大蒜气生鳞茎的快速繁殖作用研究

报道了云顶早、二水早、成蒜早2号和成蒜早3号等4个旱薹蒜品种产生气生鳞茎(天蒜)的特性,不同品种间产生天蒜的数量有差异,为27～36粒/株,天蒜的质量与留薹植株的茎粗呈极显著的线性关系,留天蒜不影响地下蒜头的分瓣,与划茎式采薹对照比较,留天蒜植株的地蒜单头质量增加30%.天蒜合理的播种密度为147万粒/hm2,留一季天蒜的增殖系数是常规蒜种的增殖系数的3.7倍,连续留2季,则增长到11倍.     

汉中地区早薹蒜品种比较试验

针对汉中大蒜主产区薹蒜品种单一、抽薹晚的问题,从四川引进6个早薹蒜品种与当地主栽品种紫皮蒜进行品种比较试验.试验结果表明,这6个引进品种抽薹期均早于本地品种,其中彭县早蒜和成蒜早2号在蒜薹和蒜头的熟期、丰产性、商品性方面综合表现突出,可在汉中地区大面积示范推广.     

简易大棚早薹蒜栽培技术

经长期实践,我们总结出了一套利用简易大棚种植早薹蒜的高效栽培技术,平均667m2产值5000多元,同时还有利于解决蔬菜栽培的重茬问题。1品种选用选用薹瓣兼用,且植株长势旺、抽薹早的品种。如早薹蒜2号,该品种植株高大,一般株高75～90cm,最大叶宽4cm,抽薹早,薹长60～80cm,薹径0.8～1.2cm,单薹重30～40g,抽薹率98%以上,667m2蒜薹产量可达1000kg。2播种技术2.1选地大蒜对土壤适应性较强,除盐碱沙荒地外都能生长,但由于根系浅,所以以富含有机质、肥沃的沙质壤土或壤土为宜。2.2整地施肥基肥以有机肥为主,因地膜覆盖栽培大蒜施肥不便,加之养分淋溶…     

大蒜新品种成蒜早2号和成蒜早3号的选育

成蒜早2号和成蒜早3号是从温江蒜的自然变异株中,经系统选育而成的早熟新品种.成蒜早2号从播种到蒜薹始收需153～180 d(天),平均单薹质量12.7 g,单头质量10.7 g,多数蒜头由6～9瓣组成,蒜瓣紧密抱握蒜薹轴,一般蒜薹和蒜头产量分别为340和350 kg·(667 m2)-1,抽薹比温江蒜早,抗寒力比温江蒜弱;成蒜早3号从播种到蒜薹始收需153～186 d(天),平均单薹质量和单头质量分别为14.5和12.0 g,多数蒜头由5～8瓣组成.一般蒜薹和蒜头产量分别为320和410kg·(667 m2)-1,抽薹比温江蒜早,抗寒力与温江蒜相当.     

衡阳早薹蒜

衡阳早薹蒜是衡阳市郊菜农通过对“隆安红蒜”的多年选择,以蒜苗粗壮、抽薹早为主要特点的优良大蒜品种。一、特征特性植株直立,叶宽茎粗,长势旺盛,株高60厘米,叶片长条形,长46厘米,宽3.2厘米,绿色,叶面有     

不同大蒜种质资源产品器官生长发育特性研究

以29个大蒜品种资源为供试材料,在济宁地区比较了不同大蒜品种的蒜苗、蒜薹和鳞茎的生长特性。试验结果表明,38、10和12号品种在大苗期表现为假茎粗、植株高,适合作蒜苗生产品种;57号品种抽薹期早且产量高,适宜作早薹蒜生产品种;40、14、36、27、35和34号品种的蒜瓣大、瓣数多、蒜头大,较其他品种表现突出,可以作为蒜头生产品种在济宁地区进行引种、推广种植。     

贵州地区大蒜品种比较试验

贵州三都县种植大蒜具有悠久的历史,群众过去都是种植本地紫皮蒜,该品种抽薹晚,成薹率低,后期因春季温暖易受病虫侵害,且群众无提纯复壮观念,故而出现品种严重退化,抽薹率降低,蒜头变小.为此,2004年我县特引进四川大蒜二水早、成蒜早2号、成蒜早3号、温江蒜等品种与本地紫皮蒜进行同田对比试验,以选择适宜我县生态环境的优良品种予以更换,使农民获得更高效益.     

大蒜不同品种及不同分瓣方式水培青蒜苗生长和品质产量的比较

在水培条件下,对大蒜品种‘金乡3号’、‘苍山糙蒜’和‘四川早薹’不同分瓣方式（单瓣、半头和整头）种植的青蒜苗生长和品质产量进行比较,结果表明：在单瓣种植条件下,‘金乡3号’的生长量（株高、假茎粗、假茎长及单株鲜质量）、综合品质及青蒜苗产量显著高于其他两个品种。‘金乡3号’单瓣种植的蒜苗生长量（株高、假茎粗、假茎长及单株鲜质量）、色素含量、光合参数、根系活力、综合品质及产量显著高于其他两个处理。因此,水培青蒜苗较好的品种为‘金乡3号’,且较好的种植方式为单瓣种植。     

紫菜薹新品种五彩紫薹二号的选育

1选育过程 五彩紫薹二号是以自交不亲和系9734和自交不亲和系944-709-2-1配制的一代杂交组合.9734是从湖北品种十月红二号与四川地方品种二早子杂交后代再自交多代定向选择而成,其主要特性是菜薹皮亮紫色、无蜡粉,薹生叶少(每根薹2～3片叶)薹生叶较小,菜薹品质好,植株侧薹发生能力强且整齐一致.植株生长势中等,耐寒,熟性约65天.另一亲本944-709-2-1则是以我们1998年育成的紫菜薹品种湘红一号的亲本之一J-7-2(四九菜心与十月红杂交后再自交分离出的株系)与湖南地方品种材料杂交,再多代自交定向选择而成,植株生长势较强,较耐热同时也较耐寒,抗逆性强,熟性在60天左右,菜薹皮深紫色、无蜡粉.     

沛县西南部薹蒜高产高效栽培技术

薹蒜是沛县西南部地区农民种植的主要经济作物,薹蒜套种接茬玉米,经济效益显著。每667 m2蒜薹产量600~850 kg,产值4 000~5 500元;干蒜头产量600~700 kg,产值600~1 500元。每667 m2总产值不低于4 600元,平均效益约3 000元。当地目前主栽品种为率丰2号和峨眉丰早,产品成熟早、产量高,品质优,市场俏销。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.