考虑预估驾驶行为的跟驰模型及其稳定性分析

在OV模型的基础上,进一步考虑预估驾驶行为对车流的影响,提出一个新的跟驰模型以获得预估驾驶行为与交通拥堵的关系。通过对新模型进行稳定性分析得到了系统的临界稳定条件。数值仿真结果表明：新模型能够模拟诸如时停时走、系统临界相变等实际交通现象,较OV模型更贴近于实际。同时,预估驾驶行为增强了交通流稳定性能,提高了车流陷入交通阻塞状态的阈值。最后以车速的平滑度和波动幅度最小为评价指标得到了新模型中预估参数的最优取值范围。     

Analysis on Effect of Traffic Loads on Landslide Stability

In the design of landslide control engineering,the effect of traffic loads has not been taken into account.The authors simplified the traffic loads as mobile dead loads and traffic dynamic load.The mobile dead load ranges from 2.34 to 6.41 kPa.The impact coefficient was chosen to denote the traffic dynamic load and ranges from 0.1 to 0.4.Using several stability analysis methods widely accepted by engineers,combining two analysis samples,by the contrast of stability tests with and without consideration of the mobile dead load or the traffic dynamic load,the authors found that when the traffic load is not taken into account,the stability coefficient of shallow layer landslide(<8m) is overrated by 4.3-11 percent or 5.8-12.1 percent in comparison with the case when the mobile dead load or traffic dynamic is taken into account respectively,that is,the influence of mobile dead loads and traffic dynamic load is cannot be neglected.In case of medium deep layer landslide or the road is passing through the anti sliding section,the influence of the traffic load is a little and can be neglected.     

Simplified Calculation Method of Steel Tube and Coupler Scaffold with X-Bracing

The calculation theory of stability capacity of steel tube and coupler scaffold is currently an urgent problem to be solved.Based on the analysis of the stability behavior of steel tube and coupler scaffold with X-bracing,a series of simplified model and calculation formulas are put forward.In order to verify the rationality of simplified calculation theory presented,two full-scale tests are carried out.Compared with results from tests,the results from simplified calculation theory is well consistent with it.Therefore,it is concluded that the simplified model and simple formula own a considerable accuracy to forecast the critical load of steel tube and coupler scaffold with X-bracing under uniform load,which offers the reference for relevant researchers and designers.     

Microscopic Traffic Simulation Mathematic Model Based on Cellular Automata

This paper presents a model for freeway traffic flow simulation and prediction. The model uses cellular automation theory to model complex traffic behavior. The advantage of the cellular automata approach is that the roadway to be modeled is quantized into simple homogeneous cells, time is quanitzed into discrete steps, and physical quantities take on a finite set of values. Also, the state of the cells is updated at each discrete timestep by using a vehicle update algorithm that combines a few vehicle motion models, governed by a relatively small set of parameters. Then vehicles just move one or several cells at each discrete timestep according to the self-defined rule. This approach makes the computer operation feasible. At last, the paper puts forward a suppose that if the simulation system is equiped with the self-study system of NN (neural network) module according to the statistical data from the transducer fixed on the freeway, it can predict the traffic status ahead of 10 minutes.     

A preventive control model for static voltage stability considering the power constraints of weak branches

The voltage instability of power system often occurs when the active power on one or more weak branches exceeds its transfer capability. A preventive control model for static voltage stability is proposed using the active power transfer capability of weak branches as static voltage stability constraints. A local line based voltage stability index is used to determine the critical contingencies, weak branches and transfer capability of each weak branch. A static security analysis method, which is based on DC power flow equations, is used to establish the non linear active power flow expressions on weak branches following each critical contingency. The active power constraints on weak branches can be obtained from the active power flow expressions and transfer capabilities of weak branches. A quadratic optimal model for preventive control including the proposed active power constraints on weak branches is presented. The simulation results for IEEEE14 bus system and IEEE118 bus system demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed preventive control model.     

水平与竖向加速度-时程曲线叠加效应下边坡永久位移计算的极限上限分析

实际边坡动力稳定性受地震竖向与水平方向效应共同作用,传统边坡地震永久位移计算方法较少考虑竖向地震波影响,采用实际地震的竖向与水平方向加速度-时程曲线共同效应更符合工程实际。基于极限分析上限法和Newmark刚塑性滑块模型,提出一种基于实际水平向与竖向地震加速度-时程曲线的边坡永久位移计算改进方法,以3个工程边坡为例,探讨了两组具有代表性实测典型水平和竖向地震地面运动记录对边坡地震永久位移计算的影响。研究结果表明:不考虑竖向地震加速度时程曲线时,本文方法可蜕化为与前人方法兼容;不同地震波的竖向与水平地震动时程曲线的叠加效应不同,竖向地震对边坡永久位移的影响不可忽略。     

Research on Evaluation of the Slope Stability Based on the Extension Theory

The stability of rock-mass slopes is a very complicated system which is controlled by lots of factors. It is always a very important research subject to evaluate the slope stability reasonably through some evaluation methods. Based on matter-element theory and dependent function,the extension theory is applied to evaluate the stability of rock mass slope,and the extension method for the stability of rock mass slopes is proposed. Taking a real slope project for example,based on the reasonable selection of evaluation factors of slope stability,an extension model for evaluation of slope stability is built,whose result is contrasted with the fuzzy evaluating one. As a result, it is practical and feasible to apply the extension method to estimate the rock slope stability.     

Analysis of the Static Stability of Tailings Dam under Coupled Deformation and Seepage Fields

The static stability of a tailings dam is analyzed with a finite element approach, which takes into account the effect of plastic deformation, temperature, saturation and void ratio on the properties of soil materials, the effect of water and soil interaction and the extended Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The concept of yield approaching degree is introduced, which is defined as the ratio of the existing equivalent stress to the yield stress taking into account the effects of different influencing factors. The response of the tailing dam subjected to the coupled saturated/unsaturated seepage and deformation is simulated, considering that the dry beach is 100-meter long and the starter dam is jammed, respectively. The important indexes such as the deformation and the phreatic surface of the dam are obtained. The distribution of the yield approaching degree in the whole dam under the given condition is obtained, which can provide not only a general stability assessment of the dam, but also important information to the decision-making for the reinforcement and maintenance of the dam.     

Traffic Impact Evaluation System of City Building Projects

Lots of city building projects will consequentially affect the usual traffic, now, with the development of economic in our country, the city traffic will endure more and more pressure, so it is important and necessary to evaluate the traffic impact during the stage of program. Through the analysis about the traffic impact in our country, this article takes use of the "district-road network" theory to evaluate traffic, and at last come into being a traffic impact evaluation system based on software, finishes the basic function of traffic impact evaluation.     

三维应力计的工作原理及误差分析

常规应力状态由3个正应力和3个剪应力共6个分量组成,因此,确定一点的应力状态至少需要6个单向应力计。基于三维应力状态理论,以单向应力计或压力计为基本元件,设计了一种能测试受力体内部三维应力状态的装置。该测试装置由6个单向应力计组成,且应力计的轴线构成四面体的6个棱。考虑测试装置对稳定性、合理性、便利性等技术要求,该四面体的形状可以设计为正四面体和由正方体截取的正三棱锥。根据某一方向上正应力与常规应力状态表示方法中6个应力分量之间的关系,建立了三维应力计各分量与常规应力分量之间的映射关系,并进一步导出了由三维应力计计算常规应力状态的方法及产生误差的原因。     

A four-compartment computer virus propagation model with graded infection rate

A new resident virus propagation model with graded infection rate is established based on the properties of two important stages undergoing by resident virus, which are the latent phase, in which resident virus cannot infect other hosts because it has not yet been loaded into memory and the active phase, in which resident virus resides in memory and infects any suitable program that is executed on the computer. Two computer compartments with different infection rate are established. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of this model are investigated by stability theory and numerical simulations. It is found that the dynamical properties of this model are determined by basic reproductive rate. Specifically, virus-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if basic reproductive rate is less than or equal to one , whereas the local asymptotical stability of the viral equilibrium is guaranteed if basic reproductive rate is bigger than one, followed by a conjecture on its global stability. Then the sensitivity analysis of basic reproductive rate to the system parameters is investigated and a collection of policies is advised to control the spread of computer virus over the Internet.     

A mathematical description of the liquid flows inside blast furnaces

The knowledge of liquid flows in blast furnaces may play an important role in controlling the blast furnace process. Appropriate assumptions are given to represent the main characteristics of the liquid flow in blast furnaces, such as liquid streams being composed of unwetting liquid droplets, inertial force having little effect on the liquid flows, and mass exchange existing along the direction perpendicular to liquid flow. A mathematical model is built to predict the distribution of the liquid flow rate and the liquid flow range in packed beds. The scale of the numerical grid used to solve this model may not necessarily be reduced to the particle level. The predicted results of this model accord well with the observed data. This model is an alternative theory for the simulation of blast furnaces     

Effect of thermal radiation on thermal flow field in inclined tunnel

The thermal radiation is the main factor affecting internal thermal flow field in a tunnel. This paper studies on two open ends of a channel inclined with angles of 10°, 20° and 30° by experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental data agree well with the predicted results by using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to solve N-S equations driven by the buoyancy flow. And the influence of thermal radiation on thermal flow field of tunnel with inclination angles from 10° to 30° at same heat source is obtained by comparing the experiment results and numerical resolutions of coupled with radiation model and without radiation model. Thermal radiation makes temperature near the upper wall of tunnel drop, and the influence of thermal radiation on bottom end of tunnel declines with the inclination angle increasing. However, the inclination angle has a little effect on temperature near the ceiling of the top end of tunnel. Simultaneously, the higher temperature zone leaning to the top end due to the thermal radiation is obtained, and the temperature at the bottom of the upper part of the tunnel increases. The findings of the study are important references for theory research of thermal flow field in inclined tunnels.     

Study on Cusp Catastrophe Mutation of Slope Destability

A complete theoretical model for slope destabilizing mutation has been set up by studying the geomechanical model and the influences of all circumstantial factors on slope stability,and by applying nonlinear theory.This paper analyzed the influence of controlled variables in the mutation model on the slope in causing slow or fast creeping.As the limit equilibrium stability analysis method of rigid bodies has some defects in slope stability assessment,the new theory of rigidity destabilization is helpful in forming criteria for judging slope creep destabilization.This analysis explains well the underlying causes of creeping slope destabilization and proves the feasibility of studying slope creep with a mutation model.     

资源基础观下家庭农场成长的影响因素研究

为了全面和准确地认识影响中国家庭农场成长的各因素及其权重,指导中国政府和家庭农场经营者采取最有效的措施培育和经营家庭农场,笔者首先基于资源基础理论和层次分析理论构建家庭农场成长影响因素的分析模型,然后以上海市松江区家庭农场为实证对象对各个因素进行计算和分析。结果表明：基于资源基础理论和层次分析理论所构建的家庭农场成长影响因素分析模型科学合理;一级因素中物质资本资源是现阶段影响家庭农场成长最主要的因素,其次是组织资本资源,人力资本资源现阶段相对较轻;二级因素中土地资本是影响家庭农场成长最重要的因素,其次是品牌优势、资金资本、基础设施和科学技术,其他因素有一定影响但在家庭农场的起步阶段相对较轻。最后,在该研究成果基础上,从政府和家庭农场经营者2个主体出发提出增加土地流转年限、积极打造品牌优势、拓宽家庭农场融资渠道、完善农业生产基础设施、引进先进科学技术等对策建议。     

Study on the Reduction of Thermocapillary Convection of the Single-crystal Growth of Silicon under Microgravity

Float-zone method for growth of semi-conductor silicon is considering very promising under microgravity,but the effect of thermocapillary convection induced by surface tension gradient on the crystal quality is quite highlight.In the present work,a nwe method referred to as surface-cut method is suggested to reduce the melt flow.A mathmatical model to describe the thermocapillary convection in a half float-zone with surface-cut is proposed and numerical simulation for the temperature and the flow field under different surface-cut way is conducted using the finite element method.The results show that the effective reduction can be achieved and the flow will be weaked by 70% by proper increase of the surface-cut time.     

Penetration behavior of bath induced by top-blown gas jets for steelmaking converter

The cavity induced by top-blow gas jets impinging on the bath surface is one of most important parameters, which has overwhelming influence on the rate of slag formation and metallurgical performance. Water model experiments are conducted through a 1/10 scaled-down top-blown convertor. Effects of lance height and gas flow rate on penetration behavior are studied, and also the influence mechanism of liquid surface tension on penetration depth is addressed based on the experiments and theory analysis. An energy utilization index (EUI) is defined to reflect how much the impinging kinetic energy of gas jets are transferred into bath for formation of cavity, and an improved model is proposed to predict penetration depth of jets. The results show that penetration depth increases with lowering lance height and increasing gas flow rate, and impact diameter increases with increasing lance height, but is little affected by gas flow rate. Influence of liquid surface tension on penetration depth is enhanced with increasing surface tension and penetration depth. The EUI increases with increasing lance height, and a function relationship of it with lance height is obtained based on the experiments.     

The Recent Progress of the Slope Stability Analysis Methods

The slope stability is an important research content in rock mechanics. In recent years, the great achievement has been gained for the slope stability analysis methods. The deterministic analysis methods, including limit equilibrium theory, numerical analysis method, graphic method and compound method, have been developed. The stochastic analysis method and the fuzzy analysis method come forward. The recent progress of the slope stability analysis methods is analyzed in this paper. The trend of progress of the slope stability is studied.     

Analysis of Numerical Simulation of Seepage Failure and Seepage Feature of Seawall

In order to analyze seepage feature and seepage failure mechanisms of seawall under flood infiltration, a numerical model for saturated-unsaturated and unsteady seepage flow analysis considering soil permeability variation with seepage failure process was established. And the corresponding finite element computation program was made. Numerical simulation of flood seepage for typical section of real seawall was carried out by use of the program. The computed results were compared with the measured results of field test, which shows good agreement. Based on the numerical simulation results, it can be seen that flood seepage of seawall is a saturated-unsaturated and unsteady seepage flow process and seepage failure of seawall is caused by long time flood infiltration under large seepage gradient. Therefore, upon the flood infiltration, seepage failure of the seawall is a very complicated process, which involves soil permeability variation with seepage failure process and saturated-unsaturated/unsteady seepage flow. It is questionable to use the steady seepage analysis method to simulate seepage failure process of seawall.     

Influence of the Flood-Control-Projects on the Hydrodynamic State of the Rivers Confluence in Chongqing

Though the Flood-Control-Projects along Yantze River and Jialing River in Chongqing may well improve the urban traffic and construction,it may change the river hydrodynamic characters.There may be two consequences,one is to reduce the size of cross section and the other is to change the river shape,such as the curvature radius.The phenomena of the local backwater and velocity variety are obvious,which result in some problems for the navigation: sediment,transport and so on.In this paper, the study object is the Flood-Control-Projects and Yangtse River and Jialing River,and the aim is to study the influence of the Flood-Control-Projects on the hydrodynamic state of the two rivers.Using the numerical technique,with the two rivers hydrodynamic model the flow field's change of river after completion of Flood-Control-Projects is simulated and the reasons caused by the change are analyzed.