水稻稻瘟病广谱抗病新等位基因pi21 t的鉴定及其抗性应用

为不断发掘和鉴定新的抗性基因,从而克隆和利用广谱持久抗性基因,选育水稻广谱抗稻瘟病新品种,解决稻瘟病危害。根据已克隆的水稻稻瘟病广谱抗病隐性等位基因pi21的序列设计分子标记Pi21-1,对育种上高频率使用的广亲和品种02428进行PCR扩增,测序比较分析发现了新的等位基因类型,同时对广亲和品种02428进行田间稻瘟病接种鉴定,苗期鉴定结果为免疫,从而鉴定了一个广谱抗稻瘟病的新等位基因pi21t,为水稻广谱抗稻瘟病育种提供了新的有利资源。通过分子标记辅助选择,能够快速明确目标品种中所携带目标基因的等位基因型,从而加快水稻广谱抗稻瘟病育种的进程,提高抗病效率。     

辣椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒病研究进展

黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）病是影响辣椒生产的主要病害,是辣椒抗病育种的主攻目标。分子标记辅助选择育种可有效地克服传统育种的缺陷,加速育种进程。分子标记的开发依赖于基础研究,辣椒基因组数据的公布为辣椒抗CMV研究提供了一个新的契机。所以本研究就黄瓜花叶病毒的危害、辣椒抗源材料的筛选和抗性鉴定、抗性遗传规律分析及抗性基因定位等方面进行了总结归纳,为进一步辣椒抗CMV研究和分子标记辅助育种提供一定的理论参考。     

水稻抗纹枯病QTL qSB-9TQ和抗条纹叶枯病基因Stv-bi的聚合育种

以携带抗纹枯病QTL qSB-9^TQ的籼稻品种特青和携带抗条纹叶枯病基因Stv-bⁱ的粳稻品种镇稻88为优良等位基因供体亲本,江苏省推广的粳稻品种武育粳3号和武粳15为受体亲本,分别杂交并连续回交。在回交及自交分离世代,利用开发的覆盖目标基因区间的双侧分子标记对目标基因进行辅助选择。至回交BC₄F₁世代,同一遗传背景2个回交方向的中选单株间聚合杂交,获得2个目标基因位点均纯合的聚合F₃株系。条纹叶枯病抗性鉴定和纹枯病抗性接种鉴定结果表明,聚合株系对条纹叶枯病均表现抗病;以0~9级评级标准评价,聚合株系的纹枯病较相应的轮回亲本分别低1.1~1.6级和0.8~1.4级。结合回交低世代抗性鉴定结果分析,自行开发的分子标记对目标基因的辅助选择是有效的。讨论了抗纹枯病育种及分子标记辅助选择聚合育种的相关问题。     

稻瘟病抗性基因在主要育种亲本中的分布研究

稻瘟病是由稻瘟病菌引起的具有广泛性和毁灭性的水稻病害。目前通过抗病亲本杂交聚合培育持久广谱的稻瘟病抗性品种是水稻稻瘟病防治最经济环保的途径,而利用分子标记辅助选择技术对水稻育种亲本抗性基因分布的研究是分子辅助聚合育种的基础。本研究以36个育种亲本为实验材料,进行苗瘟和穗颈瘟鉴定,结合特异性分子标记Pid3、Pita、Pikm、Pib、Piz,研究这些育种亲本的稻瘟病抗性基因的分布情况。同时,对恢复系材料蜀恢498的抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pikm扩增测序并进行同源序列比对分析,初步在分子水平分析抗病基因与抗病表型的关系。     

“一种鉴定烟草PVY抗性的分子标记”发明专利获公开

<正>国家知识产权局近日公开一件由云南省烟草农业科学研究院申请的发明专利:一种鉴定烟草PVY抗性的分子标记。该发明属于分子生物学领域,是一种鉴定烟草PVY抗性的分子标记。该发明涉及扩增该分子标记的引物、该分子标记和引物在烟草抗病资源筛选和抗病育种辅助选择中的用途。该发明的分子标记将基因组DNA序列与烟草PVY抗性基因联系起来,有利于烟草分子标记育种辅助选择体系的建     

分子标记辅助选择聚合Xa23、Stvb-i、Pi-13种抗病基因的研究

为了选育抗多种病害的水稻新品种,保证水稻的稳产高产,利用分子标记辅助选择技术,对378份通过常规育种技术与花药培养相结合培育的聚合Xa23、Stvb-i、Pi-1抗病基因的花培后代进行试验研究。结果表明:分子标记辅助选择可快速实现Xa23、Pi-1与Stvb-i抗3种病害基因的聚合,经PCR检测与抗病鉴定,培育出10份抗性遗传稳定、表达高效的粳稻新种质资源。在利用分子标记辅助选择基因型的同时,仍然需要与传统的人工抗病鉴定的表现型结果相结合,才能保证选择的准确率高。     

水稻抗条纹叶枯病基因Stv-bi的分子标记辅助选择

水稻条纹叶枯病是我国黄淮及长江流域粳稻区重要的病害。由于水稻条纹叶枯病的发病受外界条件影响较大,人工接种抗性鉴定比较困难,利用与抗病基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行标记辅助选择对提高抗性育种效率具有重要意义。来自籼稻抗源Modan的Stv-bⁱ是水稻育种中广泛应用的条纹叶枯病抗性基因。本研究设计了与Stv-bⁱ紧密连锁的SSR及STS分子标记,用3个抗条纹叶枯病混合群体F30718(圣稻13/镇稻88)、F50701(武优34/T022//圣稻806)、F60702 (V6/T022//镇稻88)进行分子标记检测和田间条纹叶枯病抗性鉴定,其结果的符合率分别为99.3%、87.7%和91.8%。表明这些分子标记可以用于条纹叶枯病抗性基因Stv-bⁱ分子标记辅助选择。     

西瓜遗传转化的研究进展与展望

本文从外植体的选择、高效不定芽的诱导、伸长以及生根等方面综述了西瓜子叶农杆菌介导法的遗传转化再生体系的建立;介绍了GUS、NPTⅡ等各种标记基因,WMV-1、WMV-2、ZYMV、CMV等抗病基因和抗枯萎病南瓜总DNA、抗枯萎病瓠瓜总DNA、银杏总DNA和pBI121 DNA等外源基因的选择方法和外源基因在转基因西瓜中的遗传规律;讨论了在完善西瓜抗病育种的同时,其它抗逆、品质改良、控制生长发育等有益农艺性状在西瓜改良方面的应用,并对一些有价值的基因导入西瓜进行了展望。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗性鉴定技术研究

番茄抗病材料的创制及其准确有效的抗性鉴定方法是番茄抗病育种的关键.本文比较研究了烟粉虱侵染接种鉴定技术、分子标记鉴定技术和田间自然接种法对58份番茄抗黄化曲叶病毒病材料的抗性鉴定结果.结果表明:分子标记检测与烟粉虱侵染接种鉴定方法相结合可作为鉴定材料对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗性的有效方法;对含有已知基因抗源材料的分离群体,...     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因Pi2-InDel标记的开发与评价

通过对水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi2/9位点上已克隆的功能基因及非功能位点序列的相互对比,鉴定到Pi2特异的核苷酸差异,开发了基于PCR技术的Pi2基因的插入/缺失(insert-deletion,InDel)标记,能有效地将Pi2与其它抗性等位基因及感病等位基因区分开。利用Pi2基因的分离群体进行标记选择与接种鉴定,结果表明Pi2-InDel标记能精确地选择Pi2基因。用Pi2-InDel标记对20份水稻品种和育种亲本进行分子检测,该标记能准确地将抗性基因分离开来。这为筛选水稻稻瘟病抗性种质资源,以及抗性标记辅助抗病育种提供了便利。     

Polyploid and maternal effects on Rhizoctonia root rot resistance in sugarbeet

Summary Three sugarbeet breeding lines partially resistant to the root-rotting fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, were converted to the tetraploid condition without selection. These three diploid and tetraploid lines were crossed with three diploid male-sterile lines to produce equivalent diploid and triploid hybrids. The triploid hybrids were significantly more resistant to Rhizoctonia than were the diploid hybrids. However, the tetraploid resistant limes were no different than their diploid equivalent lines. Reciprocal crosses provided no evidence of maternal effect on resistance. Cytoplasm that included the male-sterility factor had no influence on resistance. Triploid hybrids, where the resistant parent is tetraploid, should be advantageous in the breeding of rhizoctonia-resistant hybrid varieties.Joint contribution of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Colorado State University Experiment Station, and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation. Published with the approval of the Director of the Colorado State University Experiment Station as Scientific Paper Series No. 2072.     

Transmission of bacterial wilt resistance by First Division Restitution (FDR) 2n pollen via 4x×2x crosses in potatoes

Summary Resistance to bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) found in tuber-bearing Solanum species was transferred into a diploid potato breeding population. Simultaneous selections were made for agronomic characters, production of first division restitution (FDR) 2n pollen, and resistance. Diploid resistant genotypes were identified via inoculation with a virulent isolate (CIP-204) of race 3 of Pseudomonas solanacearum. These resistant diploid genotypes were crossed to susceptible tetraploid potatoes. An investigation was made to assess whether resistant diploid genotypes transmit resistance to bacterial wilt, which is a quantitatively inherited trait, to tetraploid potatoes via FDR 2n pollen. Tetraploid seedlings from 4x×2x crosses were inoculated with the same isolate CIP-204, and the percentage of surviving seedlings was scored. Some 4x×2x families from resistant diploid genotypes demonstrated a high level of survival rate. The transmission of bacterial wilt resistance was achieved by the use of FDR 2n pollen. It was speculated that a female x male interaction effect on the survival rate of the evaluated progeny may exist. Selecting proper 4x and 2x parents would be important for obtaining a higher frequency of transmission of resistance to bacterial wilt in the progeny.     

黑龙江省礼品西瓜品种枯萎病抗性鉴定

本试验对当前黑龙江省生产上主栽的礼品西瓜品种进行枯萎病抗性鉴定,用为害黑龙江省西瓜的枯萎病菌对8份西瓜材料进行了抗病鉴定,结果中抗材料1份,高抗材料2份,轻抗材料5份。     

基于人工病圃筛选和分子标记辅助的棉花抗黄萎病育种方法研究与应用

以抗病性较强的中植372为研究对象,和陆地棉感病品种军棉1号配制组合构建F2作图群体,筛选到和黄萎病抗性紧密连锁的SSR标记NAU1269。选育过程中,以中植372为父本或者母本,通过人工黄萎病病圃对种间杂交、回交、加代选育以及再杂交的材料进行了抗病性筛选,同时每代育种材料均对黄萎病抗性紧密连锁的SSR标记NAU1269进行跟踪检测,筛选出与黄萎病抗病性状紧密连锁的亲本及其后代材料,进而培育出抗黄萎病、产量高、品质优良的中植棉2号、新植5号、中植棉6号、中植棉8号等10余个国审及省审抗(耐)黄萎病棉花新品种。对育成的品种进行检测发现,中植2棉号、中植6棉号、中植8棉号和新植5号均能够检测到与黄萎病抗性紧密连锁的SSR标记NAU1269和已报道的抗黄萎病的分子标记NAU828和NAU1225,而且这3个标记在各个品种材料之间呈共显性分离。结果表明,基于人工病圃筛选和分子标记辅助育种相结合是选育棉花抗黄萎病材料可行、高效的育种方法。     

User‐friendly markers linked to Fusarium wilt race 1 resistance Fw gene for marker‐assisted selection in pea

Fusarium wilt is one of the most widespread diseases of pea. Resistance to Fusarium wilt race 1 was reported as a single gene, Fw, located on linkage group III. The previously reported AFLP and RAPD markers linked to Fw have limited usage in marker‐assisted selection due to their map distance and linkage phase. Using 80 F₈ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Green Arrow × PI 179449, we amplified 72 polymorphic markers between resistant and susceptible lines with the target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) technique. Marker–trait association analysis revealed a significant association. Five candidate markers were identified and three were converted into user‐friendly dominant SCAR markers. Forty‐eight pea cultivars with known resistant or susceptible phenotypes to Fusarium wilt race 1 verified the marker–trait association. These three markers, Fw_Trap_480, Fw_Trap_340 and Fw_Trap_220, are tightly linked to and only 1.2 cM away from the Fw locus and are therefore ideal for marker‐assisted selection. These newly identified markers are useful to assist in the isolation of the Fusarium wilt race 1 resistance gene in pea.     

不同黄瓜材料对枯萎病的抗性评价

以危害我国黄瓜的优势枯萎病生理小种4为供试菌源,运用室内苗期人工接种和田间成株期病圃检测2种方法对43份黄瓜材料进行了枯萎病的抗性评价,苗期接种筛选出抗病材料7份,中抗材料16份,感病和高感材料20份。其中抗(含中抗)材料占53.5%,感病材料占46.5%。欧洲血缘的抗病(中抗以上)材料占39.5%;华北和日本血缘的抗和中抗材料占13.9%。成株期田间病圃的鉴定结果与苗期接种基本一致,符合率达86.7%。说明苗期接种结果准确,接种方法可靠。同时还表明了黄瓜种质资源中蕴藏着对改良枯萎病抗性有利用价值的基因资源,其中欧洲黄瓜抗源较丰富,华北和日本类型的黄瓜枯萎病抗源相对匮乏。     

节瓜抗镰刀菌酸突变体的筛选和特性研究

枯萎病是节瓜的主要病害之一。为了创新节瓜抗枯萎病资源,利用枯萎病毒素镰刀菌酸（FA）为胁迫剂,以节瓜不定芽为筛选材料,进行了节瓜抗镰刀菌酸变异体离体筛选研究。试验结果表明,FA胁迫的适宜浓度为60~80mg&#8226;L-1。筛选出的抗性细胞系继代培养后仍保持对FA抗性,其再生植株的R1、R3代株系对节瓜枯萎病的抗性可以达到中抗至抗病级;与供体材料相比,再生系后代株系除枯萎病抗性增强外,其他主要农艺性状没有明显变化。表明利用抗FA细胞系离体筛选技术改良和创新节瓜抗枯萎病材料是可行的。     

A CAPS marker TAO1902 diagnostic for the I-2 gene conferring resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 in tomato

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici inhabits most tomato-growing regions worldwide, causing tomato production yield losses. A molecular marker linked to resistance would be useful for tomato improvement programmes. Thus, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker TAO1₉₀₂ was developed to identify tomato genotypes possessing the I-2 gene, which confers resistance to F. o. lycopersici race 2. The Rsa I or Fok I restriction fragments corresponded to the presence or absence of the I-2 allele in a segregating 100 F₂ progeny, tomato cultivars, 16 resistant and 20 susceptible to Fusarium wilt, respectively, lines and F₁ hybrids, representing various tomato gene pools. TAO1₉₀₂ may be helpful for selection of F. o. lycopersici -resistant tomato germplasm.     

棉花黄萎病抗性与过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用等电聚焦电泳方法 ,对棉花二对抗黄萎病近等基因系以及三对色素腺体近等基因系的子叶进行过氧化物同工酶 (POD)分析。结果表明 ,色素腺体和棉酚含量与棉花抗性没有必然的联系 ;环境条件对棉花抗性表现有一定的影响 ,但对子叶中 POD同工酶谱带无显著的影响 ;4条 POD同工酶酶带 (P4、P6、P7、P10 )的表现与棉花抗黄萎病性有关 ,这些酶带的特殊表现可用于棉花抗病性辅助鉴定和辅助育种     

Breeding of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) with fusarium wilt resistance based on microspore culture and marker-assisted selection

Cabbage Fusarium wilt (CFW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, is one of the most devastating diseases of cabbage worldwide. In recent years, CFW has been spreading across northern Chinad. Thus, development of resistant cultivars is necessary to control CFW. Here we report microspore culture from a cross of two elite cabbage inbred lines, 96–100 (highly resistant to CFW) and 01–20 (highly susceptible to CFW), in order to obtain doubled haploids (DHs) to cultivate cabbage materials for resistance breeding. A total of 196 DHs were obtained in 2011 and 2012 and three elite DH lines were selected from them through agronomic trait evaluation as well as marker-assisted selection. These three elite DH lines were crossed with elite cabbage inbred lines to create hybrids, which were then evaluated for their resistance and agronomic traits. Three excellent hybrids were selected. The use of microspore culture and marker-assisted selection greatly shortened the time required to obtain these excellent hybrids. These resistant varieties may become an effective control of CFW in diseased areas.