黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种鄂西瓜8号的选育

鄂西瓜8号(商品名黑莎皇)原代号W9912,是湖北省农业科学院蔬菜科技中心用黑皮黄瓤四倍体W4-36-12作母本,花皮黄瓤二倍体W2-49-80-1作父本配组而成的优质三倍体黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。中熟,果实发育期34天左右。果实圆球形,果皮墨绿色有隐暗条纹,上有蜡粉,皮厚1.2cm左右,瓜瓤鲜黄色,中心可溶性固形物含量11%左右,边部7%～8%。单果重5～7kg,一般产量在3000kg/667m2左右。2002～2003年参加了湖北省西瓜区域试验,2004年3月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种鄂西瓜8号的选育

鄂西瓜8号(商品名黑莎皇)原代号W9912，是湖北省农业科学院蔬菜科技中心用黑皮黄瓤四倍体W4-36-12作母本，花皮黄瓤二倍体W2-49-801作父本配组而成的优质三倍体黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。中熟，果实发育期34天左右。果实圆球形，果皮墨绿色有隐暗条纹，上有蜡粉，皮厚1．2em左右，瓜瓤鲜黄色，中心可溶性固形物含量11％左右，边部7％～8％。单果重5～7kg，一般产量在3000kg／667m^2左右。2002～2003年参加了湖北省西瓜区域试验，2004年3月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

西瓜新品种‘苏创2号’的选育

‘苏创2号’是以自交系‘X67-2-1-2’为母本、自交系‘W12’为父本配制成的杂交1代西瓜新品种。该品种早熟,易坐果,抗性较强。全生育期110 d,果实发育期33 d,植株生长势较强,主蔓第1雌花节位7~8节,果实圆形,果皮墨绿色覆锐齿条带,瓜瓤红色,中心可溶性固形物含量约11.3%,边部可溶性固形物含量约8.6%,平均单瓜质量4.2 kg,667 m~2产量2 725.5 kg,果皮厚度0.95 cm,果皮硬度10.49 kg·cm~(-2),较耐贮运。全国大部分地区均可栽培。2016年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

小果型无籽西瓜新品种小王子的选育

小王子是湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所、湖北鄂蔬农业科技有限公司以小果型四倍体自交系WP311作母本,二倍体自交系WT-201作父本配制而成的小果型无籽西瓜品种。早熟,果实发育期30d左右。果实近圆形,果皮绿色覆深绿细条纹,皮厚0.7cm左右;瓜瓤红色,中心可溶性固形物12%左右,边部9%左右。单果质量约2.0kg,667m2产量约2000kg。2007-2008年参加了湖北省西瓜区域试验。适宜长江中下游地区种植。     

早熟优质西瓜新品种春秋蜜的选育

春秋蜜是湖北省荆州市农业科学研究院选育的中果型有籽西瓜新品种。全生育期90d,果实发育期29d。单果重2.6kg左右,果实圆形、花皮;中心可溶性固形物含量11%以上,瓜瓤红色,纤维少,质脆多汁,口感好。667m2商品产量2000kg左右。2006年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定名为“鄂西瓜13号”。     

西瓜新品种'春喜100'的选育

'春喜100'是湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所、湖北蔬谷农业科技有限公司以自交系'2W159'作母本、自交系'2W128'作父本杂交选育而成的西瓜新品种。该品种早熟,春露地栽培果实发育期31 d左右。易坐果,平均单果质量6～7 kg,667 m2产量2 200～2 500 kg。果实圆形,果皮绿色覆深绿色锯齿条带,果皮厚度1.2 cm左右,不易裂果。瓜瓤大红色,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.0%左右,边部9.0%左右,瓜瓤硬度中等,瓤质细脆。感枯萎病,不抗炭疽病、蔓枯病、疫病,适宜湖北省平原地区春季露地和大棚种植。2019年通过中华人民共和国农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。     

设施栽培西瓜新品种苏梦2号的选育

苏梦2号是以W98作母本、W38-4-3-6作父本配制杂交组合育成的设施栽培早熟西瓜新品种。果实圆形,平均单瓜重2.8 kg,果皮深绿色,覆深绿色条带,果皮厚6.5 mm,果皮硬;种子小,具有无籽西瓜的优点,果肉红色,中心部可溶性固形物含量11.80%左右,极耐贮运;适宜设施栽培,全生育期109天,果实发育期32天,植株生长势较强,抗逆性、抗病性中等,平均每667m2产量2 580.3 kg。2015年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

小果型早熟无籽西瓜新品种苏梦1号的选育

苏梦1号是以西瓜品系WF101(四倍体)作母本、W38-4-3-6作父本杂交育成的小果型早熟无籽西瓜新品种。植株生长势较强,主蔓第一雌花节位在第6~8节;果实圆形,平均单瓜重2.66 kg,果皮绿色,覆深绿色条带;果皮厚7.8 mm,果肉红色,无籽,中心部可溶性固形物含量12.50%,边部可溶性固形物含量9.00%,每667 m2产量2 669.9 kg,极耐贮运,果实发育期31天,全生育期112天;在江苏省适宜大棚栽培。2015年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

优质高产抗病西瓜新品种‘荆杂20’的选育

‘荆杂20’是以优良稳定自交系‘87005’为母本、抗病稳定自交系‘2084’为父本杂交育成的中大果型中熟有籽西瓜品种。全生育期100¹10 d,果实发育32 d左右。果实圆形,果皮底色脆绿,覆墨绿较规则细条带。红瓤,瓤色均匀,质地细脆多汁,籽较少,不易空心,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,边部含量8%110 d,果实发育32 d左右。果实圆形,果皮底色脆绿,覆墨绿较规则细条带。红瓤,瓤色均匀,质地细脆多汁,籽较少,不易空心,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,边部含量8%⁹%。皮厚1.0 cm左右,果皮坚硬不易裂果,耐贮藏,商品率高。一般单果质量59%。皮厚1.0 cm左右,果皮坚硬不易裂果,耐贮藏,商品率高。一般单果质量5⁸ kg,667 m2产量4 000 kg左右。该品种生长势强,易坐果,抗枯萎病、产量高、品质优、易栽培,适合全国多地栽培。参加了2011—2012年湖北省西瓜品种区域试验,2014年通过湖北省品种审定。     

西瓜新品种华蜜冠龙的选育

华蜜冠龙是安徽省农作物新品种引育中心以自交系08-5为母本、10-13为父本杂交而成的中晚熟有籽西瓜新品种。全生育期92～100d,果实发育期32～33d。植株长势稳健,抗逆性强,易坐果。果实椭圆形,果皮翠绿上覆墨绿色细齿带;瓜瓤红色,瓤质脆,中心可溶性固形物11%左右。单果质量6～7kg,667m2商品瓜产量3300～4000kg。于2008年3月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。适宜在湖北、安徽、江西和湖南等省露地种植或保护地栽培。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.