YJP200型油料挤压膨化机

ＹＪＰ２００型油料挤压膨化机机械工业部食品装备设计研究所王化祥，李子明，周海军油料挤压膨化技术以其突出的优点，日益被人们所共识，其应用也正在不断增长，目前在美国已有９０％的棉籽和８０％的大豆都经过挤压膨化预处理。国外已把挤压膨化机作为浸出油厂的标准设...     

基于APDL的挤压膨化锥形螺杆的参数化建模

作为挤压膨化机关键部件的螺杆,其结构对膨化物料的性状有着十分重要的影响.所以,能否设计出结构合理的螺杆将直接影响挤压膨化机的性能.为此,利用ANSYS二次开发功能,实现秸秆粗纤维饲料挤压膨化机变根径、变螺距锥形螺杆的参数化建模,为利用ANSYS对各种结构的螺杆进行分析和优化设计奠定了基础.     

挤压膨化对玉米淀粉糊化程度影响的研究

用单螺杆挤压膨化机对脱胚玉米进行挤压膨化，以模孔直径、物料出口温度、喂人物料水分含量和螺杆转速作为因素；以挤压膨化脱胚玉米淀粉糊化程度为考察指标；采用“四因素五水平”进行二次正交旋转组合试验设计，研究了脱胚玉米挤压膨化系统参数对淀粉糊化程度的影响规律。     

糙米锅巴膨化工艺参数优化

以膨化机加工温度和物料含水量为考察对象,优化糙米锅巴制作过程中的挤压膨化技术参数。试验结果表明：加工温度和物料含水量对原料的膨化效果影响显著;DSE-25型双螺杆挤压膨化机加工糙米锅巴的最佳工艺参数为加工温度180℃（最高区）、物料含水量18%、螺杆转速120 r/min、喂料速度16 r/min。     

小型谷物膨化机的使用

小型膨化机是一种使用越来越普遍的加工机械,既可以加工食品,又可以加工饲料。谷物经过膨化以后,外形美观,香酥可口,易于消化,在农村受到人们的欢迎。 膨化机的工作原理是利用螺旋工作部件的旋转,将原料挤压,破碎和磨细,同时物料被不断地推进,磨擦产生的热量使物料胶化成稀稠状,在高温高压下突然挤出摸孔,排放在空气中,物料在一瞬间急剧膨胀,形成海绵状的膨化物。 小型膨化机的使用要点(以大米为原料): (1) 加工前,卸下工作部件(如机头,机芯和丝杆),认真清理机芯和丝杆上的米垢和油垢,并使其干燥。     

挤压膨化工艺与设备的研究进展

挤压膨化技术作为现代食品工程高新技术之一,已广泛地应用于食品工业中,并逐步在饲料、油脂、酿造、组织化植物蛋白等多个加工领域中得到应用。为了适应挤压膨化技术的发展,促进挤压膨化技术在各行业中的广泛应用,分析了挤压膨化技术的特点,讨论了挤压膨化技术及设备的现状和研究进展,并对挤压膨化技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

挤压膨化后纤维降解对大豆水酶法提油率的影响

在单因素试验和挤压膨化机稳定工作基础上,采用响应曲面设计研究了挤压膨化工艺参数对水酶法提取大豆油脂得率与纤维降解率的影响.利用SAS软件建立了数学模型,并对各因素及交互作用进行了分析.结果表明:当模孔孔径为20 mm、物料含水率为14.5%、螺杆转速为105 r/min、套筒温度为90℃时,总油提取率最优值为93.02%±0.29%.当模孔孔径为18 mm、物料含水率为15%、螺杆转速为100 r/min、套筒温度为95℃时,纤维降解率最优值为40.28%±0.43%.挤压膨化过程中纤维降解程度对总油提取率影响很大.总油提取率并不完全取决于挤压膨化过程中纤维降解程度.     

挤压膨化机操控技术交流研讨会在福州召开

为了提高挤压膨化机的操控技术水平，促进饲料加工企业技术进步。由福建省饲料工业协会、福建省水产饲料研究会和福建省机械科学研究院饲料机械开发中心共同发起的《福建省挤压膨化机操控技术交流研讨会》于2006年1月12日在福建省机械科学研究院召开，省机械院黄明钦副院长主持开幕并讲话，来自全省11家膨化饲料加工企业的30位代表参加了交流与研讨。     

血粉膨化机温度控制系统的研究

由于血粉蛋白属于硬质蛋白,只有膨化加工方法才能使其血细胞膜全部破坏及血粉中硬质蛋白未充分变性,从而被动物消化吸收。为了提高血粉膨化机挤出血粉的质量(在对挤压过程进行了分析和研究的基础上),采用Smith预估PID控制,实现了对血粉膨化机各区温度控制。实验结果表明:该控制系统具有较优的动态控制性能,使用效果良好。     

挤压膨化技术在动物蛋白饲料中的应用

挤压膨化技术业已成为发展速度最快的饲料加工新技术，为此介绍了应用于饲料加工中两类挤压膨化装置的作用原理，分析总结了挤压膨化加工参数对蛋白质变性的影响，并对挤压膨化技术在畜禽废弃蛋白资源开发利用中的应用进行了展望。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.