奶牛源MRSA菌株的分离鉴定和耐药性分析

本研究对部分奶牛场采集的502份隐性乳房炎试验（california mastitis test,CMT）检测呈阳性的奶样进行细菌分离、鉴定,运用多重PCR方法筛选出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）,并对分离出的MRSA用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,检测其对19种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,分离到细菌的奶样有452份,其中检出葡萄球菌338株,MRSA 89株;MRSA分离株主要对万古霉素、磷霉素、氯霉素和克拉霉素敏感,对青霉素、多黏菌素、大观霉素及头孢他啶具有较强的耐药性。本研究为指导奶牛乳房炎用药、MRSA菌株的快速鉴定及制定MRSA感染的防控措施提供参考。     

上海地区动物源金黄色葡萄球菌分离株mecA基因的表达及耐药性分析

为了解上海地区动物源性金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,采用微量肉汤稀释法对1999年、2011—2018年(2016年除外)分离鉴定保存的78株金黄色葡萄球菌进行19种药物的药敏试验,采用头孢西丁纸片法进行耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)菌株筛选,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行mecA基因检测。结果:金黄色葡萄球菌除万古霉素、利奈唑胺、夫西地酸、莫匹罗星外,均产生耐药性,多重耐药现象严重,耐药谱广;MRSA检出率为51.3%,发病样品、健康畜禽的粪便样品、环境样品中均检测到MRSA;mecA基因检出率为51.3%,MRSA中mecA基因携带率显著高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus,MSSA)。     

牛源金黄色葡萄球菌间接ELISA检测方法的建立

本研究将牛源金黄色葡萄球菌按照不同梯度浓度进行包被,采用矩阵法摸索最佳包被抗原浓度及优化其他EUSA反应条件,以建立检测牛源金黄色葡萄球菌抗体间接ELISA方法,并与试管凝集试验进行了敏感性与阳性检出率的比较.结果表明,经矩阵法确定抗原的最佳包被浓度为10<'8>cfu/mL.最适包被条件为37℃,抗体的最佳使用稀释倍数为1:100.酶标山羊抗兔IgG的工作浓度为1:5000.本研究建立的牛源金黄色葡萄球菌抗体EUSA检测方法,在敏感性与特异性方面均优于试管凝集试验,是一种快速准确检测牛源金黄色葡萄球菌抗体的方法.     

宁夏地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性分析

为了解宁夏地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,采用药敏纸片扩散法,测定了50株奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌对常用的17种抗茵药物的耐药性.同时采用产色头孢菌素法进行β-内酰胺酶的检测,并采用苯唑西林纸片法进行耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的检测.结果表明,所有菌株除了对利福平、万古霉素100％敏感以外,对其他15...     

奶牛源MRSA流行株的耐药特性SCCmecA分型研究

为了了解引起奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的耐药性及其分子流行病学特征,本研究采用纸片扩散法检测临床分离的71株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药特性,并对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)进行判定;应用多重PCR方法对MRSA进行SCCmec分型。结果显示:在新疆地区71株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株中共检出13株MRSA,检出率为18.3%;金黄色葡萄球菌对呋喃妥因、利福平100%敏感,MRSA对头孢类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus,MSSA);MRSA的SCCmec基因型共以SCCmecⅠ和SCCmecⅣa型为主,均占76.9%,另外,1株MRSA仅有1种SCCmecⅢ型,1株MRSA有SCCmecⅠ、SCCmecⅢ和SCCmecⅣa型。本研究结果表明,MRSA耐药性多样,新疆地区MRSA主要流行株为SCCmecⅠ和SCCmecⅣa型。     

淡水养殖鱼类主要细菌性传染病快速诊断的研究

用富含Ａ蛋白的金黄色葡萄球菌国际标准株，分别标记１６株淡水鱼类致病同兔血清，制备ＳＰＡ诊断液，建立了检测这１６株致病病的ＳＰＡ－ＣｏＡ。将待检料经分离培养１６－１８ｈ进行检测，３ｍｉｎ内可判定结果，比玻片凝集试验的敏感性高２５－５０倍。经变叉和重复性试验表明，其特异性强，重复性好，操作简便、快速、无需特殊仪器。适用于基层鱼场对淡水针类主要病原菌的快速鉴定和流行病并根据１６株致病和１１种的作药敏试验     

淡水养殖鱼类主要细菌性传染病快速诊断的研究——用SPA-CoA检测16株鱼类致病菌

用富含Ａ蛋白的金黄色葡萄球菌国际标准株（ｃｏｗａｎｌ），分别标记１６株淡水鱼类致病菌高兔血清，制备ＳＰＡ诊断液，建立了检测这１６株致病菌的ＳＰＡ－ＣｏＡ。将待检病料经分离培养１６～１８ｈ进行检测，３ｍｉｎ内可判定结果，比玻片凝集试验的敏感性高２５～５０倍。经交叉和重复性试验表明，其特异性强、重复性好、操作简便，快速，无需特殊仪器。适用于基层鱼场对淡水鱼类主要病原菌的快速鉴定和流行病调查。并将１６株致病菌用１１种药物作药敏试验，为防治上述致病菌引起的鱼病提供依据     

奶牛临床型乳房炎MRSA新疆流行株耐药基因的检测及MLST分型研究

为了解新疆地区奶牛临床型乳房炎MRSA流行株耐药表型、耐药基因分布及分子分型特征,采用纸片扩散法检测了临床分离的71株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药表型,并对MRSA进行判定;应用多重PCR方法对MRSA流行株进行耐药基因的检测及MLST分型。结果显示,71株金黄色葡萄球菌中共检出13株MRSA,检出率为18.3%。13株MRSA流行株均检出mecA和linA耐药基因,检出率为100.0%;7株检出tetm耐药基因,检出率为53.8%;4株检出msrB耐药基因,检出率为30.8%;4株检出AacA-Da耐药基因,检出率为30.8%;MLST分型结果发现,13株MRSA可分为6种ST型,分别为ST188、ST9、ST63、ST2700、ST968、ST2373,其中ST9型流行较为广泛。本研究为新疆地区奶牛MRSA流行株的耐药特性及分子特征提供了理论基础,为兽医临床合理用药提供了科学依据。     

生鲜肉中3种食源性致病菌Taqman多重荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立一种可快速特异检测生鲜肉中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7的多重实时荧光定量PCR方法,试验针对沙门氏菌invA基因、金黄色葡萄球菌nuc基因和大肠杆菌O157:H7 wzx基因的保守序列分别设计引物和Taqman探针,建立多重qPCR反应体系,进行特异性、灵敏度和重复性研究,用该方法检测30份生鲜肉中的3种食源性致病菌,并与国标法进行比较。结果表明:该方法只扩增3种靶细菌,对其它供试菌不扩增;金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度均为105拷贝数/μL,大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测灵敏度为10~4拷贝数/μL;该方法的重复性良好;对30份生鲜肉进行检测,检出3份沙门氏菌、4份金黄色葡萄球菌和7份大肠杆菌O157:H7,与国标检测方法相比,大肠杆菌O157:H7和金黄色葡萄球菌各有1份样品不符合,其它阳性样品完全一致。说明建立的基于Taqman探针的多重荧光定量PCR检测方法可以特异、快速地实现对生鲜肉中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测。     

SPA直接平板协同凝集试验诊断鸡传染性法氏囊病

自葡萄球菌病鸡分离到的 8株金黄色葡萄球菌中 ,筛选出 1株富含 SPA的菌株 ,在此基础上 ,建立了诊断鸡传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)的 SPA直接平板协同凝集试验。经特异性检验、敏感性试验及临床应用表明 ,该法具有敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好等优点 ,与琼脂扩散试验及对流免疫电泳试验比较 ,3者间无明显差异 ,且操作方法简便、快速 ,节省材料 ,是一种 IBD早期病原诊断及流行病学调查的新技术。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.