RPAA和保护性小肽对奶牛生产性能与消化率的影响

选取产奶量、泌乳期及年龄、体重相近的16头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组4头牛。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加脂肪包被的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸、脂肪包被的小肽、用甲醛处理的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸。结果表明:在奶牛日粮中添加脂肪包被的氨基酸和脂肪包被的小肽,其产奶量分别比对照组提高16.67%、24.02%(P<0.05);乳中固形物和乳脂率没有显著差异,乳蛋白略有升高(P>0.05);饲料干物质、粗蛋白和粗纤维消化率明显提高(P<0.05)。说明脂肪包被的氨基酸、小肽的效果优于甲醛处理的氨基酸组。     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验研究了过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMET.)对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳早期生产性能的影响。将12头奶牛随机分成对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每头牛每天过瘤胃蛋氨酸的添加量分别为:对照组0g,试验1组20g,试验2组40g,试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组,试验2组的奶牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护性蛋氨都提高了泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量,乳脂肪含量,乳蛋白含量,且差异显著(P<0.05)。     

复合益生菌对泌乳中后期奶牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵参数的影响

选用48头产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的泌乳中后期奶牛进行配对设计,分为4组,即对照组(复合益生菌0g/d)、试验1组(复合益生菌10g/d)、试验2组(复合益生菌20g/d)和试验3组(复合益生菌30g/d),试验期60d,其中预饲期7d。结果表明:与对照组相比,复合益生菌能够提高泌乳中后期奶牛的产奶量,同时能够显著提高乳蛋白率、乳糖率和总固形物(P<0.05);对血液生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05);复合益生菌能显著提高瘤胃中NH_3-N和微生物蛋白(MCP)含量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验2组的粗蛋白(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05);试验1,2,3组比对照组每头奶牛每天分别获益2.28,4.80和4.09元。以产奶性能、瘤胃发酵参数、营养物质表观消化率和经济效益为主要衡量指标,以每头奶牛日喂20g效果最佳。     

提高夏季奶牛生产性能的营养调控研究

为了研究通过营养调控措施提高夏季奶牛的生产性能,选择体况、胎次、产犊时间、产奶量相近的泌乳盛期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组5头。试验1组添加过瘤胃氨基酸(赖氨酸+蛋氨酸)100g/头·d,试验2组每日添加过瘤胃脂肪酸钙300g/头·d,试验3组每日添加过瘤胃氨基酸(赖氨酸+蛋氨酸)100g/头·d和过瘤胃脂肪酸钙300g/头·d,对照组不添加添加剂,试验期30d。结果表明:奶牛日粮中添加过瘤胃氨基酸具有提高干物质采食量、产奶量的趋势,显著提高乳蛋白含量(P0.05);添加过瘤胃脂肪酸钙具有减少采食量的趋势,对奶牛泌乳性能影响不大;奶牛日粮中同时添加过瘤胃氨基酸和过瘤胃脂肪酸钙可以显著提高产奶量和乳蛋白含量(P0.05),建议夏季奶牛日粮可以同时添加过瘤胃氨基酸和过瘤胃脂肪酸钙。     

小肽对奶牛产奶量、血清生化指标和营养物质消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究小肽对奶牛产奶量、血清生化指标和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选用80头产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的健康荷斯坦牛,随机分成4组,每组20头奶牛。对照组(A组)饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组在基础日粮基础上分别添加小肽5、10和15g/(头·d),预饲期7d,正试期60d。结果表明,添加小肽提高了奶产量,C组与A组相比,提高了3.21kg/d(P0.05);小肽增强了奶牛机体免疫力,降低了乳体细胞数,B、C和D组血清中的IgA和IgM含量显著高于A组(P0.05);C组有机物和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率也显著高于A组(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑奶产量、血清生化指标和表观消化率等指标,小肽添加量为10g/(头·d)效果最好。     

活性干酵母对荷斯坦泌乳牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵及营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度的活性干酵母对荷斯坦泌乳牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体重、胎次、泌乳天数、产奶量相近的45头荷斯坦泌乳牛,随机分为3个处理组,Ⅰ_0、Ⅱ_2、Ⅲ_5组分别在基础日粮中添加0、2、5 g/(d·头)活性干酵母(活细胞数≥200亿个/g)。试验预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:与Ⅰ_0组相比,Ⅲ5组泌乳牛的干物质采食量、产奶量、4%乳脂校正乳、乳脂产量分别显著提高1.23、0.99、1.92 kg/d和7.2%(P0.05),各处理组间其他乳成分无显著差异(P0.05);奶牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丁酸浓度未受活性干酵母的显著影响(P0.05),但与Ⅰ_0组相比,Ⅲ_5组奶牛瘤胃内丙酸浓度显著增加(P0.05),从而使得乙酸/丙酸显著降低(P0.05);活性干酵母有提高奶牛干物质(P=0.20)、粗蛋白(P=0.17)中性洗涤纤维(P=0.40)和酸性洗涤纤维(P=0.25)的表观消化率的趋势。综上所述,奶牛日粮中添加5 g/(d·头)活性干酵母可促进瘤胃丙酸型发酵,降低乙酸/丙酸,显著提高奶牛的采食量、产奶量和乳脂产量,具有明显的经济效益优势。     

包被蛋氨酸对低蛋白质日粮饲养的奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化及瘤胃发酵的影响

文章旨在评估包被蛋氨酸对低蛋白质日粮奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化、血清生化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验将体重为（634±38）kg、泌乳量为40 kg的20头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头奶牛。对照组奶牛饲喂低蛋白的基础全混合日粮,处理组奶牛饲喂低蛋白的基础全混合日粮+0.4 g/kg包被蛋氨酸。结果：对照组与处理组对奶牛采食量、泌乳量、4%脂肪校正乳及脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖产量的影响无显著差异（P＞0.05）,同时两组奶牛乳中蛋白质和乳糖成分也无显著差异（P＞0.05）。处理组奶牛的乳尿素氮产量、乳中脂肪和尿素氮含量较对照组分别显著提高7.43%、3.87%和4.32%（P＜0.05）。低蛋白质日粮添加包被蛋氨酸对奶牛养分表观消化率无显著影响（P＞0.05）。与对照组相比,处理组奶牛血清尿素氮浓度及瘤胃氨氮浓度分别显著提高8.45%和18.56%（P＜0.05）,但血清谷氨酰转肽酶活性及瘤胃pH和异戊酸浓度分别显著降低16.28%、2.38%和32.35%（P＜0.05）。结论：低蛋白质日粮补充0.4 g/kg包被蛋氨酸对奶牛泌乳量、采食量和养分消化均无负面影响,但可改善乳脂肪和尿素氮含量,降低瘤胃pH。 [关键词]包被蛋氨酸|低蛋白|奶牛|泌乳性能|养分消化|瘤胃发酵     

泌乳奶牛日粮中添加磷酸脲的效果试验

选择16头泌乳奶牛,采用对比试验设计方法,将其随机分为4组,以测定泌乳奶牛日粮中添加磷酸脲的效果。结果表明:各组泌乳奶牛的产奶量、乳中营养物质含量差异不显著(p>0.05),日粮中各营养物质只有CP的消化率差异显著(p<0.05)。     

大蒜油和肉桂酸复合物对奶牛生产性能及营养物质消化的影响

本研究旨在考察大蒜油和肉桂醛复合物(GAR-CIN)对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、营养物质消化及血液生化指标的影响。荷斯坦泌乳奶牛50头随机分成2组,每组25头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮的基础上添加30 g/d.头的GAR-CIN,饲养试验时间75 d。结果表明:GAR-CIN能显著提高泌乳日龄为90～120 d的奶牛的平均产奶量(P<0.05),显著降低体细胞数(P<0.05)。两步法离体消化试验的结果显示,GAR-CIN能显著提高奶牛干物质体外消化率(P<0.05);内源指示剂法的结果显示,GAR-CIN能极显著提高日粮的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率(P<0.01);此外,添加GAR-CIN使奶牛血清尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清中IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05)。说明,GAR-CIN能显著提高泌乳日龄为90～120 d奶牛的产奶量,改善乳品质,增强奶牛的免疫功能,促进奶牛对营养物质的消化。     

复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和消化生理的影响

本试验旨在研究复合有机酸对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和消化生理的影响。选择388头泌乳奶牛，根据体重、产奶量、泌乳天数相近原则，按照随机区组设计分为2组，即对照组和试验组，每组194头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中每头每天添加48 g复合有机酸。试验期共40 d，其中预试期10 d，正试期30 d。结果显示：与对照组相比，饲粮中添加复合有机酸可显著提高泌乳奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量、乳脂率、4%乳脂校正产量以及钙的表观消化率（P<0.05），对乳蛋白率、体细胞数、体细胞评分以及干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、磷的表观消化率没有显著影响（P>0.05）；饲粮中添加复合有机酸显著增加了泌乳奶牛的采食时长（P<0.05），但未显著影响躺卧时长、咀嚼次数、肢蹄评分、瘤胃充盈度评分、粪便评分、体表清洁度评分（P>0.05）。由此可见，添加复合有机酸能够提高泌乳奶牛的生产性能、钙表观消化率及采食时长。     

不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和消化代谢规律的影响

本试验旨在研究不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和营养物质消化率及氮平衡的影响。选择96只60日龄、健康状况良好的水貂,随机分为4组,每组24只,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌、6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌、0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌+6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌。在水貂育成期内进行饲养与消化代谢试验,分析不同组合益生菌对水貂平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率及沉积氮、蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组公貂的干物质消化率和试验2组公貂的脂肪消化率显著下降(P<0.05),但不同组水貂的生长性能和氮平衡及母貂的营养物质消化率未受到益生菌的影响(P>0.05)。提示,日粮中添加益生菌不会显著改善育成期水貂的生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮平衡,故在水貂健康的前提下,无需在育成貂日粮中添加益生菌。     

丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响

试验旨在研究丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响。选用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡384羽,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复24羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加250、500、750 g/t剂量的丁酸甘油酯替代40%的油脂饲喂,试验周期为42 d。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,饲料中添加丁酸甘油酯对于肉鸡的生长性能具有促进作用,其中中剂量组（500 g/t）添加效果最好。各剂量组肉鸡屠宰性能较空白对照组有所改善,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;与空白对照组相比,各剂量组十二指肠和空肠肠绒毛高度均有所提高,其中中剂量组与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,各剂量组隐窝深度有变浅的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;与空白对照组相比,中剂量组的粗脂肪和粗纤维表观消化率均显著提高（P<0.05）;大肠杆菌数量显著减少（P<0.05）,盲肠乳酸菌数量显著增加（P<0.05）。综上所述,基础日粮添加丁酸甘油酯能促进生长性能,提高饲料养分消化率,改善肠道形态和微生物菌群,肉鸡日粮中丁酸甘油酯最佳添加剂量为500 g/t。     

牛至油和过瘤胃蛋氨酸组合添加对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量与养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究牛至油(Oo)与过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)的不同添加组合对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)产量与养分消化率的影响。选取年龄、体重、胎次、产奶量、乳成分及泌乳期(90±15)d的荷斯坦奶牛40头,分为10个组,每组4头。对照(C)组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂不同添加水平的Oo和RPMet,Oo设置3个梯度,添加量分别为11.5(L)、13(M)、14.5(H)g/(d·头);RPMet设置3个梯度,添加量分别为22.5(L)、25(M)、27.5(H)g/(d·头),共组成9个不同的添加量组合,分别为LL、ML、HL、LM、MM、HM、LH、MH、HH(第1个字母为Oo添加水平,第2个字母为RPMet添加水平)。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:各试验组奶牛的微生物蛋白(MCP)产量均有提高,其中MH、ML、LH、LM、HM组的MCP产量显著提高;试验组奶牛的养分表观消化率有提高趋势,其中MH、HM组粗蛋白质消化率极显著提高;HH、MH组中性洗涤纤维消化率显著提高,酸性洗涤纤维消化率极显著提高;MH组干物质消化率显著提高。在本试验条件下,综合考虑瘤胃MCP产量以及各主要养分的表观消化率,以Oo 13 g/(d·头)、RPMet 27.5 g/(d·头)组合(MH组)效果最好。     

Effect of protein source and fumaric acid supplementation on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients by young pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of DM and N by young pigs fed diets supplemented with different protein sources or organic acids. Pigs were surgically fitted with silicone cannulas at 2 wk of age. Following surgery, pigs were allowed to recuperate with their dams while suckling normally. After weaning at 24 d, pigs were assigned to treatment diets at 28 d of age. A 3-d adjustment and 4-d collection sequence was followed for the duration of the 4-wk experiment. Four treatment diets were fed in each experiment in a weekly rotation until each diet had been fed to each pig. Diet samples and digesta collected through the ileal cannulas were analyzed for chromic oxide (used as an indigestible marker), DM, and N. Pigs in Exp. 1 were fed isolysinic (1.0%) corn-based diets supplemented with casein, soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, or isolated soy protein. Casein addition resulted in improved DM (P less than .001) and N (P less than .05) digestibility but reduced gain (P less than .05) compared with the average of the soy protein sources. Nitrogen from diets formulated with soybean meal was digested more completely (P less than .05) than N from diets based on soy protein concentrate and isolated soy protein. Experiment 2 was an evaluation of the effect of dried skim milk (25%) and fumaric acid (2%) addition on apparent ileal digestibility of N and DM in corn-soybean meal diets. Addition of dried skim milk improved DM (P less than .01) and N (P less than .05) digestibility and daily gain (P less than .001). Fumaric acid supplementation did not affect nutrient digestibility or gain (P greater than .10).     

Effects of flaxseed supplementation on milk production, milk fatty acid composition and nutrient utilization by lactating dairy cows.

Twelve multiparous Holstein cows at 72 +/- 20 days in milk were used in a switch-back design with 14-d periods to determine the effect of replacing barley grain into a dairy total mixed ration with micronized or raw flaxseed on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition. Total mixed diets were (DM basis) 50% barley silage, 50% concentrate mix mainly rolled barley grain and canola meal. Diets were supplemented with 1 kg raw (RF) or micronized (MF) flaxseed to substitute 1 kg of rolled barley grain (C). Neutral detergent fibre, ADF and CP digestibility of the diets were not significantly affected by supplementation; however, calcium digestibility was reduced by 62% and 46% when raw and micronized flax were fed, respectively. Milk yield (38.3, 39.6, and 38.4 kg/d for diets C, RF and MF, respectively) was similar for all diets. Milk fat (3.50, 3.48, and 3.52%) and protein (3.31, 3.34, and 3.31%) for diets C, RF and MF, respectively, were not affected by treatment diets. Concentrations of c9, t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 0.51, 0.72 and 0.76 g/100 g fatty acids) in milk fat increased (P<0.05) similarly among the two flaxseed supplemented diets. The RF and MF diets significantly increased the C18:1, C18:1 trans-11, C18:2 cis-9, cis-12 and C18:3 in milk fat however, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 were significantly reduced compared with control. Replacing barley grain with flaxseed in the diet of lactating cows increased the beneficial fatty acids in milk without depressing nutrient digestibility. Micronization of flaxseed did not reveal any advantage over raw flaxseed.     

橘皮渣对奶牛产奶性能和养分表观消化率的影响

选用12头奶牛随机分成2组，研究添加橘皮渣对奶牛产奶性能的影响。结果表明：添加橘皮渣可极显著提高奶牛的4%标准奶产量、乳脂率、乳固形物率、乳脂产量和乳固形物产量(P<0.01)，并可改善乳营养成分和提高全混合日粮养分表观消化率。     

Dietary yeast culture supplementation of mares during late gestation and early lactation: Effects on milk production, milk composition, weight gain and linear growth of nursing foals

This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of pregnant and lactating mares with concentrated dried live yeast culture on the nutrient content and rate of production of milk during early lactation and on the growth of their nursing foals. Pregnant mares were fed the same diets, with or without 20 g/day of yeast culture, from 4 weeks before foaling through the eighth week of lactation. Milk production at the onset of lactation, as measured by the weigh-suckle-weigh technique, was significantly stimulated by yeast culture supplementation, although the effect was only temporary. However, the nutrient composition of mares milk was altered by continued yeast culture supplementation through at least the eighth week of lactation. Gross energy (kcal/100 g milk), sugar, fat, protein and total amino acid contents (g/100 g milk) were significantly increased. The concentrations of a number of individual amino acids tended to be greater in the milk of supplemented mares, but most of these individual differences were not statistically significant. The intakes of energy (Mcal/day), sugars, fat, protein, total amino acids, leucine, lysine, serine and valine (g/day) were significantly greater by the foals nursing supplemented mares through 8 weeks. The foals nursing supplemented mares exhibited significantly greater rates of gain by the fourth week of life, and faster growth at the withers after 6 weeks. The efficiency of converting mare feed to neonatal body mass was 24% greater in the foals of supplemented mares, These data indicate that supplementing mares with dietary yeast culture during early lactation resulted in more efficient and rapid growth of their nurslings.     

Effect of different levels of mannan‐oligosaccharide supplementation on the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients,N‐balance and growth performance of weaned piglets

Several studies report that dietary mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOSs) improve the growth performance of piglets, however, only a few studies focus on nutrient digestibility. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary MOS on ileal digestibility of nutrients and on N‐balance and growth performance of piglets weaned at 28 days of age. Three experiments were conducted: a digestibility trial with a total of 30, simple T‐cannulated piglets (Exp. 1), a N‐balance trial with a total of 48 intact piglets (Exp. 2) and a performance trial with a total of 324 piglets (Exp. 3). In Exp. 1 and 2, the same five dietary treatments were carried out by supplementing the basal diet with 0, 1, 2, 4 g MOS or with 0.2 g antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, Avilamycin) per kg of diet. In Exp. 3, three dietary treatments were used as follows: the basal diet was supplemented no additive, 2 g MOS or 0.2 g AGP (Avilamycin) per kg of diet. Dietary MOS (2 or 4 g/kg) enhanced the ileal digestibility of crude protein similar to antibiotics. Addition of 1 g/kg MOS significantly increased the digestibility of Ca and P by 8.4% and 7.7% units, respectively; however, further increment did not enhance the absorption. Addition of 1 or 2 g/kg MOS significantly increased the ileal digestibility of lysine, methionine, cystine and threonine with the same magnitude or even more than the AGP. In our study, MOS supplementation had no influence on N‐balance and growth parameters. Because of the better apparent ileal digestibility of certain nutrients, however, the protein, lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, Ca and P contents of the diet can probably be reduced without weakening the rearing performance of piglets, when the diet is supplemented with 2 g/kg MOS.     

半胱胺对夏季水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能和瘤胃微生物多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究水牛饲粮中添加半胱胺对水牛泌乳性能、瘤胃发酵参数、抗氧化性能和瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选取体重（615 kg±21 kg）、胎次（3~5胎）和产奶量（6 kg/d±1 kg/d）相近的健康泌乳中期尼里-拉菲奶水牛20头,采用单因素随机区组设计,分为4组,每组5头水牛。在基础饲粮中分别添加0（对照组）、15、30和45 g/d半胱胺。预饲期1周,试验期4周。结果表明：与对照组相比,①添加半胱胺对水牛体表温度、直肠温度和呼吸频率均无显著影响（P>0.05）。②添加30和45 g/d半胱胺显著提高了水牛干物质采食量（DMI）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率（P<0.05）。③添加半胱胺显著提高了水牛产奶量、4%乳脂校正乳产量、乳蛋白率、乳总固形物和乳非脂固形物含量（P<0.05）。④添加45 g/d半胱胺显著提高了水牛瘤胃微生物蛋白（MCP）含量（P<0.05）;添加半胱胺对水牛瘤胃液细菌和真菌数量无显著影响（P>0.05）;添加15 g/d半胱胺显著降低了原虫数量（P<0.05）,而半胱胺添加剂量为30 g/d时瘤胃液原虫数量则显著增加（P<0.05）。⑤添加半胱胺能显著降低乳中C14：1n5、C18：3n6含量,显著增加乳中C18：1n9t、C19：0、C20：3n6含量（P<0.05）。添加30 g/d半胱胺显著降低乳中C16：0、C18：0和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量（P<0.05）;添加30和45 g/d半胱胺显著降低乳中C20：4n6（ARA）和不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量（P<0.05）。⑥添加半胱胺组水牛血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著提高（P<0.05）;15和30 g/d半胱胺组水牛血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）;30和45 g/d半胱胺组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性、总蛋白、球蛋白水平显著增加（P<0.05）;15和45 g/d半胱胺组皮质醇（Cor）显著降低（P<0.05）;30 g/d半胱胺组谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著增加（P<0.05）。综合试验结果,饲粮中添加半胱胺能够提高泌乳中期水牛泌乳性能与抗氧化能力,影响水牛瘤胃发酵、乳脂脂肪酸含量和瘤胃原虫数量。在本试验条件下,建议半胱胺在水牛饲粮中的适宜添加量为30 g/d。     

奶牛日粮中添加油菜籽、菜油及脂肪酸钙对奶牛产奶量及奶品质的影响

试验选用泌乳3~5个月，2~5胎次，体重相近，健康无病，产奶量相近（P>0.05）的奶牛36头，随机分为4组，其中：对照组喂给基础日粮，试验1、2和3组分别在基础日粮中添加油菜籽（350 g/d·头）、菜油（150 g/d·头）和脂肪酸钙（200 g/d·头）。通过30 d对比饲养试验。结果表明：试验1、2、3组的奶牛日均产奶量分别比对照组相对提高0.88（P<0.05）、0.31(P>0.05)、0.70 kg/d·头(P<0.05)。各组间奶牛干物质采食量及饲料干物质利用率均无显著差异（P>0.05）；试验1、2、3组牛奶中乳蛋白和非脂乳固体有增加的趋势，但不明显（P>0.05）；试验1、2、3组与对照组的乳脂率无明显变化(P>0.05)。与对照组相比试验1组每头奶牛每天可增加纯收入1.08元，试验2组亏损0.06元，试验3组亏损0.14元；从而认为在日粮中添加油菜籽、菜油、脂肪酸钙可以提高奶牛产奶量，其中以添加油菜籽的经济效益最好。