湛江地区主要甘蔗品种蔗汁纯度变化规律分析

甘蔗蔗汁纯度的高低是评价甘蔗质量及蔗糖品质优劣的重要指标。纯度越高,则越接近干固物数值,说明糖分含量越高。本试验利用湛江地区7个不同品种的甘蔗,对甘蔗纯度的变化规律进行了分析和总结。在甘蔗成熟过程中,随糖分的积累的同时,纯度(包括简纯度AP和重力纯度GP)均不断增加,简纯度和重力纯度交互变化,存在一个交点,交点后的纯度变化曲线趋于平稳,并呈现出一定的下降趋势,糖分也有相对应的下降趋势。用蔗汁蔗糖分对简纯度和重力纯度分别作回归分析,简单回归模型均达极显著水平(P<0.01),同时回归系数和回归截距也达极显著水平(P<0.01),方程分别为Suc=-15.5716 0.399 16AP和Suc=-16.776 5 0.409 4GP,决定系数分别为0.852709和0.79877。通过纯度与蔗汁蔗糖分变化趋势线的对比,可以明显看出,在重力纯度和简纯度达到相等时,即纯度比最接近1时,蔗汁糖分也几乎处于最高值。     

玉米籽粒比重与灌浆特性的关系

【目的】玉米籽粒比重与容重呈显著正相关,容重偏低一直是中国玉米低商品品质的主要问题之一。论文旨在探讨玉米籽粒比重在籽粒灌浆过程中的建成动态及其与籽粒灌浆特性的关系,以期为提高籽粒比重和容重,改善玉米商品品质提供理论依据。【方法】选用普通型品种农大108（ND108）、硬粒型品种费玉4号（FY4）、高淀粉型品种费玉3号（FY3）和郑单18（ZD18）为供试材料,对授粉后玉米籽粒的干比重、鲜比重、百粒干重、单粒鲜体积和水分含量进行测定,采用回归分析讨论比重与灌浆特性的关系。【结果】籽粒鲜比重授粉后随着籽粒的发育呈上升趋势,到成熟期趋于稳定;而干比重在灌浆前期处于下降趋势,授粉后20-35 d是其增长的快速时期,到灌浆后期基本趋于稳定;成熟期FY4、FY3及ZD18籽粒干比重和鲜比重均大于对照ND108。百粒干重和单粒鲜体积在灌浆前期增长迅速,之后增长速率变缓,至成熟期逐渐趋于稳定,其授粉后的变化趋势均可用Logistic曲线较好的模拟,各回归方程的相关系数在0.986-0.999,均达到显著水平,FY4、FY3和ZD18成熟期百粒干重和单粒鲜体积均大于ND108;授粉后随着干物质的不断积累,籽粒水分含量迅速下降,平均每天下降1.302个百分点。籽粒鲜比重与百粒干重（R²=0.851,P＜0.01）、单粒鲜体积（R²=0.594,P＜0.05）均呈显著正相关,而与水分含量（R²=0.803,P＜0.01）呈显著负相关。以灌浆期的百粒干重,单粒鲜体积和水分含量为自变量x,籽粒干比重为依变量y,用二次曲线方程y=a+bx+cx²对它们之间的回归关系进行拟合,方差分析表明各方程回归系数在0.623-0.748,F检验均达到显著水平（P＜0.01）,其中干比重与籽粒水分含量的关系最为密切（r=0.731,P＜0.01）。当百粒干重、单粒鲜体积和水分含量分别为18.75 g、0.589 cm³和61.5%时,干比重处于最小值,此时对应的各品种授粉后天数分别在24.0-28.1 d、16.3-20.7 d和21.1-23.6 d,均处在籽粒快速增长期,说明在16-28 d内籽粒快增持续期阶段内,是籽粒干比重形成的关键时期。【结论】籽粒干比重在灌浆前期处于下降趋势,之后快速增长到灌浆后期基本趋于稳定;籽粒灌浆快增持续期是干比重形成的关键时期,此期间影响籽粒灌浆将显著影响干比重的大小;干比重与籽粒水分含量的关系最为密切,回归系数达0.731。     

Atom interferometer measurement of the newtonian constant of gravity

We measured the Newtonian constant of gravity, G, using a gravity gradiometer based on atom interferometry. The gradiometer measures the differential acceleration of two samples of laser-cooled Cs atoms. The change in gravitational field along one dimension is measured when a well-characterized Pb mass is displaced. Here, we report a value of G = 6.693 x 10(-11) cubic meters per kilogram second squared, with a standard error of the mean of +/-0.027 x 10(-11) and a systematic error of +/-0.021 x 10(-11) cubic meters per kilogram second squared. The possibility that unknown systematic errors still exist in traditional measurements makes it important to measure G with independent methods.     

Borehole measurement of the newtonian gravitational constant

It has been reported that the geophysically determined Newtonian gravitational constant is consistently larger than the laboratory value by 1 to 2% on the basis of gravity measurements in Australian mines. This discrepancy may have strong implications for the physics of gravitation. To test whether similar results can be observed in a different geological environment, gravity measurements in a Michigan borehole have been examined. Although these results cannot be taken as conclusive, owing to the large uncertainties involved in mass determination on a geophysical scale, these measurements are generally consistent with those of the Australian experiment.     

Gravity field and internal structure of Mercury from MESSENGER

Radio tracking of the MESSENGER spacecraft has provided a model of Mercury's gravity field. In the northern hemisphere, several large gravity anomalies, including candidate mass concentrations (mascons), exceed 100 milli-Galileos (mgal). Mercury's northern hemisphere crust is thicker at low latitudes and thinner in the polar region and shows evidence for thinning beneath some impact basins. The low-degree gravity field, combined with planetary spin parameters, yields the moment of inertia C/MR(2) = 0.353 ± 0.017, where M and R are Mercury's mass and radius, and a ratio of the moment of inertia of Mercury's solid outer shell to that of the planet of C(m)/C = 0.452 ± 0.035. A model for Mercury's radial density distribution consistent with these results includes a solid silicate crust and mantle overlying a solid iron-sulfide layer and an iron-rich liquid outer core and perhaps a solid inner core.     

Dissipation of Planetary Atmospheres

Escape-level density is approximately inversely proportional to gravity and with decreasing mass will tend toward that of interplanetary gas. When this value is reached, dissipation must cease. The minimum possible ground density of lunar air is calculated to be 10(-12) that of the air at normal temperature and pressure. Ionization creates a binding electrostatic charge at the escape level.     

Subaru telescope observations of Deep Impact

The impact cratering process on a comet is controversial but holds the key for interpreting observations of the Deep Impact collision with comet 9P/Tempel 1. Mid-infrared data from the Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer (COMICS) of the Subaru Telescope indicate that the large-scale dust plume ejected by the impact contained a large mass (approximately 10(6) kilograms) of dust and formed two wings approximately +/-45 degrees from the symmetric center, both consistent with gravity as the primary control on the impact and its immediate aftermath. The dust distribution in the inner part of the plume, however, is inconsistent with a pure gravity control and implies that evaporation and expansion of volatiles accelerated dust.     

Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica

Using measurements of time-variable gravity from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites, we determined mass variations of the Antarctic ice sheet during 2002-2005. We found that the mass of the ice sheet decreased significantly, at a rate of 152 +/- 80 cubic kilometers of ice per year, which is equivalent to 0.4 +/- 0.2 millimeters of global sea-level rise per year. Most of this mass loss came from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.     

不同盐水比重选种对水稻产量及品质的影响

不同品种、不同盐水比重选种试验结果表明,选种时的盐水比重大,秧苗素质好,田间生长优势明显,出苗率提高6.9%,增产幅度达2.4%～5.6%。小粒型品种的盐水选种比大粒型品种增产幅度高1.4%～4.7%,晚熟品种比早熟品种增产幅度高1.1%～3.6%。但不同盐水比重选种对米质的影响不大。     

喷施木醋酸对苹果树叶片和果实品质的影响

为探索木醋酸在苹果生产中作为植物生长调节剂的功能和作用,通过木醋酸及其与沼液耦合喷施苹果树,研究木醋酸和其沼醋耦合液对苹果树叶片生长及苹果品质的影响,结果表明:单施木醋酸,苹果树叶绿素的质量分数为47.72mg/g,比对照高4.57%;叶面积为32.57cm2,比对照高8.49%;百叶厚度为5.03cm,比对照高1.21%;百叶鲜质量为75.16g,比对照高6.96%;百叶干质量为32.59g,比对照高0.59%。单施木醋酸平均单果质量为210.2g,比对照高3.8%;相对体积质量为0.89,比对照高3.49%;可溶性糖质量分数为11.4g/100g,比对照高11.8%;总酸质量分数为2.93g/kg,比对照低0.68%;维生素C质量分数为1.25mg/100g,比对照高17.92%;蛋白质质量分数为0.38g/100g,比对照高5.56%,除相对体积质量外其他指标均达到差异显著水平。证实木醋酸及其与沼液耦合喷施,对促进苹果树叶片生长发育和提高苹果品质具有较好的协同增效作用。     

有机Cr对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋黄胆固醇质量分数的影响

前后做了２个试验．试验Ⅰ选用８０只６０周龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡,随机分为１个对照组（ＣＫ）和４个处理组（Ｔ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３、Ｔ４）．处理组Ｔ１、Ｔ２分别在日粮中添加质量分数为０．４×１０－ ６和０．８×１０－ ６（以Ｃｒ计）的无机氯化铬（ＣｒＣ１３·６Ｈ２Ｏ）;处理组Ｔ３、Ｔ４分别在日粮中添加质量分数为０．４×１０－ ６和０．８×１０－ ６（以Ｃｒ计）的铬酵母（Ｃｒｙｅａｓｔ, Ｃｒ－Ｙ）．试验Ⅱ选用９０只５５周龄父母代种用蛋鸡,同样分成１个ＣＫ 组和４个处理组（ｔ１、ｔ２、ｔ３、ｔ４）．处理组ｔ１,ｔ２分别在日粮中添加质量分数为０．４×１０－ ６和０．８×１０－ ６（以Ｃｒ计）的Ｃｒ－Ｙ;ｔ３,ｔ４分别在日粮中添加质量分数为０．４×１０－ ６和０．８×１０－ ６（以Ｃｒ计）的烟酸铬（Ｃｒ ｎｉｃｏｔｉｎａｔｅ, Ｃｒ－Ｎｉｃ）．２个试验均为期１个月．结果表明,日粮补充无机Ｃｒ或有机Ｃｒ对产蛋鸡各项生产性能未见明显影响,但于试验未,添加有机Ｃｒ组的蛋黄胆固醇质量分数和血清总胆固醇水平均比ＣＫ组和无机Ｃｒ组显著降低,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平则有所提高;有机Ｃｒ组中质量分数为０．８×１０－ ６的与０．４×１０－ ６的相比,前者作?     

A network of superconducting gravimeters detects submicrogal coseismic gravity changes

With high-resolution continuous gravity recordings from a regional network of superconducting gravimeters, we have detected permanent changes in gravity acceleration associated with a recent large earthquake. Detected changes in gravity acceleration are smaller than 10(-8) meters seconds(-2) (1 micro-Galileo, about 10(-9) times the surface gravity acceleration) and agree with theoretical values calculated from a dislocation model. Superconducting gravimetry can contribute to the studies of secular gravity changes associated with tectonic processes.     

Fluid core size of Mars from detection of the solar tide

The solar tidal deformation of Mars, measured by its k2 potential Love number, has been obtained from an analysis of Mars Global Surveyor radio tracking. The observed k2 of 0.153 +/- 0.017 is large enough to rule out a solid iron core and so indicates that at least the outer part of the core is liquid. The inferred core radius is between 1520 and 1840 kilometers and is independent of many interior properties, although partial melt of the mantle is one factor that could reduce core size. Ice-cap mass changes can be deduced from the seasonal variations in air pressure and the odd gravity harmonic J3, given knowledge of cap mass distribution with latitude. The south cap seasonal mass change is about 30 to 40% larger than that of the north cap.     

A Study on Artificial Hatching of Chinese Bombyx mandarina Moore

Diapause eggs of Bombyx mandarina Moore from Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, China, were used to study the artificial hatching of B. mandarina Moore. The results showed that the highest hatchability was obtained by instant treatment with hydrochloric acid （HC1, specific gravity 1.065-1.075） for 5 rain under 46℃. After the B. mandarina eggs were cold stored at 5℃ for 40 days, the highest hatchability was obtained by treatment with HC1 （specific gravity 1.092） for 6 minutes under 47.8℃. For the B. mandarina eggs that were stored at 25℃ for 28 d and then cold-stored at 5℃ for 0-100 days, the highest hatchability was obtained by treatment with HCI （specific gravity 1.092） for 6 rain at 47.8℃. The longer the cold storage period, the higher was the hatchability. Acid treatment on diapause eggs of B. mandarina for 6 rains at 47.8℃ with hydrochloric acid （specific gravity 1.092） before hatching in spring could obviously shorten the hatching stage and increase the hatchability.     

中国稻谷生产的重心演变路径及偏移分析

本文利用1949-2009年全国31个省(市,自治区)稻谷种植面积、总产量及单产资料,分析全国稻谷种植面积重心、总产量重心以及单产重心的移动轨迹、偏移距离等。结果表明:(1)1949-2009年,稻谷种植面积重心、总产量重心,整体上均呈现出向东北方向移动的趋势。(2)稻谷单产重心偏移轨迹从东西方向来看,20世纪50、60年代先向东偏移,此后逐渐向西回归;从南北方向上来看,单产重心呈现波动上升、下降趋势,大约在33°N-34°N之间移动。(3)从重心总偏移距离来看,种植面积最小,总产量次之,单产最大;从偏移方向来看,三者均是向东北、西南方向偏移的年份居多,说明稻谷生产东北、西南方向的发展不平衡状态较西北、东南方向的严重。(4)稻谷种植面积和总产量在南北方向上的动态变化相对东西向的变化剧烈,而单产则是东西向的变化比南北向的变化剧烈。     

超重力对绿豆幼苗MDA含量及酶活性的影响

本试验以绿豆幼苗为材料,选择了600×g,1 000×g两个重力,4 h,8 h,16 h 3个处理时间,测定其丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化。结果表明:在相同重力条件下,缩短处理时间可以减少MDA含量,降低膜脂过氧化水平。在一定范围内,减少重力和缩短时间可以提高绿豆幼苗CAT活性和POD的活性。本次实验中600×g,4 h为较好的处理条件。     

棉苗立枯病生物防治的研究

木霉菌(Trichodermasp.)对棉立枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)的拮抗方式除了寄生作用外,还可以产生某种抑菌物质,影响棉立枯病菌的正常生长发育。用木霉菌制剂对棉苗立枯病进行田间防治试验,可以显著地压低其发病率,减轻病害的严重度,防治效果达65％左右。此外,尚有促进棉苗生长的作用。     

Crustal dilatation observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

We report the detection of an earthquake by a space-based measurement. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites observed a +/-15-microgalileo gravity change induced by the great December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Coseismic deformation produces sudden changes in the gravity field by vertical displacement of Earth's layered density structure and by changing the densities of the crust and mantle. GRACE's sensitivity to the long spatial wavelength of gravity changes resulted in roughly equal contributions of vertical displacement and dilatation effects in the gravity measurements. The GRACE observations provide evidence of crustal dilatation resulting from an undersea earthquake.     

新疆红枣不同处理贮藏及货架期品质变化规律的研究

[目的]以新疆三个红枣品种灰枣、河北脆枣、骏枣为试验材料,研究直接冷藏、保鲜袋+冷藏对鲜枣保鲜效果的影响及红枣货架期期间品质.[方法]研究其贮藏期间(0～49 d)在贮藏温度0℃、相对湿度90;～95;的不同处理条件下贮藏品质(质量损失、腐烂率、外观、硬度、可溶性固形物、总酸含量、VC含量、多酚氧化酶活力、还原糖含量)的变化和货架期(1～7 d)贮藏品质(质量损失、腐烂率、外观、感官、硬度、可溶性固形物含量)的变化.[结果]在整个贮藏期间,两个不同处理方式下,三个品种枣重量、硬度、VC含量呈现缓慢下降趋势,而可溶性固形物、总酸、还原糖含量则呈现缓慢上升趋势;多酚氧化酶活力呈现不规律的趋势;而保鲜袋+冷藏处理能较好的保持鲜枣的总酸、硬度、VC、重量损失情况;在货架期期间,两个不同处理方式下,三个品种枣重量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量呈现缓慢下降趋势,且保鲜袋+冷藏处理能较好的保持鲜枣的硬度、重量损失、可溶性固形物含量情况.[结论]就三个品种而言,灰枣和河北脆枣较耐贮藏,更适于进行保鲜;就两种处理而言,保鲜袋+冷藏处理更适用于鲜枣的保鲜.     

Molecular Weight: Measurements with Gravity Cells

A gravity cell can be used to determine the weights of particles greater than 10(8) molecular weight units. The solution is maintained at a temperature which is constant to +/- 0.001 degrees C until equilibrium between sedimentation produced by gravity is balanced by back diffusion. The weight-average molecular (particle) weight of tipula iridescent virus was (1.05 +/- 0.02) x 10(9).