一种黑芝麻复合固体饮料的工艺研究

以黑芝麻为主要原料,辅以黑豆、黑米、熟糯米粉、红枣、猴头菇、山楂粉、鹰嘴豆粉、木糖醇等辅料及稳定剂,获得一种黑芝麻固体饮料的最佳生产工艺配方。以感官评价为指标,依次通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了原辅料和稳定剂的最佳配方,各组分添加量依次为黑芝麻30.00%,熟糯米粉15.20%,黑米12.00%,黑豆12.00%,红枣4.00%,猴头菇4.00%,鹰嘴豆粉2.05%,山楂粉1.00%,木糖醇8.00%,麦芽糊精9.50%,CMC-Na 1.20%,黄原胶0.25%,卡拉胶0.80%。     

黑色杂粮饼干制作工艺研究

研究黑色杂粮饼干的加工工艺流程。以膨化黑小麦粉、黑米粉、黑豆粉及低筋面粉为主要原料,通过单因素试验,确定各因素的最适条件;通过正交试验,确定黑色杂粮饼干的最佳配方。结果表明,黑色杂粮饼干的最适工艺参数及最佳配方为粉碎过80目筛,烘烤温度200℃,烘烤时间10 min;添加黑小麦粉15%,黑米粉15%,黑豆粉20%,黑芝麻5%。所制得的黑色杂粮饼干口感酥脆、厚薄均匀,具有杂粮的独特风味。     

富硒黑米代餐粉的研发

通过单因素试验得出富硒黑米粉、富硒黑豆粉、木糖醇、魔芋精粉的添加量对富硒黑米代餐粉的感官品质影响规律和添加范围,利用正交试验确定富硒黑米代餐粉的最优配方.结果表明,富硒黑米代餐粉的最佳配方为:产品定量30.0 g,富硒黑米粉添加量10.0 g,富硒黑豆粉添加量6.0 g,木糖醇添加量7.0 g,魔芋精粉添加量0.4 g,黑芝麻粉添加量2.5 g,花生粉添加量2.5 g,百合粉添加量0.8 g,莲子粉添加量0.8 g.该产品呈紫黑色,溶解性好,香气协调,滋味浓郁,入口顺滑.     

苦荞复合代餐粉的研制

以大米、苦荞、黑豆粉、黑芝麻粉和黑米粉为主要原料,麦芽糊精、植脂末和糖粉为辅料,加工制作一种富含芦丁的苦荞复合代餐粉.以感官评分和溶解度指数(Determination solubility index,DSI)为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化苦荞复合代餐粉最佳配方.最终配方为:原料目数为80目,大米粉23.4％,黑苦荞粉25％,黑豆粉5％,黑芝麻粉5％,黑米粉13.3％,植脂末8.3％,麦芽糊精8.3％,糖粉11.7％.所得产品气味香甜,有浓郁的杂粮香味,颜色均匀,口感细腻,溶解度较高.通过对纯苦荞粉与苦荞复合代餐粉营养成分对比发现,苦荞复合代餐粉脂肪和蛋白质含量分别为6.87％和11.34％,均比纯苦荞粉含量高;且总氨基酸含量比纯苦荞粉高4.6％,营养成分更加合理.     

黑芝麻红枣复合乳饮料加工工艺及其稳定性的研究

以黑芝麻、红枣和牛乳为主要原料,研究黑芝麻红枣复合乳饮料的加工工艺及其稳定性。结果表明,黑芝麻烘烤的最佳工艺条件为温度120℃,时间20 min;黑芝麻红枣复合乳饮料的最佳配方为黑芝麻浆添加量20%,红枣汁添加量10%,纯牛乳添加量30%,蜂蜜添加量4%,pH值6.5~7.0;最佳稳定剂配方为黄原胶添加量0.20%,海藻酸钠添加量0.20%,明胶添加量0.10%,蔗糖酯添加量0.15%。     

响应面法优化低糖核桃营养派制作工艺研究

以核桃仁为原料,木糖醇为甜味剂,辅以燕麦片、麦芽糖、重瓣干玫瑰花瓣以及黑芝麻制作低糖核桃营养派.以核桃仁去皮浸泡时间、核桃仁烘烤时间、燕麦片添加量和木糖醇添加量为影响因素,利用感官评价和质构分析研究对成品品质的影响.在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken响应面试验设计方法对低糖核桃营养派进行配方和工艺优化,结果表明:低糖核桃营养派的最佳工艺参数为:核桃仁添加量100 g,核桃仁去皮浸泡时间23 min,核桃仁烘烤温度160℃,核桃仁烘烤时间18 min,麦芽糖添加量10 g,燕麦片添加量20 g,木糖醇添加量13 g.在此条件下制得的低糖核桃营养派感官评分为95分,经过优化后的配方和工艺加工而成的低糖核桃营养派具有营养全面,搭配合理,风味独特的优点.     

黑蒜阿胶糕的研制

以黑蒜和阿胶为主要原料,根据阿胶糕的制作工艺,研制一款以抗氧化为主要功效的黑蒜阿胶糕。以阿胶、黑蒜、黄酒、冰糖、麦芽糊精、卡拉胶等主要原辅料研究对阿胶糕感官的影响,并对黄酒、麦芽糊精、卡拉胶3个影响明显的因素进行响应面优化试验。结果表明,90℃的水浴条件下对阿胶糕原料熬制6 min,麦芽糊精、卡拉胶、黄酒含量分别为7.48%,3.24%,8.00%时,所得黑蒜阿胶糕品质较好,色泽呈黑褐色,颜色均一;香味浓郁,无异味;组织均匀,结构光滑完整,无裂口且食用时不黏牙,不牙碜,口感细腻。故黑蒜阿胶糕最佳配方添加量确定为麦芽糊精7.48%,卡拉胶3.24%,黄酒8.00%,黑蒜30.00%,冰糖4.00%,阿胶10.00%,芝麻4.00%,枸杞8.00%,核桃14.00%,枣干12.00%。     

一种紫薯复合早餐粉的研究

以紫薯为主要原料,黑豆、银杏、黑芝麻、红枣及木糖醇为辅料,研发一种适合中年妇女食用且具有美容养颜、抗衰老、预防心脑血管疾病功效的复合早餐粉。首先,将紫薯和银杏预处理后,通过双螺杆挤压膨化,优化紫薯和银杏的最佳膨化温度;然后,以感官品质为评价指标,通过单因素试验确定银杏、黑豆、紫薯、黑芝麻、红枣及木糖醇的添加量;在此基础上,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验确定该复合早餐粉的最佳配方,即紫薯4.0 g,黑豆3.5 g,银杏2.5 g,黑芝麻1.5 g,红枣1.0 g,木糖醇1.5 g。     

响应面法优化高DE值麦芽糊精制备工艺的研究

研究了耐高温α-淀粉酶水解制备高DE值麦芽糊精的工艺,用响应面法分析了反应时间、反应温度、酶添加量及淀粉乳浓度对DE值的影响,得出制备高DE值麦芽糊精的最优条件为:时间25 min,加酶量48 U/g,温度95℃,底物质量分数为20%,DE值为19%～20%。     

低糖保健咖啡风味巧克力的开发与研究

以可可液块、咖啡、黑豆、黑芝麻等为主要原料,研究了咖啡风味巧克力的主要配方,确定咖啡风味巧克力的最佳配方为:可可液块∶蔗糖∶咖啡∶黑豆∶黑芝麻∶可可脂∶乳粉=50∶25∶4∶2∶4∶20∶20,香兰素和大豆磷脂的添加量保持恒定比例为0.01%和0.4%,制备出色、香、味俱佳,并且有丰富保健功能的的风味巧克力,此种巧克力在常温下保存质量稳定。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.