征订启事

读《长江蔬菜》获一本万利报道全国蔬菜种植新技术、新成果、新经验,科学实用。发布全国蔬菜名优种子信息,精品荟萃。服务全国蔬菜科技人员、种植专业户和种子经销商,专业必备。欢迎订阅2012年《长江蔬菜》全国各地邮政局均可订阅,邮发代号:38-129,月刊每册定价:4.80元,     

高海拔山区夏、秋季荷兰豆高产栽培技术

利用闽西高海拔山区夏季气候凉爽的独特自然气候优势,在夏、秋季种植反季节荷兰豆,可以提高农民种植蔬菜的经济效益,增加市场蔬菜的供应品种。根据近几年的种植经验,总结了在闽西高海拔山区夏、秋季种植荷兰豆高产栽培技术。     

蔬菜蓟马防治技术研究进展

蔬菜是我国重要的农作物,随着蔬菜种植结构调整和高产栽培技术的推广,蔬菜蓟马为害不断加重,严重影响了蔬菜产业的发展。由于长期依赖化学农药防治,蔬菜蓟马已对许多药剂产生了抗药性。本文重点论述了蔬菜蓟马的为害特点、抗药性和防治技术等方面的研究进展。     

水稻与设施大棚蔬菜间套种技术探索

利用相对闲置的蔬菜大棚沟渠种植水稻，实施水稻与蔬菜间套种，既可充分利用耕地资源，增加水稻种植面积，又减少农业面源污染，同时增加物种多样性控制病虫害发生。试验示范结果表明，塑料大棚一年当中种植多茬蔬菜，会有多余的水肥渗漏到沟渠中，这些渗漏的肥料能够保证沟渠中水稻的正常生长。水稻与大棚蔬菜间套种可实现农业资源循环利用，经济、社会和生态效益明显，是可持续农业的一种模式创新。     

叶菜类蔬菜中主要污染物调研分析研究

叶菜类蔬菜是人们日常食用量最大的蔬菜品种,其种类繁多,是我国种植和消费的主要蔬菜品种。但由于叶菜类蔬菜在种植栽培过程中可能会使用某些化学物质,加之栽培环境的不良影响,使其质量安全受到威胁。本研究通过调查研究叶菜类蔬菜的主要病虫害及其防治措施、农药使用情况、国内外现行污染物的限量标准及检测方法等,结合近年来叶菜类蔬菜主要污染物检测结果的统计分析,提出保障叶菜类蔬菜质量安全需要重点控制的15项污染物项目(包括13项农药及2项重金属),并对其限量值及检测方法进行比对确立,对叶菜类蔬菜的质量安全日常监管提供了有效指导。     

江汉植棉区夏播短季棉与蔬菜和玉米三熟制高效种植模式

为了稳棉增粮,提高农田种植效益。于2016年~2017年在江汉植棉区设计和示范了早春玉米、夏播短季棉和短季冬蔬菜的一年三熟高效种植模式。结果表明,早春玉米、短季棉、短季蔬菜三季合计可获纯收入53124.0元/hm~2,比单一种植某一作物收入大大增加,而且可以充分利用土地资源。达到了稳棉增粮,提高农田种植效益的目的。     

中棉所60在冀南高效配套种植模式

永年县位于河北省南部,棉花是该县的主要经济作物之一,年种植面积在6000～7000hm2,占全县耕地面积的10%左右。同时,蔬菜瓜果类在该县经济中最具优势和特色,规模大、品种全、产量高、销售广。为解决春棉单作种植模式带来的冬春季棉田闲置问题、发挥蔬菜瓜果种植优势,近几年开     

菠萝叶渣生物有机肥在蔬菜生产上的应用

利用提取纤维后的新鲜菠萝叶渣为主料，通过添加鸡粪、木糠和过磷酸钙等辅料，以EM生态液菌为生物发酵菌剂，经发酵腐熟，生产生物有机肥，并利用该肥进行蔬菜种植试验。结果表明，利用菠萝叶渣生产生物有机肥，可提高蔬菜产量，缩短种植周期，蔬菜品质好，符合绿色食品标准的要求。     

会泽县蔬菜产业升级现状与发展对策

结合会泽县蔬菜产业的生产现状，分析存在的突出问题，提出从蔬菜标准化生产、品牌化建设、商品化处理、规模化种植等方面促进蔬菜产业升级，提高蔬菜产业的经济效益。     

冬季预留棉行的开发利用

利用冬季预留棉行空闲,种植一季或几季蔬菜,可以充分利用光照、地力和空间。在不影响夏收作物产量的同时,既能为市场提供较多的蔬菜,缓解蔬菜紧缺矛盾,又能增加     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.