若干相同生态位的畜禽寄生蠕虫群落关系分析

在具有相同生态位的畜禽寄生蠕虫构成的２９个种对中,多数不具亲和性,仅２对具有明显亲和性,且均为家畜寄生蠕虫,即寄生山羊瘤胃的鹿同盘吸虫和长菲策吸虫,以及大肠的微管食道口线虫和辐射食道口线虫;种间关系程度则多为负关联,其中完全负关联的有１２对,仅有４对表现出不同程度的正关联;家畜寄生蠕虫的种群值明显高于家禽。分析结果提示,相同生态位的畜禽寄生蠕虫的种间关系普遍存在在负关联的缺少亲和性的现象,寄生空间     

福建省山羊病例中主要蠕虫病的流行病学调查

为了解福建省山羊蠕虫病的流行情况,对来自福建省各地送检的308只山羊所检出的蠕虫按照不同日龄、不同月份以及不同饲养模式进行分类统计。6月龄内山羊感染的主要蠕虫有捻转血矛线虫、莫尼茨绦虫;6~12月龄山羊感染的主要蠕虫有捻转血矛线虫、莫尼茨绦虫、肝片吸虫、同盘吸虫和食道口线虫;12~18月龄山羊感染的主要蠕虫有捻转血矛线虫、肝片吸虫、同盘吸虫和食道口线虫;18月龄以上山羊感染的主要蠕虫有同盘吸虫、肝片吸虫、食道口线虫和阔盘吸虫。一年四季均可感染,下半年感染率略高于上半年。舍内饲养的山羊蠕虫感染率较低;山上放牧的山羊易感染捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫和阔盘吸虫;在荒田或河边放牧的山羊易感染肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和同盘吸虫。羊群在不同阶段、不同季节、不同饲养模式条件下,蠕虫的感染情况有所不同。调查结果为福建省山羊蠕虫病的防控提供依据。     

贵州省犬猫寄生蠕虫调查

用蠕虫学剖检法对贵州省犬、猎寄生蠕虫进行了调查。共发现犬猫寄生蠕虫１２科１６属２０种，其中吸虫２种，绦虫７种，线虫１１种；与人畜共患蠕虫１６种，易感且危害人或家畜严重的有８种。犬检出１６种，感染率为１００％；１２０只犬的平均感染强度为６６．６４条，平均感染２．８种；犬钩口线虫、犬恶丝虫、犬复孔绦虫和泡状带绦虫为优势种。猫检出１０种，３５只猫感染率为８８．６％，平均感染强度为４．５条，带状泡尾绦虫为     

黑河市狗寄生蠕虫的区系调查

对黑河市狗寄生蠕虫进行调查结果，在剖检１０只狗体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为１００％，共检获６种虫体，经鉴定吸虫１种，华枝睾吸血；绦虫２种，泡状带绦虫和线中殖孔绦虫；线虫３种，犬弓首蛔虫；犬钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫，它们隶属于３纲、６科、６属、在这６种蠕虫中华枝睾吸虫、犬弓首蛔虫和犬钩口线虫的感染率均为５０％。线中殖孔绦虫的感染率为４０％，泡状带绦虫的感染率为３０％。     

萝北县犬寄虫蠕虫的区系调查

对萝北县犬寄生蠕虫区系作了调查，结果，在剖检的１０支犬体内，寄生蠕虫的感染率为１００％，共检获５种虫体，经鉴定结果，其中吸虫１种，华枝睾吸虫。线虫４种，犬弓首线虫，犬钩口线虫；旋毛形线虫和肾膨结线虫。它们隶属于２纲、５科，５属。在这５种蠕虫中华枝睾吸虫，犬弓首线虫和犬钩口线虫的感染率均在５０％以上，为萝北县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

逊克县猫寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

对逊克县猫寄生蠕虫进行了调查，结果在剖检在１２只猫体内，寄生蠕虫感染率为９１．６６％。共检获６种虫体，经鉴定结果，其中吸虫一种，华枝睾吸虫，绦虫２种，带状泡尾绦虫和线中殖孔绦虫。线虫３种，猫弓首线虫、管形口线虫和旋毛形线虫。它们属各于３纲、６科、６属、在这６种蠕虫中猫弓首线虫的感染率为９１．６６％。华枝睾吸虫的感染率为７５％，带状泡尾绦虫的感染率为４１．６６％，线中殖孔绦虫的感染率为３３．３％，为     

孙吴县犬寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

本文报道了孙吴县犬体寄生蠕虫区系调查结果，共剖检犬１０只，检获蠕虫８种。蠕虫寄生率达１００％，８种虫体经鉴定结果为吸虫两种：华枝睾吸虫；日本棘隙吸虫。绦虫三种：泡状带绦虫；线中殖孔绦虫和犬复孔绦虫。线虫三种：犬弓首线虫；犬钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫。８种虫体隶属于３纲８科８属，其中分布广，感染率高的为犬弓首线虫和华枝睾吸虫，为孙吴县犬寄生蠕虫的优势种。     

黑河市猫寄生蠕虫区糸调查报告

本文报道了黑河市猫寄生蠕虫区系调查结果，在剖检９只猫体内，共检获寄生蠕虫６种．其中吸虫两种：华枝睾吸虫（Ｃｌｏｎｏｒｃｈｉｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）和横川后殖吸虫（Ｍｅｔａｇｏｎｉｍｕｓｙｏｋｏｇａｗａｉ）．绦虫两种：带状泡尾绦虫（Ｈｙｄａｔｉｇｅｒａｔａｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）和线中殖孔绦虫（Ｍｅｓｏｃｅｓｔｏｉｄｅｓｌｉｎｅａｔｕｓ）．线虫两种：猫弓首线虫（Ｔｏｘｏｃａｒａｃａｔｉ）和管形钩口线虫（Ａｎｃｙｌｏｓｔｏｍａｔｕｂａｅｆｏｒｍｅ）．虫体隶属于３纲６科６属．带状泡尾绦虫感染率高达１００％；猫弓首线虫感染率达８８．８％；管形钩口线虫为５５．８％和华枝睾吸虫感染率达３３％，它们是黑河市猫寄生蠕虫的优势种．     

孙吴县猫寄生蠕虫区系调查报告

本文报道了孙吴县猫寄生蠕虫调查结果，在剖检的１１只猫体内，寄生蠕虫感染率为１００％，共检获６种虫体，经鉴定结果，其中吸虫一种，华枝睾吸虫。绦虫２种，带状泡尾绦虫和线中殖孔绦虫。线虫３种，猫弓首线虫。管形钩口线虫和旋毛形线虫。它们各属于３纲、６科、６属，在这６种蠕虫中猫弓首线虫的感染率为９０．０％，带状泡尾绦虫的感经为８１．８１％，线中殖孔绦虫的感染率为６３．６％，华枝睾吸虫的感染率为４５．４５％，     

合肥市奶牛场奶牛寄生蠕虫调查

调查了合肥奶牛场奶牛的蠕虫感染情况。在163头奶牛的粪便中检测出蠕虫虫卵至少12属即线虫9属、吸虫2属、绦虫1属，其中食道口线虫的感染率最高，为30.67%，莫尼茨绦虫感染率最低为0.615%；平均每头牛感染1.14属蠕虫，最多为有6属蠕虫同时感染。     

Comparison of infection rates of Oestrus ovis between sheep and goats kept in mixed flocks

Oestrosis is a nasal myiasis of sheep and goats caused by larvae of the fly Oestrus ovis and can lead to severe clinical signs, which together with the disturbance caused by the adult fly may result into serious economic losses. Infection rates and larval burdens are always higher in sheep than in goats after either natural or artificial infestation. The aim of this study was to compare the host preference of the adult fly O. ovis between sheep and goats in mixed flocks, where they are kept together under the same husbandry conditions and hence, are very similarly exposed to the fly preference. Blood sera samples were collected from a total of 397 sheep and 335 goats, from 43 mixed flocks located at different regions of Greece. Antibodies specific to O. ovis IgG were measured by ELISA. A flock was considered positive when at least one individual was positive, i.e. showed a seropositivity of >or=20% in relation to positive control sera. A total of 193 (48.6%) sheep and 58 (17.9%) goats were found to be seropositive against O. ovis. Thirty-eight (88.4%) out of 43 flocks had at least one seropositive animal. The mean seroconversion against O. ovis in animals from the different flocks was 38.6% and 13.6% for sheep and goats, respectively, whereas the variance of infection within each flock was 0-100%. The mean seropositivity between sheep that were found to be positive or negative was 60.6% and 5.4%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values between goats were 35.2% and 5.2%, respectively. No significant difference in the seroconversion values was noted between flocks from the different areas (P=0.817), whereas a very significant difference was observed between animal species (P=0.001). However, there was no significant difference when seroconversion comparisons were made within samples of the same animals species, sheep or goats from different flocks of all the regions included in the study (P=0.695). The results of this study clearly demonstrate that O. ovis has a widespread distribution in Greece, and the seroprevalence is significantly higher in sheep than goats (P=0.001).     

High prevalence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eimeria</Emphasis> infection in dairy goats in Shaanxi province,northwestern China

A survey of dairy goats for infection with Eimeria species of coccidia was conducted in the Shaanxi province, northwestern China between December and November 2010, including Saanen and Guanzhong breeds. A total of 584 fecal samples (250 and 334 from Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats, respectively) in six farms were collected. Eimeria oocysts were seen in 568 (97.3%) fecal samples, with six species, namely Eimeria jolchijevi, Eimeria arloingi, Eimeria alijevi, Eimeria caprina, Eimeria hirci, and Eimeria christenseni. The most prevalent were E. arloingi in Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats, with an overall prevalence of 83.3% and 84.4%, and the lowest prevalence were E. christenseni (26.9%) and E. hirci (20.7%) for Saanen and Guanzhong Dairy goats, respectively. Two or more Eimeria species were commonly presented in all the age groups; 80.0% and 81.4% of positive Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats carried more than two species, and 1.6% and 6.5% of two breeds had six species. The results of the present survey suggested that Eimeria infection is wide and severe in the Saanen and Guanzhong dairy goats, which suggested that integrated strategies should be implemented to prevent and control coccidial infection in dairy goats in this province.     

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths,lungworms and liver fluke in sheep and goats in Norway

The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms and liver flukes in Norwegian sheep and goats as assessed from faecal samples and post mortem examinations performed between 2007 and 2010. Faecal samples for gastrointestinal nematode egg counts were collected from 77 sheep flocks and 30 dairy goat flocks from three geographical regions in Norway. Additionally, thirty-two lambs and 16 adult goats were euthanized for necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal nematodes and tapeworms, lungworms and liver flukes. The survey showed that there was a higher mean excretion of trichostrongyle eggs in sheep than in goats at the individual level (392 EPG vs. 154 EPG, p < 0.001). For both host species, the mean prevalence and intensity of excreted trichostrongyle eggs were significantly higher in the southern coastal region compared with the inland and northern regions (p < 0.001). Third stage larvae of Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia, Haemonchus and Nematodirus type were the most prevalent ones in the coprocultures from sheep, whereas larvae of Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia and Nematodirus type dominated in goats. The most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode species found at necropsy was Teladorsagia circumcincta (75.0 and 81.2% respectively in sheep and goats), while the largest mean worm burdens were recorded for Haemonchus contortus in sheep (724 ± 623) and T. circumcincta in goats (377 ± 529). Other gastrointestinal nematode species were present at low prevalence or in low numbers.     

Seasonal trends of Paramphistomum cervi in Tabasco, Mexico

Thirty rumens were examined every month from May 1989 to April 1992 to establish seasonal trends of infection and their relationship to the climatic factors caused by Paramphistomum cervi in cattle. The cattle were chosen from three municipalities of the Sierra region in Tabasco: Jalapa, Tacotalpa and Teapa. P. cervi was found throughout the year with prevalence between 3.33 and 96.67%, and with a yearly average of 39.10%. The major period of infection was shown in Jalapa. However, the maximum mean intensity was found in Teapa. The prevalence of the infection in all three sites was similar, showing the regional trend of P. cervi infection. Cattle were infected mainly throughout the rainy and windy seasons, during summer, autumn and at the beginning of winter.     

Studies on the prevalence and laboratory transmission of fascioliasis in animals in the Kashmir Valley

In Kashmir, 85.1% of cattle, 51.3% of sheep and 14.8% of goats were found infected with Fasciola spp. The prevalence rate varied from 66.6 to 100.0%, 25.0 to 100% and nil to 66.0% in cattle, sheep and goats respectively in different months of the year. Fasciola gigantica was the predominant species in all animal species but sheep harboured both F. gigantica and F. hepatica. The prevalence of F. hepatica infection in sheep happens to be the first report from India. Lymnaea auricularia sensu stricto supported the development of F. gigantica under laboratory conditions. The incubation temperature affected the shedding of the cercariae. Snails maintained at 25-27 degrees C started cercarial shedding as early as day 20 post-infection (PI), whereas those maintained at 10-12 degrees C commenced it from day 64 PI. One out of three experimentally infected guinea pigs aged 1 month revealed adult flukes in the liver at necropsy on day 52 PI.     

Prevalence and economic importance of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered ruminants in Burdur,Turkey

This study was conducted between April 2000 and March 2001, in 12-month period. During the study, local slaughterhouses were visited periodically for 1 year to examine the internal organs (livers, lungs, spleens and hearts) for the presence of cysts and total 1355 cattle, 218 sheep and 104 goats were examined for the cystic echinococcosis (CE). It was found that 13.5% of cattle, 26.6% of sheep and 22.1% of goats were infected with this disease. While cysts in cattle (P < 0.001) and goats (P > 0.05) were found mostly in lungs (88.5 and 82.6%, respectively), but they were mostly found in livers (P > 0.05) in sheep. In addition to this, three spleens and one heart in cattle were infected with CE. In this study, the prevalence of CE and the number of cysts in ruminants were found different when the cattle, sheep and goats examined were stratified based on age. The prevalence and the number of cysts increased with age approaching an asymptotic prevalence of one in the oldest animals (P < 0.05). The number of cysts in cattle, sheep and goats were increasing at a rate of 0.31, 0.63 and 0.42/year, respectively. The economic decrease in the value of the carcasses because of the discarded liver and lung as a result of CE was estimated as 1.1% (7.5 US dollars per cattle) for cattle, 4.37% (3.2 US dollars per sheep) for sheep and 4.26% (2.9 US dollars per goat) for goats. The minimum total loss for all infected animals was determined to be 583 US dollars in infected animals, based on the market prices in the year 2002.     

Helminths of goats in Mongolia

Post-mortem examinations of 236 goats from all provinces in Mongolia were performed for the study of helminths in goats. Thirty-nine helminth species belonging to three classes, 14 families and 23 genera were found. Trichocephalus spiralis and Avitellina centripunctata are reported for the first time in goats in Mongolia. The prevalence and intensity of helminth infections are reported for three age groups of goats in four seasons and three geographic zones in Mongolia. Common helminth infections of goats in all zones of Mongolia were infections of Ostertagia, Marshallagia and Nematodirus. In addition, fecal samples of 15 kids, 15 yearlings and 15 adult goats were examined monthly for eggs. The highest number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was counted in March (average 1335.3+/-405.3) and the lowest count was in November (54+/-18.6).     

Parasitic helminths in the digestive tract of six species of owls (Strigiformes) in Spain

A survey was carried out in Catalonia, Spain to determine the prevalence of parasitic helminths infesting the digestive tract of nocturnal raptors (Strigiformes). One hundred birds belonging to six owl species were examined. The number of birds examined ranged between three and 30. The overall level of infestation was 65% and the most frequent helminths present were nematodes, followed by trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalans. Strigiformes showing the highest levels of infestation were little owls (Athene noctua), 86.7% of which were infested. Helminths with the highest prevalence were Synhimantus spp., intestinal capillarids, Brachylaima spp., cestodes and Centrorhynchus aluconis.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.