绵羊实验性宽苞棘豆中毒的病理学观察

通过瘤胃瘘管给6只本地绵羊每天投服宽苞棘豆(10g/kg),全部试验绵羊在试验第17～18d出现轻度中毒症状,第25～30d出现严重的中毒症状。实验第35d的病理组织学变化为神经细胞广泛的空泡变性、卫星现象及嗜神经元现象,肝、肾、心肌等组织细胞颗粒变性和空泡变性。     

疯草灵解毒缓释丸对黄花棘豆中毒绵羊血液常规指标的影响

为了探讨疯草灵解毒缓释丸对黄花棘豆中毒绵羊血液常规指标的影响,试验将16只绵羊随机分为1个对照组和3个试验组,每天按体重10 g/kg饲喂黄花棘豆,同时3个试验组羊分别投服1丸、2丸、3丸疯草灵解毒缓释丸,对照组不投服。结果表明:对照组绵羊在试验16～21 d出现黄花棘豆中毒症状,试验组分别在试验33～48 d、62～66 d、50～72 d出现黄花棘豆中毒症状;所有试验羊红细胞数、白细胞数、血细胞比容、血红蛋白与试验前相比没有明显变化。说明投服疯草灵解毒缓释丸对绵羊黄花棘豆中毒具有一定预防作用,但对血液常规指标没有明显影响。     

"疯草灵"解毒缓释丸预防绵羊黄花棘豆中毒试验

将8只绵羊随机分为试验组和对照组,每天按10 g/kg饲喂黄花棘豆Oxytropis ochrantha鲜草,同时试验组投服疯草灵解毒缓释丸3丸,对照组不投服,以探索疯草灵解毒缓释丸对绵羊黄花棘豆中毒的预防作用.结果表明:对照组在试验第16-21天出现黄花棘豆中毒症状,试验组在试验第50-72天出现黄花棘豆中毒症状;实验室结果为2组羊血清谷草转氨酶(SGOT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性、尿素氮(BUN)含量比试验前明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).表明投服3丸疯草灵解毒缓释丸对绵羊黄花棘豆中毒具有预防作用,但还不能完全防止黄花棘豆对绵羊肝脏和肾脏等组织器官的损害.     

黄花棘豆添加酶制剂青贮后对试验羊的毒性研究

在黄花棘豆中添加复合纤维素酶制剂进行青贮,并给4只试验羊每天按每千克体重10 g剂量投服添加酶制剂青贮后的黄花棘豆,探索添加酶制剂青贮后的黄花棘豆对试验羊的毒性作用.结果显示:黄花棘豆添加酶制剂青贮后效果较好;试验羊在连续投服添加酶制剂青贮后的黄花棘豆60d没有出现典型的黄花棘豆中毒症状;实验室检测结果表明,肝、肾功能指标在试验期间与试验前相比均有不同程度的升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),表明添加复合纤维素酶制剂青贮后黄花棘豆对试验羊的肝脏和肾脏具有一定损伤作用.     

青贮黄花棘豆对羊的毒性试验

利用青贮技术将黄花棘豆进行青贮,并给4只试验羊每天按每千克体重10 g剂量投服青贮后的黄花棘豆,探索青贮后的黄花棘豆对试验羊的毒性作用.结果表明:青贮后的黄花棘豆保持原有的绿色色泽,有清香味道,青贮效果较好;试验羊在60d连续投服青贮后的黄花棘豆,没有出现典型的黄花棘豆中毒症状;实验室检测结果表明血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶等活性和血清尿素氮、肌酐等含量在试验期间与实验前相比均有不同程度的升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),表明青贮后黄花棘豆对试验羊的肝脏、肾脏和肌肉具有一定损伤作用.     

“棘防C”预防山羊甘肃棘豆中毒初探

经瘤胃瘘管每天给５只山羊投服甘萧棘豆粉末，同时饮用本课题组研制的“棘防Ｃ”溶液，以探索其对山羊甘萧棘豆中毒的预防作用。结果试验羊在第２６￣３１ｄ出现甘肃棘豆中毒的临床症状，对照组羊（不预防组）在第１５￣１８ｄ出现甘肃棘豆中毒的临床症状。     

试验羊饲喂不同青贮处理黄花棘豆的病理组织学观察

采用3种不同青贮方法对黄花棘豆进行青贮,并每天按10 g/kg体重剂量给试验羊投服,观察黄花棘豆不同方法青贮后对试验羊的病理组织学影响。结果表明,3种方法青贮黄花棘豆后取得较好效果;试验羊连续投服60 d没有出现中毒症状,仅在试验期间提耳应激时表现为轻度转圈运动;病理组织学观察结果表明,试验羊的肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、小脑、脾脏和心肌等实质性组织均有不同程度的损伤,特别是大脑损伤最为明显,其中黄花棘豆添加酶制剂和"棘防E号"青贮组对试验羊肝脏、肺脏和肾脏的损伤比直接青贮组严重。     

腐敏散预防山羊甘肃棘豆中毒初探

采取从瘤胃瘘管每天给５只山羊投服甘肃棘豆粉（１０ｇ／ｋｇ）,同时用饮用２ｇ／Ｌ的腐敏散液的方法,以探索腐敏散对山羊甘肃棘豆中毒的预防作用。结果实验山羊在１５～１９ｄ出现甘肃棘豆中毒的临床症状,实验室检查两组山羊的血清ＳＧＯＴ活性和ＡＫＰ活性比实验前均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。中毒症状出现时间和实验室检查结果,实验组与对照组（不预防组）无明显的差异,表明腐敏散不能预防山羊甘肃棘豆中毒。     

棘豆中毒预防初探

本研究采用从瘤胃瘘管每天给２５只山羊和１５只绵羊投服甘啼粉末,同时选用本课题组研制的７种理论上可预防棘豆中毒的药物以探索其对山羊和绵羊甘肃棘豆中毒的预防作用。而保以康,腐敏散,及棘防Ｄ号则无预防作用。     

宽苞棘豆对绵羊的毒性研究

按每公斤体重１０ｇ的剂量每日经瘤胃瘘管给４只绵羊投服宽苞棘豆粉，试验羊在１７～１８ｄ出现中毒症状，表现为精神沉郁，目光呆滞，反应迟钝，喜卧，对提耳应激表现为转圈运动或摇头或头抵地；２５～３０ｄ出现严重中毒症状，食欲明显下降，步态蹒珊，后肢无力，行走时后躯摇摆如醉，最后卧地不起等。整个试验期间（７～３５ｄ）血清ＡＫＰ、ＧＯＴ活性及ＢＵＮ含量显著升高，尿低聚糖排泄增加，而ＬＤＨ活性和血清钙、无机磷、氯、钾和钠没有明显变化。主要病理组织学改变为神经细胞和胰腺泡细胞空泡变性；肝细胞、心肌细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、肾上腺实质细胞的颗粒变性及空泡变性     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.