奶牛隐性乳房炎疗效对比试验

应用中药复方、单味蒲公英、硫酸庆大霉素合盐酸普鲁卡因，后海穴注射及盐酸左旋咪唑配合鱼腥草注射液肌肉注射四种方法，对４２头奶牛的隐性乳房炎进行了对比治疗试验，结果表明，左旋咪唑配合鱼腥草注射液肌肉注射及中药复方是治疗该病的最佳方法。     

紫外分光光度法测定盐酸普鲁卡因注射液的药物含量

用紫外分光光度法对兽用盐酸普鲁卡因注射液的含量进行了测定，其含量只有标示含量的（６７．３±３．４５）％，用该法检测盐酸普鲁卡因含量灵敏度高，方法简单。     

穴位注射治疗仔猪黄白痢效果观察

1材料与方法 1.1试验药品 1.1.1 1％盐酸普鲁卡因注射液（山西省运城地区国营制药厂生产）。 1.1.2泻立康注射液（浙江大学动物药品厂生产）。     

血毒混感多肽注射液的体外抑菌试验及人工攻毒试验研究

用药敏纸片法对猪大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏杆菌、痢疾杆菌进行了体外抑菌试验。结果表明血毒混感多肽注射液对上述菌株均有理想的抑制作用。抑菌圈直径分别为：21、17、18mm。人工攻毒防治试验结果表明血毒混感多肽注射液对猪大肠杆菌病、伤寒沙门氏杆菌病、痢疾杆菌病的预防保护率均为100％,治愈率分别为91％、95．6％、93．33％,效果优于单用硫酸庆大霉素或盐酸林可霉素的治疗效果。     

来稿摘登

猪风湿症的治疗据东丰县镇郊公社畜牧站于忠波报道,猪风湿症是一种常见的慢性疾病,春、秋两季发病较多,主要是气候突变,圈舍潮湿、通风不良等原因引起的。治疗方法,用0.25％盐酸普鲁卡因注射液10—     

关于应用盐酸普鲁卡因注射液治疗马骡疼痛性疾患的报告

普鲁卡因（procainum）亦称奴佛卡因（Novocainum）。兽药厂家所生产的盐酸普鲁卡因（procainum hydrochloricum）安瓿剂主要有浓度为0．25％、2．00％、2．50％和5．00％的注射液。长期以来,我们应用0．25％盐酸普鲁卡因注射液,采取颈静脉注射的方法治疗马、骡风湿症、关节炎、急性肌肉挫伤、痉挛疝等疼痛性疾患数百例,取得了良好的效果。     

盐酸林可霉素的体外抑菌及临床疗效研究

本试验研究了盐酸林可霉素的体外抑菌作用及临床治疗效果，结果表明：该制剂对金葡萄、链球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌均有显著的抑制作用。盐酸林可霉素对G^ 抑菌作用强于盐酸土霉素（P＞0．01），对G的抑菌作用与盐酸土霉素相当，（P＞0．05）。临床疗效研究表显示：盐酸林可霉素注射液对G^ 引起的支气管炎疗效显著，治愈率为87％，有效率为96．4％，高于盐酸土霉素的治愈率和有效率。     

方通精品加盐酸普鲁卡因治疗奶牛血乳效果好

近日笔者采用方通精品(重庆市方通动物药业有限公司生产) 0．5％盐酸普鲁卡因注射液治疗奶牛血乳症28例，全部治愈，取得比较满意效果。后第2天出现血乳，乳房皮肤发红、发热，乳呈粉红色，最后挤出的乳汁呈血样(鲜红色)。取方通精品10mL 0．5％盐酸普鲁卡因10mL(可将2％盐酸普鲁卡因稀释后获得)，用乳针注入患牛乳区乳头，每日2次，2日治愈。     

普鲁卡因是否会导致胎儿畸形

问我站养有十几头母猪，１９９７年１１月进行过全场的猪瘟疫苗免疫。其中有一头本地母猪（已生产过五胎正常胎儿）在１２月份由于乳房被踩伤发生炎症，笔者就用武汉制药厂生产、批号９６１００２，规格００４克／２毫升的盐酸普鲁卡因注射液２支，用生理盐水１～２倍稀...     

胆翘注射液体内外抗炎作用的研究

通过建立二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的炎症模型和LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞致炎模型,分别研究胆翘注射液的体内外抗炎作用。体内抗炎试验结果表明,0.025、0.05、0.1 g/（kg·BW）的胆翘注射液能够显著降低模型小鼠的耳肿胀率（P〈0.01）和血清IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量（P〈0.05）;体外抗炎试验结果表明,25、50、100μg/m L的胆翘注射液对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β水平具有显著的抑制作用（P〈0.05）。综上提示,胆翘注射液具有较好的体内外抗炎作用。     

Spinal fluid concentrations of mepivacaine in horses and procaine in cows after thoracolumbar subarachnoid analgesia

The CSF concentrations of mepivacaine in 10 Standardbred horses and of procaine in 10 Holstein cows given the drugs by thoracolumbar subarachnoid injection were determined. Mepivacaine hydrochloride was injected into the horses (502 +/- 60.5 kg) at an average dosage of 30 mg (1.5 ml of 20 mg/ml solution). Analgesia was produced 7.5 +/- 4.3 minutes after injection, extended between spinal cord segments T13 and L3 on both sides of the spinal column, and lasted 47 +/- 18.7 minutes at the T18 dermatome. Procaine hydrochloride was injected into cows (614 +/- 51.5 kg) at a dosage ranging between 75 mg and 100 mg (1.5 ml and 2 ml of 50 mg/ml solution). Analgesia was produced 8.2 +/- 2.0 minutes after injection, extended between spinal cord segments T11 and L4 on both sides of the spinal column, and lasted 47 +/- 17.5 minutes at the T13 dermatome. The critical CSF concentrations of local anesthetics required to eliminate response to pinprick stimulation were 204.4 +/- 90.3 micrograms of mepivacaine/ml in horses and 197.0 +/- 86.1 micrograms of procaine/ml in cows. Average CSF concentrations at 120 minutes after injections were made were 16.8 +/- 15.5 micrograms of mepivacaine/ml and 30.6 +/- 17.1 micrograms of procaine/ml. In in vitro experiments to determine the rates of hydrolysis of mepivacaine and procaine in CSF, significant changes (P greater than 0.05) were not seen in the CSF concentrations of mepivacaine in horses and procaine in cattle after a 120-minute incubation (37 C). The analgesic threshold concentrations of mepivacaine in CSF of horses and procaine in CSF of cows were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Benzathine Penicillin G and Procaine Penicillin G in Piglets: Comparison of Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Injection

The disposition of penicillin G in piglets is described after intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of depot preparations. The piglets were injected with 33 000 IU/kg or 100 000 IU/kg benzathine + procaine penicillin G intramuscularly or subcutaneously, or 100 000 IU/kg procaine penicillin G intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Intramuscular injection of benzathine + procaine penicillin resulted in higher maximum concentration in plasma (C_max) than did subcutaneous injection. The mean residence time (MRT) of penicillin G was longer when the drugs were injected subcutaneously rather than intramuscularly. The plasma concentration versus time profiles of the subcutaneous injections of benzathine + procaine penicillin revealed secondary peaks, possibly reflecting a certain degree of inflammation at the injection site.     

Pharmacological and toxicological aspects of combination of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotic, prednisolone and procaine hydrochloride on the example of Vetramycin

Vetramycin is an injectable veterinary compound for animal use only. In veterinary medicine, it has been used for a long time as a bactericidal beta-lactam and aminglycoside antibiotics combination, extending the bactericidal spectrum of these substances. This compound, in addition to bactericidal procaine penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin (DHS), contains also prednisolone acetate and procaine hydrochloride, two biologically active substances. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoide, has an antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antiitchical and analgesic effect. Procaine hydrochloride, in turn, has a local anaesthetic effect and attenuates pain caused by irritable properties of antibiotics at the injection sites. The average dosage of, respectively, procaine benzylpenicillin (I.U./kg(-1) b.w.), DHS (microg/kg(-1) b.w.), prednisolone acetate (microg/kg(-1) b.w.) and procaine hydrochloride (mg/kg(-1) b.w.) in horses, cattle, pigs is 6000-15000, 10-11, 0.24-0.6 and 1.2-3.0; s.i.d., in sheep, foals, calves, piglets is 20000-40000, 10, 0.8-1.6 and 4-8; s.i.d., in dogs and cats is 30000-200000, 10, 0.8-1.6 and 4-8; s.i.d.. Intramammary injection dose (Vetramycin antimastitis ointment in syringe) in cows is 1000000 I.U. of procaine benzylpenicillin + 1000000 I.U. of dihydrostreptycin sulphate per quarter of udder, s.i.d., during 3 successive days.     

油剂普鲁卡因青霉素注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

对油剂普鲁卡因青霉素注射液细菌内毒素检查方法进行了研究,在样品中加入适量的无菌、无内毒素的０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠％吐温－８０溶液;并用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸调节样品液的ＰＨ值,解决了样品的溶解方法,。用稀释法排除样品对细菌内毒素检查的干扰。实验结果表明,选用鲎试剂灵敏度为０．５ＥＵ／ｍｌ将样品稀释 １２５００ｕ／ｍｌ的溶液后可消除其干扰作用,因此,用细菌内毒素检查法作为该药品的热原物质检查是可行持     

Depletion of intramuscularly and subcutaneously injected procaine penicillin G from tissues and plasma of yearling beef steers.

Withdrawal periods required when doses of 24,000 IU and 66,000 IU of procaine penicillin G/kg body weight were administered to yearling beef steers by intramuscular injection daily for five consecutive days were investigated. These dosages are in excess of product label recommendations, but are in the range of procaine penicillin G dosages that have been administered for the treatment of some feedlot bacterial diseases. The approved dose in Canada is 7,500 IU/kg body weight intramuscularly, once daily, with a withdrawal period of five days. Based on the tissue residue data from this study, the appropriate withdrawal period is ten days for the 24,000 IU/kg body weight dose and 21 days for the 66,000 IU/kg body weight dose when administered intramuscularly to yearling beef steers. In a related study, 18 yearling beef steers received 66,000 IU of procaine penicillin G/kg body weight administered by subcutaneous injection, an extra-label treatment in terms of both dose and route of administration, typical of current practice in some circumstances. Deposits of the drug were visible at subcutaneous injection sites up to ten days after injection, with more inflammation and hemorrhage observed than for intramuscular injections of the same dose. These results suggest that procaine penicillin G should not be administered subcutaneously at high doses; and therefore a withdrawal period was not established for subcutaneous injection.     

Inflammatory response to intramuscular implantation of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration probes in sheep

Polyacrylonitrile is used in the manufacture of dialysis membranes. These membranes are fundamental to the functioning of implantable probes for microdialysis and ultrafiltration sampling of tissue fluids. Although in vivo experimentation using polyacrylonitrile has been reported to cause little inflammatory response when implanted subcutaneously, such information is not available for intramuscular implantation in sheep. The procaine and benzathine salts of penicillin are formulated for intramuscular injection. These salts of penicillin or the formulation excipients may cause inflammatory reactions. Use of polyacrylonitrile probes to draw samples from sites at which these formulations have been injected may be compromised by inflammation or direct interaction between formulation excipients and the dialysis membrane. The aim of this project was to describe tissue responses to intramuscular implantation of polyacrylonitrile in the presence and absence of either procaine or procaine plus benzathine salts of penicillin G. Each of 20 normal sheep was implanted with two ultrafiltration probes, one at the site of an injection of procaine or benzathine plus procaine penicillin G. Similar injections were also made at remote intramuscular sites. After 8, 9, and 11 days of the experiment, sheep were killed and the injection and implantation site muscle were excised and prepared for histopathological examination. The implantation of the probe alone caused greater inflammatory response than the injection of procaine or procaine plus benzathine penicillin G at remote intramuscular sites. The histopathological lesions were greatest where the implantation site was coupled with the injection of either formulation of penicillin G. Polyacrylonitrile may not be a suitable dialysis membrane material for intramuscular implantation in sheep.     

Plasma elimination and urinary excretion of procaine after administration of different products to standardbred mares.

Plasma and urinary concentrations of procaine were examined in Standardbred mares after subcutaneous administration of various doses (80 mg to 1600 mg) of procaine hydrochloride. Regardless of dose, peak plasma procaine values occurred within 1 h, but remained detectable in a dose-dependent manner, with procaine present at 1 h with the 80 mg dose and 6 h at the 1600 mg dose. Similarly, peak urinary procaine concentrations were attained within 1.5 to 3 h, irrespective of dose, while detection time was dose-dependent, being 23 h for 80-200 mg doses but as long as 30-54 h with the 1600 mg dose. When mares were given a single intramuscular injection of a penicillin G-procaine preparation (Ethacillin, Cillimycin, Penamycin, Derapen A, Azimycin or Diathal), peak plasma procaine concentrations varied and were reached from 10 min to 3 h in all cases, with detection from 3 to 20 h after drug administration. Although the peak urinary levels of procaine occurred between 30 mins and 6 h, detection in urine in most cases was as long as 78-120 h except for Diathal for which detection was limited to 54 h. Daily administration of a penicillin G-procaine preparation (Pen-Di-Strep) for 5 days produced a biphasic peak in plasma procaine at 3 and at 6-9 h with detection from 16 to 23 h after drug treatment. Although peak urinary procaine values were reached at similar times after single or multiple injections, the duration of detection was markedly longer (425 h) after the multiple-dose regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

注射用盐酸土霉素的细菌内毒素检查

参照<中国兽药典>二○○○年版一部附录细菌内毒素检查法,研究了注射用盐酸土霉素对细菌内毒素检测的干扰情况,确定0.312 5 mg/mL浓度的供试品溶液对检测无干扰作用,建立了注射用盐酸土霉素的细菌内毒素限量检查方法.     

Plasma concentration and local anesthetic activity of procaine hydrochloride following subcutaneous administration to horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine the durations of the local anesthetic effect and plasma procaine concentrations associated with 5- and 10-mg doses of procaine hydrochloride (with or without 100 microg of epinephrine) administered SC over the lateral palmar digital nerves of horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES: The hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL) period was determined by use of a focused heat lamp before and after administration of procaine with and without epinephrine. Blood samples were collected immediately before determination of each HWRL period to assess plasma concentrations of procaine via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). RESULTS: 10 but not 5 mg of procaine alone and 5 and 10 mg of procaine administered with epinephrine significantly prolonged the HWRL period (mean durations of effect, 5, 120 and 180 minutes, respectively), compared with baseline values. Plasma procaine concentrations did not correlate well with local anesthetic activity; for example, although the HWRL was prolonged to the maximum permitted duration of 20 seconds at 60 to 180 minutes following administration of the 5-mg dose of procaine with epinephrine in certain horses, plasma procaine concentrations were less than the limit of quantitation of the LC-MS-MS assay. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Small doses of procaine coadministered with epinephrine provided long-lasting local analgesia and resulted in plasma procaine concentrations that were not always detectable via LC-MS-MS. On the basis of these results, the use of regulatory limits or thresholds for procaine concentration in equine plasma samples obtained after racing should be seriously reconsidered.     

Epidural anaesthesia in donkeys.

Epidural anaesthesia was tested on 40 donkeys. The second intercoccygeal space was found suitable for satisfactory induction and a dose of 8 to 10 ml of 1 per cent procaine hydrochloride was recommended for inducing posterior epidural anaesthesia and 30 ml of 2 per cent for anterior epidural anaesthesia.