice were treated with PTX to investigate the incidence of cyclophosphamide accelerating diabetes.The apoptosis of beta-cells was detected by TUNEL,the expressions of caspase-3 in islet of the NOD mice was checked by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of caspase-8 was determined by RT-PCR.RESULTS: The incidence of diabetes in PTX group was 40.63%,which was obviously lower than 69.70% in the control group (P<0.05). Apoptosis index of beta-cells was 4.80% in PTX group and was 9.04% in control group,of which the former was lower than the latter (P<0.01).The expression of caspase-3 in islet of the mice in PTX group was much lower than that in control group,and the expression of caspase-8 mRNA in pancreas in PTX group were also markedly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: PTX prevents NOD mice from developing type 1 diabetes,which may be related to the downregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 expressions in pancreas and then the decrease of beta-cell apoptosis.     

高品质番茄比较试验

为丰富嘉善县番茄品种,通过引进4个高品质番茄与嘉善县大面积种植品种进行对比试验。结果表明:引进的大果型番茄浙粉712和浙粉716虽然产量较当地番茄品种惠福低,但果实口感较好,且大小均匀,整齐度较好,适合在当地进行一定面积的推广;引进的中果型番茄光辉101和樱桃番茄浙樱粉1号,果实大小均匀、口感好、番茄风味浓,且生长势强,经济效益突出,667 m~2产值较当地菜用番茄高出12 000～18 000元,适合采摘或短途运输销售。     

Change of Gq-phosphoinositide signaling pathway in left ventricular tissue in rats with chronic heart failure and reverse effect of benazepril on it

AIM: To investigate the changes of Gq-phosphoinositide pathway in left ventricular tissue of rats with chronic heart failure in order to assess the role of this signal pathway in the formation of heart failure. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawle rats were divided into three groups: control, chronic heart failure and benazepril therapy group. Chronic heart failure was induced with adriamycin. Rats in benazepril group received benazepril 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 and adriamycin at the same time. Hemodynamic measurement was carried out after 4 weeks. The expression of Gα q/11 protein in left ventricle was detected by Western blotting analysis and activity of phospholipase C was measured by the method of hydrolysis of nuclear substrate. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the ±dp/dtmax in chronic heart failure group significantly decreased, and protein Gα q/11 expression, basic and stimulated phospholipase C activity significantly increased (P<0.01). The ±dp/dtmax in benazepril group was significantly lower than that in control but obviously higher than that in chronic heart failure group (P<0.05). Gα q/11 expression, basic and stimulated phospholipase C activity in benazepril group were significantly higher than those in control but obviously lower than those in heart failure group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Gq-phosphoinositide signaling pathway may play a role in the formation of chronic heart failure. Benazepril partialy attenuates the activation of phosphoinositide signaling pathway.