高γ-氨基丁酸岩茶加工工艺研究

以茶树品种水仙驻芽三、四叶为原料,研究高γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)岩茶的加工工艺。单因素试验结果表明,谷氨酸溶液浓度、厌氧温度、厌氧时间、厌氧方法对GABA富集有较好的富集效果,且差异极显著(p 0.01)。以谷氨酸溶液浓度、厌氧时间和厌氧次数设置三因素三水平的正交试验,9个试验组中有6个试验组GABA含量高于150 mg/100 g(γ-氨基丁酸茶含量标准),其中以处理5 GABA含量最高为317.93 mg/100g,且感官品质较好,其处理工艺为:鲜叶喷洒0.2%谷氨酸(GLU)溶液,共摇青三次,每次摇青后真空厌氧1 h。     

叶面喷施氨基酸对茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响

用不同种类、不同浓度氨基酸喷施茶树,采摘鲜叶并进行真空厌氧处理。比较分析不同处理对茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)生物合成量、厌氧处理对茶样中各氨基酸含量以及施肥时间对GABA合成的影响。结果表明,茶树喷施氨基酸后,经真空厌氧处理茶鲜叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量明显上升,6种氨基酸对GABA合成的影响作用由高到低为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸。茶鲜叶中氨基酸含量尤其是谷氨酸、天冬氨酸及茶氨酸含量高低可以作为评价GABA合成作用的指标;叶面喷施谷氨酸5d时,茶鲜叶中氨基酸总量以及谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和茶氨酸增加总量最高。综合分析确定施0.5%谷氨酸叶面肥5d后,采摘一芽二、三叶鲜叶,常温下厌氧处理8h,是生产γ-氨基丁酸茶的理想方法。     

高γ-氨基丁酸岩茶加工工艺研究北大核心

以茶树品种水仙驻芽三、四叶为原料,研究高γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)岩茶的加工工艺。单因素试验结果表明,谷氨酸溶液浓度、厌氧温度、厌氧时间、厌氧方法对GABA富集有较好的富集效果,且差异极显著(p <0.01)。以谷氨酸溶液浓度、厌氧时间和厌氧次数设置三因素三水平的正交试验,9个试验组中有6个试验组GABA含量高于150 mg/100 g(γ-氨基丁酸茶含量标准),其中以处理5 GABA含量最高为317.93 mg/100g,且感官品质较好,其处理工艺为:鲜叶喷洒0.2%谷氨酸(GLU)溶液,共摇青三次,每次摇青后真空厌氧1 h。     

高γ-氨基丁酸白茶品种适制性研究

本试验以9个茶树品种为试验材料,采用真空厌氧加工技术加工高γ-氨基丁酸白茶,以传统加工工艺为对照,测定白茶中γ-氨基丁酸含量,并对白茶品质进行感官审评。结果表明:9个品种按真空厌氧技术加工的白茶,γ-氨基丁酸含量在1.82~3.64 mg/g之间,与传统工艺有显著极差异(P0.01);真空厌氧处理后,丹桂品种白茶γ-氨基丁酸含量最高,达3.64 mg/g,霞浦春波绿次之,茗科1号(金观音)最低,只有1.82 mg/g,不同品种白茶γ-氨基丁酸含量差异显著。感官审评结果表明,福鼎大毫白茶总分82.25,得分最高,品质最优,紫牡丹、茗科1号、九龙袍次之,春波绿得分最低。综合γ-氨基丁酸含量和品质指标,福鼎大毫是最佳的品种,其次是紫牡丹。     

湖南省茶叶研究所“GABARON茶加工工艺研究”课题进展

富含γ-氨基丁酸(gabaron)的茶的研究于20世纪80年代兴起于日本。通过研究，日本将GABARON茶的最低含量标准定为1．5mg／g，湖南省茶叶研究所加工利用课题组自1997年开始立足我国茶树品种资源及多茶类生产的实情，对该茶的红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶多茶类加工技术进行了研究。     

OPA柱后衍生高效液相测定金白龙茶中γ-氨基丁酸

采用ISC-07Na型分离柱,LC-4A液相色谱仪,OPA柱后衍生,荧光λex=348ηm,λem=450ηm,pH梯度洗脱法测定Gabaron茶中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA).以γ-氨基丁酸的质量X(μg)与峰面积Y进行回归分析,得线性回归方程Y=1 9072X 286.81,r=0.9995.     

真空充氮及沸水脱咖啡碱工艺对绿茶品质的影响

研究探讨了真空充氮和沸水脱咖啡碱工艺对绿茶品质的影响。结果表明：真空充氮和沸水脱咖啡碱工艺都能够显著改变绿茶挥发性风味成分的组成,使其色、香、味以及功能成分发生了一系列变化。单纯真空充氮处理后,茶样风味接受性下降,挥发性成分相对含量总量减少了39%,检出挥发性成分种类减少27种;酸类、呋喃类和其它杂类挥发性成分组成百分比增加,醇类减少。富集γ-氨基丁酸且脱咖啡碱茶样与只经过富集处理茶样相比,有55种挥发性成分相对含量减少了,有28种挥发性成分相对含量增加了,挥发性成分相对含量总量减少了56%。酸类、呋喃类在脱咖啡碱且富集处理茶样中所占百分比要较未脱咖啡碱富集处理茶样低,风味可接受性提高,说明脱咖啡碱加工工艺能改善高γ-氨基丁酸绿茶产品功能组成和风味可接受性。     

γ-氨基丁酸茶加工工艺及关键设备

γ-氨基丁酸茶(又称GABARON茶)是1987年由日本农林水产省蔬菜茶叶试验场首次开发成功的新型茶,要求茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量必须达到1.5mg/g以上,比一般普通绿茶中γ-氨基丁酸含量提高20～30倍。经动物实验和临床实验证实,γ-氨基丁酸茶具有明显的降血压作用。因此,γ-氨基丁酸茶自1987年在日本投放市场以来,深受消费者特别是广大高血压患者的青睐,并形成叶茶、袋泡茶和罐装茶饮料等系列产品,引起了世界各茶叶生产国的普遍关注。     

富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能研究进展

综述了富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能和γ-氨基丁酸富集方法的研究进展,提出应进一步改进和完善富γ-氨基丁酸茶的加工工艺和我国富γ-氨基丁酸茶叶产品的广阔市场前景。     

不同茶树品种γ氨基丁酸含量及谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的研究

对13个茶树品种γ氨基丁酸（GABA）含量及谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）活性进行了分析,结果表明：不同茶树品种鲜叶GABA含量以及真空处理后的GABA含量和GAD活性均呈极显著差异。基于GAD活性,13个茶树品种可分为3类,其中第Ⅰ类包括3个大叶种,其GAD活性最高,均值为1．981μmol／30min：第Ⅱ类包括2个品种,...     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。