45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦纹枯病和蚜虫的防治效果

为了解45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的防治效果及推广用量,室内试验以辽春10号为材料,研究了45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对小麦生长发育的影响及对纹枯病的防效;田间试验以济麦22和中麦895为试验材料,探索了45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC防治小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的推广剂量。结果发现,133~800g·100kg-1种子的45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对辽春10号发芽率、株高、根长及鲜重无明显影响;400~800g·100kg-1种子45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对辽春10号小麦纹枯病有较好防效。400~800g·100kg-1种子45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪FSC对中麦869纹枯病防效为66.4%~86.7%,明显高于对照药剂;对扬花末期蚜虫防效为95.8~97.3%,防效与对照药剂无明显差异;对济麦22纹枯病防效为55.8~62.7%,与对照药剂无明显差异;对扬花末期蚜虫防效为80.2~90.1%,与对照药剂无明显差异。45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病具有良好防治效果,推荐剂量为400~800g·100kg-1种子。     

四种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的田间防治效果

[目的]探讨不同杀虫剂对防治蔬菜害虫小菜蛾的效果研究。[方法]通过利用4种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的田间防治试验,找出对小菜蛾幼虫防治的有效方法。[结果]4种药剂对甘蓝小菜蛾幼虫均有防效,5%康宽的防治效果最好。[结论]建议推广使用5%康宽,可对小菜蛾进行有效防治。     

10.4%吡虫啉·烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病的防治效果

为了解10.4%吡虫啉·烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂对小麦纹枯病、蚜虫的防治效果及最佳用药量,采用室内和田间小区试验相结合的方法,以郑麦366为试验品种,以600g.L-1吡虫啉和12.5%烯唑醇为对照药剂,设置3种不同药种质量比(1∶50、1∶60、1∶70)处理,研究不同剂量的10.4%吡虫啉.烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明,10.4%吡虫啉.烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂包衣对小麦发芽、出苗和生长无不良影响,用药剂量越大,对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病的防治效果越好。在防治蚜虫方面,该种衣剂在药种比为1∶50和1∶60时防效分别为85.61%～97.71%和80.15%～93.38%,与对照药剂600g.L-1吡虫啉FS1∶300包衣效果差异不显著;药种比为1∶70时,在蚜虫发生前期和中后期防效分别为91.32%～94.91%和74.88%～83.27%,其中中后期防效显著低于药种比1∶50、1∶60和对照药剂处理。在防治纹枯病和枯白穗方面,该种衣剂在药种比为1∶50时防效分别为76.91%～86.64%和78.29%,与对照药剂12.5%烯唑醇WP 1∶1500拌种处理差异不显著;药种比为1∶60时的防效分别为69.14%～80.87%和72.68%,显著低于药种比1∶50包衣处理,与对照药剂差异不显著;药种比为1∶70时防效分别为60.75%～78.35%和64.43%,显著低于药种比1∶50、1∶60和对照药剂。以上结果说明,10.4%吡虫啉·烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病具有良好防治效果,最佳使用剂量为药种比1∶50～1∶60。     

40%己唑醇·嘧菌酯SC防治水稻纹枯病的田间试验研究

为了验证40%已唑醇·嘧菌酯SC对水稻纹枯病的防治效果,在黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院试验地进行田间试验。试验结果表明:40%己唑醇·嘧菌酯SC对水稻纹枯病有较好的防治效果,发病初期连续施药2次,间隔15 d,对纹枯病最高防效为80.13%,经方差分析,处理药剂48 g(a.i.)/hm~2与对照药剂40%嘧菌酯SC防效相当,显著高于对照药剂40%己唑醇SC,处理药剂72、96 g(a.i.)/hm~2剂量下的防效与对照药剂防效达到差异极显著水平,且对供试作物安全。适用剂量以48～96 g(a.i.)/hm~2为宜。     

不同药剂防治水稻纹枯病大田药效试验

为筛选防治水稻纹枯病的理想药剂,2016年在古田县凤埔乡福全村进行了不同药剂防治水稻纹枯病试验,筛选结果,24%噻呋酰胺SC和30%笨甲·丙环唑EC的防效与对照相比较达极显著水平,同时防效也明显优于其它参试药剂,表现出防治效果好、持续时间长、安全性可靠的防治效果。     

不同药剂不同施药次数防治水稻纹枯病田间药效试验

通过田间试验,比较分析了不同药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明,25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 350 g/hm~2、24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂345 g/hm~2、25%丙环唑乳油600 g/hm~2对水稻纹枯病的防效均在87%以上,43%戊唑醇悬浮剂的防效为74.38%;4种药剂的田间药效比生产上常用药剂井冈霉素的防效分别提高0.79倍、0.75倍、0.69倍、0.43倍,头季和再生季每hm~2综合增收6 499元、4 042元、2 051元、1 913元。从防治效果和经济效益来看,25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂、25%丙环唑乳油均可以作为本地防治水稻纹枯病的主体药剂进行推广应用。     

不同药剂对水稻纹枯病田间防治效果及产量的影响研究

试验不同药剂对水稻纹枯病田间防治效果及对产量的影响,结果表明,这几种药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治、产量的提高效果显著,与对照药剂25%咪鲜胺相比,病情指数降低3.52%~4.24%,防效提高27.9%~33.6%。与清水对照相比增产5.4%~6.1%。     

噻呋酰胺种衣剂防治小麦纹枯病效果及安全性研究

为探讨噻呋酰胺应用于小麦种衣剂的可行性,测定了噻呋酰胺对小麦纹枯病的防效及对种子的安全性。结果表明,噻呋酰胺对小麦纹枯病有很好的毒力,EC₅₀为0.075 mg·L^-1; 噻呋酰胺FS以不同比例包衣后能够显著提高种子发芽势及发芽率;噻呋酰胺包衣能够显著提高小麦出苗率和植株鲜重,对根长及茎长的影响不显著; 1∶200和1∶400包衣对拔节期小麦纹枯病的防效分别为90.32%和87.79%,显著高于同等剂量下对照药剂防效。说明噻呋酰胺作为小麦种衣剂应用于纹枯病的防治是安全高效的。     

几种阿维菌素复配制剂对水稻二化螟的田间防治效果研究

[目的]明确阿维菌素复配制剂对水稻二化螟的防治效果及适宜用药剂量。[方法]选用目前田间常用的阿维菌素复配制剂,采用随机区组设计,开展其对水稻二化螟的田间防治效果试验并进行方差分析。[结果]供试的4种阿维菌素复配制剂在中、高剂量处理时对水稻二化螟具有较好的防治效果,枯心防效和杀虫防效均在80%以上,与氯虫苯甲酰胺、丙溴磷组合高剂量处理时防治效果可达90%以上。6%阿维菌素·氯虫苯甲酰胺SC防治水稻二化螟最佳用药量为42.53～47.25 g/hm²,8%阿维菌素·甲氧虫酰肼SC最佳用药量为48 g/hm²,20%阿维菌素·丙溴磷ME最佳用药量为450～540 g/hm²,32%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC最佳用药量为240～360 g/hm²。[结论]为水稻二化螟药剂防治提供一定的理论依据。     

不同药剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果的研究

通过对不同药剂防治水稻纹枯病效果研究,结果表明,参试的药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治都有一定的效果,相对防效最好的是满穗,防治效果54.5%,产量634.0 kg/667 m2,比清水对照增产76.2 kg/667 m2,增产率为13.7%。     

Sulfated and Sulfur-Containing Steroids and Their Pharmacological Profile

The review focuses on sulfated steroids that have been isolated from seaweeds, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. Sulfur-containing steroids and triterpenoids are sourced from sedentary marine coelenterates, plants, marine sediments, crude oil, and other geological deposits. The review presents the pharmacological profile of sulfated steroids, sulfur-containing steroids, and triterpenoids, which is based on data obtained using the PASS program. In addition, several semi-synthetic and synthetic epithio steroids, which represent a rare group of bioactive lipids that have not yet been found in nature, but possess a high level of antitumor activity, were included in this review for the comparative pharmacological characterization of this class of compounds. About 140 steroids and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, out of 71 sulfated steroids, thirteen show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 90%, out of 50 sulfur-containing steroids, only four show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 93%, and out of eighteen epithio steroids, thirteen steroids show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of 91% to 97.4%.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

毛花马铃苣苔及黄花马铃苣苔的形态补充描述

马铃苣苔属植物花部形态是该属的属下划分及种间界定的关键性状,基于野外实地调查、标本采集及花部形态、结构的解剖、摄影,并对照模式标本,分别对毛花马铃苣苔和黄花马铃苣苔进行了形态补充描述,明确了毛花马铃苣苔花冠斜钟状,两侧对称,檐部上唇2裂片边缘具2.0~3.0 mm宽的橙红色带,其余部分鹅黄色,下唇3裂片橙红色,喉部及筒部鹅黄色,具有1枚退化雄蕊,蒴果线形、近圆柱状或稍具4棱;黄花马铃苣苔花冠钟状筒形,近辐射对称,外面橙红色,内面喉部以上橙红色,喉部以下灰白色,花盘高约1 mm,可育雄蕊4枚,偶见3枚,退化雄蕊1枚,偶见2枚。     

海南百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定及其发生危害

百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。     

Physicochemical properties and garification (gari yield) of selected cassava cultivars in Rivers State,Nigeria

Gari was processed from six different cassava cultivars TMS 3575, TMS 3044, hormone treated variety (HTV), TMS 30555, TMS 40944 and TMS 30572. Chemical analyses of the gari samples showed pH values of: 4.0, 4.0, 3.9, 3.6, 3.4, 3.6 and total titratable acidity of 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, 0.85, 0.96, 0.85 (% lactic acid) for TMS 3575, 3044, HTV, 30555, 30572, and 40944 respectively. Physical characteristics of the samples showed the swelling index of 264.5%, 223.5%, 364.0%, 321.3%, 241.3% and 232.7%, water absorption capacity of 1.0 ml g-1, 0.8, 1.5, 1.9, 1.7, 1.9 ml g-1 sample, relative bulk density of 0.29, 0.30, 0.15, 0.17, 0.15 (g cm-3) and gari yield of 34%, 21%, 33%, 24%, and 23%, for cultivars, TMS 3575 (2), 3044, HTV, 30555, 30572, 40944 respectively. Sensory evaluation showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in quality and overall acceptability among the samples while Tukey test showed a difference ( p< 0.05) between HTV and between 3575 and 3044. The cassava pulp from the cultivars and their corresponding gari had HCN content (mg/100 g) ranging from 7.9 to 9.3 for pulp and 1.1 to 1.5 for gari, respectively. The 72 hours fermentation period reduced the HCN in all cultivars by 85%, which is considered to be a safe level for human consumption.     

茶叶中聚酯型儿茶素研究进展

聚酯型儿茶素（Theasinensins, TSs）是一类儿茶素的氧化产物,是在茶叶加工过程中由于揉捻等工序使茶叶细胞破碎导致儿茶素与酶接触,进而氧化形成的。近年来,一些研究结果表明TSs具有一定的生理活性功能。本文就从TSs的发现、形成机理、分析方法、分离制备、药理作用方面进行综述。     

小麦已知抗白粉病基因在河南的抗性评价及Pm2基因的标记追踪

为了明确已知抗白粉病基因在河南省小麦品种中的有效性,用采自河南省主要麦区的7个白粉病菌株(YuⅠ～YuⅦ)对39份含已知抗白粉病基因的小麦品种进行苗期接菌鉴定.结果表明:Pm1、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3d、Pm3e、Pm5a、Pm7、Pm8等基因对多数白粉病菌株抗性较差,Pm2、Pm4b、Pm6、Pm12、Pm17、Pm18、Pm19、Pm22、Pm24等基因对于少数菌株表现感病,Pm3f、Pm4a、Pm5(Mli)、Pm13、Pm16、Pm20、Pm21、Pm23等基因对全部菌株均表现抗病.聚合基因材料Maris Dove、Normandie和Arthur对7个白粉菌株均表现感病;而材料CI12632、Maris Huntsman 抗性表现良好.利用Pm2基因的SSR标记Xcfd81对这5个聚合材料进行检测,结果显示,标记Xcfd81在CI12632、Maris Huntsman中可以检测到与Pm2基因相同的特异带,而在Maris Dove、Normandie和Arthur中检测不到.     

随州春马铃薯“深沟高垄全覆膜”综合配套栽培技术

在随州采用深沟高垄全覆膜技术种植春马铃薯,具有很好的防寒、增温、节水、防渍、抗病、早熟及显著增产的效果,每667 m2可达3 092.6 kg。其主要技术是:选择适宜田块、精细整地、科学制垄;选用优良品种、合理密植、科学播种;防备冻害;化学调控;加强田管、及时防治病虫害;适时收获等具体措施。     

Chemical analysis and nutritional assessment of Teramnus labialis (L.) Spreng. (Fabaceae)

Seeds of Teramnus labialis (L.) Spreng.(Fabaceae), used as food by Malayali tribals in theKollihills of Salem District, Tamil Nadu in SouthIndia, were investigated for their nutritional value. These seeds were analyzed for proximate composition,total (true) seed proteins, seed proteinfractions, amino acid composition, fatty acidcomposition, minerals and antinutritional factors. Crude protein, crude fat, ash, and nitrogen freeextracts constituted 22.86%, 6.10%, 4.62%, and,58.15%, respectively, of the seed weight. The caloricvalue of 100 g dry matter of seed material was 378.94kcal. The essential amino acids lysine, leucine +isoleucine, arginine, valine and histidine werepresent in relatively large quantities. Theunsaturated fatty acids constituted more than 60% ofthe crude fat. Concentrations of minerals such aspotassium, magnesium, calcium, and, phosphorus werehigh. Antinutritional factors such as total freephenols, tannins, L-DOPA, hydrogen cyanide andphytic acid were present in minute quantities. Theseantinutritional factors are potentially eliminated using the conventional method of soaking the seeds in water,boiling with water and decanting prior to consumption.     

粳稻“龙锦1号/香软米1578” F3家系群糙米矿质元素含量变异及相关性分析

 利用粳稻品种间杂交组合“龙锦1号/香软米1578”的196份F3家系,对糙米中Fe、Se、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na和P等10种矿质元素含量的变异及其相关性进行了分析。 10种矿质元素在F3家系间均有较大的变异,其中Na含量变异最大,Zn含量变异最小,变异系数分别为77.69％和12.04％。各矿质元素含量的变异系数大小顺序为Na>Se>Cu>Fe>Mg>Mn>Ca>P>K>Zn。不同矿质元素含量也有较大的差异,F3家系群各矿质元素含量平均值高低排序为P>K>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Na>Cu>Se。糙米中10种矿质元素含量在F3家系群中均表现为正态分布,为由多基因控制的数量性状。Zn与Fe、Cu,Mn与Mg、Ca、K、P,Ca与Mg、K、Na、P,Mg与K、P,P与K、Na含量呈显著或极显著正相关,而Fe与Se、Mn与Na、Mg与Na含量呈显著或极显著负相关。Mn、Ca、Mg、K、P含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系较Fe、Se、Cu、Zn含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系更为密切。