Oncology Virtual Issue Articles

The following three articles have been published online as part of the EVE Oncology Virtual Issue which is available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/eve     

Oncology Virtual Issue Articles

The following three articles have been published online as part of the EVE Oncology Virtual Issue which is available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/eve     

疫情下生物制药专业核心课程在线教学效果调查

本文从授课教师角度,以 2018 级生物制药本科生分子生物学教学为例,对学生的学习情况进行了调查,97% 以上的学生对分子生物学在线教学感到比较满意、满意,77% 的学生对在线学习效果感到非常满意、 满意,37% 的学生知识掌握程度非常好 、好。对于课前预习课件,47% 的学生认为课前预习课件对学习的帮助很大。并介绍了在严峻形势下开展在线教学的具体实施措施,为进一步推动疫情防控期间高校在线教学提供实践经验。     

基于超星泛雅教学平台的在线开放课程研究——以动物生理学课程为例

动物生理学作为农业院校的专业基础课程之一,内容庞杂、抽象,知识更新快。根据动物生理学课程特点,依托超星泛雅教学平台,从课程内容设计、学生参与度提升、线上线下混合式教学模式构建、考核评价方式改革等方面进行探索,以期为提高动物生理学课程的教学质量提供依据,同时也为同类在线开放课程的建设提供参考。     

绵羊miR-150靶基因预测及生物信息学分析

为探究miR-150在绵羊卵巢中的调控机制,本研究利用生物信息学方法对miR-150进行靶基因预测与分析。通过miRBase数据库获取miR-150成熟序列,进行序列比对和保守性分析;利用Ensemble数据库搜索miR-150前体序列,并利用PROMO在线软件对其上游2 000 bp的启动子区进行转录因子结合位点预测;通过TargetScan和miRwalk在线软件预测并取靶基因的交集,采用DAVID和KOBAS在线软件对预测靶基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析;利用Networkanalyst在线软件对靶基因进行功能性蛋白的互作分析,绘制miR-150靶基因参与的调控网络;利用YM500V2在线软件分析miR-150靶基因在不同组织和疾病中的差异表达水平。结果显示,miR-150成熟序列在不同物种间具有高度保守性;miR-150启动子区存在p53、ID1、FOXO4等转录因子结合位点。GO功能分析结果显示,主要富集在RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子转录的正调控等生物过程,锌离子结合、DNA结合、转录DNA模板等分子功能,以及核、核质、胞质、胞质核周区域等细胞组分。KEGG通路富集结果显示,主要富集在癌症通路、癌症中蛋白聚糖、人乳头瘤病毒感染、乳腺癌、调节干细胞多能性等信号通路。miR-150靶基因互作分析发现,靶基因PIK3R1、PIK3CB、CTNNB1与其他蛋白存在较多靶向关系,参与了雌激素信号通路、细胞衰老、磷脂酰肌醇信号系统、TGF-β等通路。根据YM500V2在线软件分析miR-150在不同组织和疾病中的表达发现,在血液中表达水平最高,在卵巢、胰腺、淋巴和皮肤中表达水平相对较高,在脑和肾上腺皮质中表达水平很低或不表达。通过对绵羊miR-150靶基因的生物信息学分析,为其功能和调控机制研究提供参考依据,为绵羊miR-150在卵巢发育中的调控机制奠定基础。     

我国兽药产品网络销售现状及管理对策

随着电商营销的发展,兽药销售的网络平台陆续涌现,如何建立兽药网络销售准入标准、审批程序及监管措施已成为监管部门和相关企业亟需解决的课题。本文梳理了我国兽药产品网络销售现状,借鉴人用药品网络销售管理经验,建议在国家出台《中华人民共和国电子商务法》的基础上,结合《兽药管理条例》修订,完善我国兽药网络销售相关配套法规,明确第三方平台的责任义务,构建全国兽药经营企业数据库管理系统,推进兽药二维码追溯体系建设,对兽药网络营销企业分类管理和准入管理等措施,以期为提升我国兽药网络销售监管水平提供信息支持。     

网络多媒体教学系统的设计

通过分析国内外现有的网络教学系统，笔者对基于三层结构的网络多媒体课件系统的功能模块进行了研究和设计，得出该网络多媒体教学系统具有强大的网上教学、网上备课、在线学习等功能。     

“互联网+”背景下毛皮动物饲养学在线开放课程的建设

以“互联网+”为背景,对毛皮动物饲养学在线开放课程的建设进行了阐述,分析了毛皮动物饲养学在线开放课程的主要特色和创新点,以及该课程存在的不足,并提出了一套完善的保障措施。     

论网络学习系统的自组织机制

网络教育是社会信息化的重要领域,网络学习是网络教育的主要学习方式.文中在分析网络学习系统特征的基础上,探讨了网络学习系统的自组织机制,即网络学习系统的开放性、非平衡性、非线性相互作用和涨落机制.     

Active Participation Instead of Passive Behaviour Opens Up New Vistas in Education of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology

Teaching morphology, a fundamental part of medicine curricula is traditionally based on lectures and practical trainings. We introduced peer-assisted learning (PAL) and student expert teams to the courses to give the students the possibility to improve their free speech and self-confidence. We involved students in active preparation of online materials such as labelled e-slides and e-pics . We offered online digital microscopy (Zoomify^TM) and dissection (CyberPrep) allowing repeating the learned material and studying veterinary morphology outside the dissection theatre. Over 60% of first and third semester students profited from being a peer or being taught by a peer and 50% said the expert teams were an excellent method to learn the topographic anatomy. Almost all students applied Zoomify^TM and CyberPrep and 75% of them found the digital microscopy and dissection to be a helpful or very helpful learning tool. In face of reduced contact hours, these forms of education compensated in part the lost teaching time. We observed improvement of rhetoric and presentation skills and self-confidence. The approaches should therefore find their constant place in the veterinary medicine curricula.     

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs and Cats: Online Support for Veterinarians and Owners

Pet owners increasingly refer to online sources before, during, and after seeking veterinary advice for their pets. Although some online information is inaccurate or unhelpful, there is much useful material, and we believe much is to be gained by directing owners to online material that supports and complements veterinary advice. With regard to managing veterinary patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), there is an excellent online community that not only offers moral support and practical advice, but also facilitates clinical research and fundraising. For genetic diseases like canine EPI that affect primarily young animals, but for which a decade or more of treatment can reasonably be expected, online support can greatly facilitate optimal lifelong management. In this article we provide some information that may be of value when veterinarians consider which web sites to recommend to their clients managing patients with EPI.     

数字营销视域下饲料企业线上营销模式优化分析

饲料产业是一个涉及农业、饲养业和服务业的传统型产业,具有较为完善的产业链体系,同时也具有相对稳固的发展模式.饲料行业的发展对我国经济的发展具有重要的作用,数字营销环境下,互联网和大数据为饲料企业的线上业务开展带来了机遇和挑战,为了使饲料企业得到更好的发展,饲料企业必须要抓住数字营销的机遇,克服困境,积极实施线上营销模式...     

The application of information technology in the teaching of veterinary epidemiology and public health

Information technology (IT) is an imprecise term currently used to describe computer-based techniques for data manipulation, storage, dissemination, publication, and retrieval. IT possesses several characteristics that promote meaningful learning, including (1) just-in-time, personalized; (2) student-centered versus teacher-centric; (3) self-paced; (4) anytime, anywhere; and (5) discovery (through bibliographic and other information searches). However, if done improperly, IT-based teaching can be counterproductive. Factors to consider when evaluating the effectiveness of IT-based teaching methods include (1) content, (2) learning, (3) delivery support, (4) usability, and (5) technological. IT has been used to support instruction in epidemiology and public health at many levels, ranging from basic computer literacy to hands-on training in epidemiological methods through computer-based problem sets, case workups, outbreak investigations, and tutorials. Online quizzes based on articles selected from practice-oriented journals have been used to promote evidence-based medicine skills, including the critical evaluation of medical claims. As online access and delivery improve, opportunities for substantive online education and lifelong learning through IT have expanded. One of the most novel and comprehensive implementations of collaborative online sharing of educational content in epidemiology and public health is the Epidemiology Supercourse (http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/). More than 9,000 faculty from 118 countries have contributed to an online library of more than 700 lectures with quality control and adherence to accepted pedagogic principles. The goal is to improve teaching and research in epidemiology and public health worldwide. Although the focus is on human medicine, the concepts, methods, and principles can easily be applied to veterinary medicine. The Association for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (AVEPM) seeks to heighten awareness of issues in veterinary epidemiology and public health education among veterinary educators through various forums, symposia, and workshops. The AVEPM Web site (http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/avepm/) includes a listing of educational software and Web sites supporting epidemiology and public health education.     

Online small animal case simulations, a.k.a. the Virtual Veterinary Clinic

Six years of experience at Washington State University's College of Veterinary Medicine using an online, asynchronous, problem-solving small animal case simulation tool are presented. Student satisfaction with the online problem-solving experience was high, and the majority of students felt that the experience was realistic and worthwhile. The effort required to keep the experience realistic required a large investment of time by instructors, which ultimately led to discontinuation of the online course. A summary of features to consider when creating case simulations is presented.     

互联网+背景下《动物繁殖学》线上线下有机融合教学模式设计研究

《动物繁殖学》是高等学校动物科学专业必修的核心主干课程,研究动物生殖活动及其调控规律和调控技术的一门基础应用学科。互联网+背景下,《动物繁殖学》线上线下有机结合教学对激发学生学习兴趣、提高自主学习能力、提高教师教学水平和教学质量有重要意义。本文在分析总结高校课程线上线下有机融合（混合式）教学模式应用现状和《动物繁殖学》的线上线下结合教学现状,并设计探讨《动物繁殖学》线上线下有机融合教学模式,以期推动《动物繁殖学》教学改革,创新教学方式提供借鉴。     

The return on investment in online education

In the decade since online education emerged in higher education, digital learning has become increasingly commonplace. Various models exist-from those offered fully online to others that combine traditional classroom time with some online activities. This article identifies the dominant emergent models, provides examples of their implementation across higher-education institutions, and evaluates the cost analyses conducted to date on this relatively new teaching and learning model. The ways in which we determine the return on investment depend upon the cost indicators selected, the measures of effectiveness used, and the indices by which institutions mark progress toward their educational and cost objectives.     

犬瘟热病毒血凝蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达与抗原性分析

为获得具有天然构象及良好抗原性的犬瘟热病毒（CDV）血凝蛋白（H）,本研究以HLJ2-07毒株为模板,利用RT-PCR方法扩增出H基因,将其克隆到pFastBac^TMHTA载体中,利用大肠杆菌DH10Bac^TM同源重组构建穿梭质粒reBACmid-rH,将重组穿梭质粒转染Sf9昆虫细胞,进行杆状病毒表达。利用Western blotting对获得的重组蛋白进行鉴定及抗原性分析。同时,利用在线网站与软件对CDV H蛋白进行B细胞表位分析预测。结果显示,在杆状病毒系统中表达的H蛋白能与His-tag单克隆抗体及CDV阳性血清发生特异性反应,表明该蛋白成功表达,且具有良好的反应原性;用Swiss-model同源建模软件及B细胞表位预测软件,预测H蛋白可能具有的B细胞表位有5处,分别是175-195、240-250、365-380、480-508及526-555。本研究获得了具有天然构象及良好抗原性的CDV重组H蛋白,可为诊断试剂开发、单克隆抗体制备及表位筛选等工作奠定基础。     

鸡EED基因的原核表达与生物信息学分析

本研究旨在获得鸡胚胎外胚层发育（embryonic ectoderm development，EED）原核表达蛋白，并利用生物信息学方法探索其潜在生物学功能。以提取的3日龄雏鸡脾脏总RNA为模板，利用RT-PCR技术扩增鸡EED基因，将其克隆至pET-32a （+）载体，构建重组表达载体pET-32a-EED，转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta感受态细胞中进行IPTG诱导表达；Western blotting检测经镍离子亲和层析法纯化的鸡EED蛋白，并利用在线软件对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示，鸡EED基因序列全长1 341 bp，与参考序列（GenBank登录号：NM_001031376.1）相似性为99.85％；当诱导温度为28 ℃，加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导剂诱导表达7 h时，可在重组菌裂解上清中纯化得到分子质量约70 ku的鸡EED融合蛋白。在线软件分析表明，鸡EED蛋白相对分子质量为50 377.92，理论等电点（pI）为6.54，为亲水蛋白，无跨膜结构域和信号肽序列，该蛋白序列与人多疏蛋白EED三级结构模板序列（6c23.1）相似，同样具有肿瘤靶点WD40结构域。结果表明，本研究成功获得大肠杆菌表达的鸡EED可溶性蛋白，且该蛋白具有重要的功能元件，可为深入探索鸡EED蛋白的生物学功能与调控机理提供材料。     

绵羊miR-200b对卵泡颗粒细胞周期和凋亡的影响

旨在揭示miR-200b在绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞的作用。本研究利用在线工具（TargetScan、miRTarBase及miRDB）预测miR-200b的靶基因,并利用KOBAS对其进行GO和KEGG通路富集分析。将分离培养的绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞分为4组,分别转染miR-200b mimic、mimic NC、miR-200b inhibitor和inhibitor NC,每组6个重复。采用CCK8法分别检测转染24、48和72 h颗粒细胞的存活率;采用荧光定量PCR检测miR-200b、CDK4、CDK6、CCND1、CCND2、Bax和Bcl-2基因的表达水平。利用3种在线工具预测到25个miR-200b的共同靶基因,GO和KEGG通路富集分析发现这些基因富集在细胞的增殖分化、细胞周期及生殖发育过程;转染miR-200b mimic、miR-200b inhibitor和NC后,颗粒细胞存活率随时间延长呈“V”型趋势降低,且48 h达最低（P<0.01）;miR-200b inhibitor与inhibitor NC组相比,miR-200b表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）;与mimic NC相比,miR-200b mimic组极显著促进miR-200b表达（P<0.001）,显著下调CDK4（P<0.01）、CDK6（P<0.001）和CCND1（P<0.001）、CCND2（P<0.05）和Bcl-2（P<0.01）基因表达水平,Bax表达并无显著变化（P>0.05）,且极显著下调Bcl-2与Bax比值（P<0.001）。综上所述,miR-200b抑制绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞细胞周期和增殖并促进其凋亡。