大学生英语学习动机、策略、歧义容忍度对学业成绩影响的实证研究

大学生英语学习动机、策略、歧义容忍度及人口统计学变量中,学习者的性别、学校类型、专业、形式操练策略因子、母语策略因子及歧义容忍度7个预测变量对英语成绩有显著的预测作用,路径分析得到6条显著路径对学业成绩可达。其中,歧义容忍度和学习策略是影响学业成绩的两个直接变量,同时学习策略又作为歧义容忍度和学习动机影响学业成绩的一个中介变量存在,而学习动机对学业成绩并不构成直接影响。     

碎片化移动微学习在兽医微生物学课程教学中的应用

兽医微生物学是动物医学本科课程体系中的一门专业基础课,涉及内容广,知识更新快。有限的课堂时间无法满足学生对学科前沿知识的学习期待,传统填鸭式的教学模式不能有效发挥学生的主动性,从而影响教学质量的提高。基于智能手机的碎片化移动微学习,由于迎合了娱乐式学习和终身学习的需求,目前已广泛应用于外语类文科课程的教学过程中,但在微生物学等非文科类专业尚未全面推广。介绍了碎片化移动微学习的概念和研究现状,分析了其在兽医微生物学教学中的应用,以期为相关学科的教学改革提供参考。     

ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVING VETERINARY MEDICAL STUDENTS' LEARNING OF CLINICAL SONOGRAPHY

With the widespread clinical use of sonography there is a need to introduce the topic into the curriculum. A new problem-based course in clinical sonography without lectures was developed to emphasise experiential learning, and engage students actively in individual and collective acts of discovery. Four different approaches were used to deliver the new course to 141 veterinary medical students over four semesters. The physical principles of sonography were taught by computer-assisted instruction and a practical class, clinical examinations were introduced during a session with a tutor, and finally each student wrote an essay on a sonographic topic of their choice. To evaluate the new course, students' responses to a questionnaire were analyzed. Students gained reasonable understanding of the physical principles of sonography and had some confidence in conducting a sonographic examination of an animal. Of most use to student learning was discussion with the teachers. Surprisingly, half the students thought the topic should also be taught by lectures. The students learned the material and acquired the sonographic skills through processes which required more independence and self-responsibility than traditional teaching methods. The teachers' interaction with students on an individual basis, as they encountered individual problems, was the most important resource in learning about sonography. The continued request for lectures suggests an insecurity in some students caught between two different paradigms of teaching and learning (experiential, problem-based learning versus lectures).     

大学英语教学中构建英语运用能力的教学模式——北京农学院中英项目英语教学改革的思考和实践

夯实学生英语语言基础，激活学生英语语言能力，培养和提高学生英语运用能力，这是大学英语教学的核心。文中在研习西方语言学者关于语言知识和能力，语言运用能力研究成果的基础上，将建构主义学习理论和任务型教学理论应用于北京农学院中英合作项目大学英语教学，转变教学观念，调整教学目标，充实教学内容，细化教学管理，建立培养学生英语运用能力的大学英语教学模式，为学生的国际交流学习奠定语言基础。     

Learning strategies and the social brain: Missing elements in the link between developmental stress,song and cognition?

Bird songs may advertise aspects of cognition because song learning and learning speed in cognitive tasks are both affected by early‐life environments. However, such relationships remain ambiguous in the literature. Here, I discuss 2 lines of research that may help to demystify links between song learning and cognition. First, learning strategies should be considered when assessing performance to ensure that individual differences in learning ability are not masked by individual differences in learning strategies. Second, song characteristics should be associated with social behavior because songs have a social purpose and, consequently, should be strongly related at functional and neural levels. Finally, if song learning and cognitive abilities are correlated because they develop concurrently and/or share or compete for the same resources, I discuss ways glucocorticoids may link early‐life stress, song learning and cognitive ability, focusing particularly on oxidative stress as a potential mechanism.     

高校图书馆与学习型社会的互动效应

21世纪是学习型社会,高校图书馆作为终身学习的资源中心,要积极适应社会发展的新要求,与社会互动,创新高校图书馆工作机制和方法,在构建学习型社会中发挥更大的作用。     

Disentangling data dependency using cross-validation strategies to evaluate prediction quality of cattle grazing activities using machine learning algorithms and wearable sensor data

Wearable sensors have been explored as an alternative for real-time monitoring of cattle feeding behavior in grazing systems. To evaluate the performance of predictive models such as machine learning (ML) techniques, data cross-validation (CV) approaches are often employed. However, due to data dependencies and confounding effects, poorly performed validation strategies may significantly inflate the prediction quality. In this context, our objective was to evaluate the effect of different CV strategies on the prediction of grazing activities in cattle using wearable sensor (accelerometer) data and ML algorithms. Six Nellore bulls (average live weight of 345 ± 21 kg) had their behavior visually classified as grazing or not-grazing for a period of 15 d. Elastic Net Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed to predict grazing activity (grazing or not-grazing) using 3-axis accelerometer data. For each analytical method, three CV strategies were evaluated: holdout, leave-one-animal-out (LOAO), and leave-one-day-out (LODO). Algorithms were trained using similar dataset sizes (holdout: n = 57,862; LOAO: n = 56,786; LODO: n = 56,672). Overall, GLM delivered the worst prediction accuracy (53%) compared with the ML techniques (65% for both RF and ANN), and ANN performed slightly better than RF for LOAO (73%) and LODO (64%) across CV strategies. The holdout yielded the highest nominal accuracy values for all three ML approaches (GLM: 59%, RF: 76%, and ANN: 74%), followed by LODO (GLM: 49%, RF: 61%, and ANN: 63%) and LOAO (GLM: 52%, RF: 57%, and ANN: 57%). With a larger dataset (i.e., more animals and grazing management scenarios), it is expected that accuracy could be increased. Most importantly, the greater prediction accuracy observed for holdout CV may simply indicate a lack of data independence and the presence of carry-over effects from animals and grazing management. Our results suggest that generalizing predictive models to unknown (not used for training) animals or grazing management may incur poor prediction quality. The results highlight the need for using management knowledge to define the validation strategy that is closer to the real-life situation, i.e., the intended application of the predictive model.     

关于生物类基础化学教学中应用“问题学习法”的探讨

本文通过课前、课堂、课后三个部分的问题设置,紧扣教学大纲,紧密联系中学化学和后续课程中相关知识,体现理论联系实际、学科前沿。引领学生"主动学习,积极思考",为后续课程学习起到积极的、有效的铺垫作用。     

蜂胶醇提物对小鼠学习记忆的促进作用

目的:观察蜂胶醇提物对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法:小鼠灌胃蜂胶醇提物,连续1周,利用Y型迷宫,观察蜂胶醇提物对东莨菪碱所致小鼠记忆获得障碍、亚硝酸钠所致小鼠记忆巩固不良、三氯化铝所致急性衰老小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响。结果:蜂胶醇提物能明显改善东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠和三氯化铝所致小鼠学习记忆功能障碍。结论:蜂胶醇提物可促进动物的学习记忆功能,可用于防治老年痴呆。     

农业院校《动物生物化学》课程自主学习教学模式初探

 动物生物化学是农业院校动物科学与动物医学专业重要的专业基础课程。随着生物科学技术的迅猛发展，学科间交叉渗透不断产生新的生物边缘学科，使得动物生物化学课程涉及内容不断扩展，大量复杂教学内容和有限学时之间的矛盾已成为困扰大学动物生物化学教学工作的严峻问题。本文以建构主义教育理论为指导，结合动物生物化学课程的特点，总结近年教学改革成果，初步建立了动物生物化学课程大学生自主学习教学模式，其基本结构层次为：目标任务-兴趣动机-资源环境-过程控制-反馈交流-意义建构。此模式强调教师与学生在教学过程中的对等主体地位，着力培养学生在学习过程中的主动性和自主性。通过自主学习很好解决了课程有限学时与大量教学内容的矛盾，取得了良好的教学效果。同时，此模式对培养大学生自主学习能力与良好学习习惯，促进终身学习型社会的形成具有积极的作用。     

外语教学中学生情感态度调查

由于多年来我国外语教学只注重语言知识的传授，忽略情感态度的培养，导致学生在外语学习中普遍出现焦虑、不自信等负面情感。文中从大学一年级学生的调查中发现学生较多地存在消极的情感态度，对此现象分析其原因，并对英语教学提出了一些建议。     

基于机器学习算法的奶牛疾病预测模型的研究

【目的】评估建立奶牛疾病预测模型的6种机器学习（machine learning,ML）算法的性能及预测变量的重要性。【方法】选取2020年12月至2021年11月,共计944头泌乳牛的生产信息、行为信息作为预测因子,疾病信息作为输出变量,训练并验证模型。将日产奶量、反刍量、活动量、胎次和泌乳天数作为输入变量,利用ML算法建立奶牛疾病的预测模型,评估决策树（Decision Tree,DT） C5.0、CHAID算法、人工神经网络（Artificial Neural Network,ANN）、随机森林（Random Forests,RF）、贝叶斯网络（Bayesian Networks,BN）和逻辑回归（Logistic Regression,LR）6种ML算法的性能,评估预测变量的重要性,以及将胎次和泌乳天数纳入预测变量后模型性能的改善情况。采用敏感性和特异性评估模型性能,按照权重排序评估输入变量对模型预测的重要性。【结果】DT C5.0算法敏感性>85%,特异性>90%,为性能最佳的模型;RF总敏感性为56.8%,对各类牛预测的性能较稳定;ANN、BN、DT CHAID则对样本量较多的疾病预测性能较好,可达74.4%;LR对病牛正确识别率不足40.0%,大多识别为健康牛。产奶量为RF、ANN、LR最重要的预测变量,泌乳天数为DT C5.0、CHAID和BN最重要的预测变量;纳入胎次和泌乳天数后,模型预测的敏感性平均提高9.8%。【结论】ML算法在对奶牛疾病的预测方面表现出很大潜力,其中,DT C5.0更适合用于预测奶牛疾病。产奶量和泌乳天数为疾病预测模型中相对重要的变量,此外,将胎次和泌乳天数纳入预测变量,可提高模型的预测精度。     

Deficits of learning and memory in Hemojuvelin knockout mice

Iron is involved in various physiological processes of the human body to maintain normal functions. Abnormal iron accumulation in brain has been reported as a pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairments. Hemojuvelin (HVJ) is a membrane-bound and soluble protein in mammals that is responsible for the iron overload condition known as juvenile hemochromatosis. Although iron accumulation in brain has been related to neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown the effect of mutation of HVJ gene on cognitive performance. In our studies, HJV(−/−) mice showed deficits in novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, the expression ration of apoptotic marker Bax and anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex showed higher levels in HJV(−/−) mice. Our results suggested that deletion of HJV gene could increase apoptosis in brain which might contribute to learning and memory deficits in mutant mice. These results indicated that HJV(−/−) mice would be a useful model to study cognitive impairment induced by iron overload in brain.     

“学为中心”视域下动物解剖学教学方法的反思

由于信息技术的快速发展和动物医学专业需求的变化,动物解剖学教学在内容和方法方面发生了重大变化。动物医学专业教育已从被动和以教师为中心向积极、以临床为基础和以学生为中心转变。本文在“学为中心”背景下分析各种教学模式在动物解剖学教学中的作用和有效性。     

Training young horses to social separation: effect of a companion horse on training efficiency

Reasons for performing study: The intensity with which a horse responds to separation from its group and subsequently to being alone is relevant for both horse and handler safety. Identification of training methods that may reduce responses to separation would be useful in practice. Objectives: To investigate whether the initial presence of a familiar companion horse modifies responses to separation from the group, lowers stress levels (as measured by heart rate) and increases training efficiency. Hypothesis: Habituation to separation proceeds more quickly if the horse is first trained with a companion, and heart rate is lower when the horse is subsequently trained alone, compared to control horses trained individually from the start. Methods: Young mares (n = 32), kept in groups of 4 were exposed to social separation: 2 horses of the group were trained singly (S1, n = 16) and the remaining 2 horses (n = 16) were trained first with a companion (P2) and then alone (P1). The training comprised 3 steps whereby distance from the group was gradually increased. The final learning criterion was met when a horse fed calmly alone inside a test arena (Step 3). Horses that were trained in a pair had to succeed in Step 3 together before they repeated the steps alone. Feeding behaviour and heart rate were recorded. Results: There were no significant differences between S1 and P1 horses, indicating that the initial pair‐training did not reduce responses in P1 horses. However, heart rate was significantly lower when horses were trained in pairs (P2) compared to when the same horses were subsequently trained alone (P1). Conclusions and potential relevance: It may not be efficient to habituate naïve young horses to social separation initially with a partner as these horses appear to have to relearn being in the test situation alone when switching to the individual training.     

牧草育种学课程改革效果

以内蒙古民族大学草业科学2002级、2003级学生为教学改革对象,对牧草育种学课程的教学大纲、考核评分体系进行修订,并采用模糊数学隶属函数法对草业科学专业4个年级的课程论文、毕业论文、实践教学成绩及考研录取率进行综合评价,以此反映牧草育种学课程改革的效果.结果显示:4个年级组的隶属函数总平均值排序为:2002级(0.844 6)>2003级(0.519 1)>2001级(0.410 5)>2000级(0.047 10).说明改革后(2002级、2003级)学生专业素质与水平有一定提高.     

病例教学法在兽医临床诊断学教学中的探索与实践

兽医临床诊断学是动物医学专业重要的专业基础课,具有很强的实践性。通过病例教学法的实施,有效的激发了学生学习兴趣,培养了学生临床思维的能力,提高了教学效果。本文结合兽医临床诊断学的特点,总结近年来的教学成果,介绍了病例教学法在课程教学中的意义、实施方法及注意事项等,以期进一步提高兽医临床诊断学的教学效果。     

树立正确的教学观和学习观,做好草业科学专业的本科教学

从任课教师和学生两方面入手,对如何促进我国草业科学高等教育的发展进行了探讨.提出任课教师要树立正确的教学科研观,紧密联系科研工作实际,加强自身业务知识的学习,从而不断提高自己的教学水平.对学生而言,通过激发学生的主观能动性,培养学生的参与意识,从而提高学生的动手能力,使学生学得更快、更好、更精.此外,针对教材的选择、教育辅助方案和生产实习、毕业论文等提出了相关的改进措施,并就教学过程中常见的部分实际问题进行了探讨.＃