两种裂腹鱼病害防治研究

<正>云南裂腹鱼(Schizothorax yunnanensis Norman),小裂腹鱼(Schizothorax parvus Tsao)均隶属鲤形目、鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科、裂腹鱼属、弓鱼亚属。前者主要分布于澜沧江中游洱海上游的弥苴河、剑湖等水域,为云南四大名鱼之一,2011年被列为云南土著鱼类繁育推广鱼类品种,是大理洱海增殖鱼类;后者主要分布于金沙江支流的漾弓江流域水体,为云南特有裂腹鱼,     

野生齐口裂腹鱼驯化注意事项

齐口裂腹鱼[Schizothorax (S.)prenanti(Tchang)](图见彩中插2),属鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科、裂腹鱼属鱼类,别名雅鱼、细鳞鱼、鲤鱼。随着市场对齐口裂腹鱼需求量的增加,其天然资源量供不应求,为满足市场对齐口裂腹鱼的需要,四川、重庆一些地区已开展流水池塘和网箱养殖。齐口裂腹鱼的养殖近几年发展比较快,     

金沙江下游支流大汶溪鱼类资源现状与保护对策

2011年7月至2013年3月对金沙江下游支流大汶溪进行了6次鱼类资源调查,共设3个采样点,每次调查时间为10~15 d。结果表明,大汶溪共采集到鱼类3目、8科、28属、41种,其中长江上游特有鱼类8种;大汶溪上游以齐口裂腹鱼[Schizothorax(Schizothorax)prenanti]、短体副鳅(Paracobitis potanini)和短须裂腹鱼[Schizothorax(Schizothorax)wangchiachii]为优势种,中游以齐口裂腹鱼、短体副鳅为优势种,下游以鲫(Carassius auratus)、宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)为优势种,不同江段的渔获物组成存在差异;主要捕捞对象齐口裂腹鱼平均体重低于80 g、起捕规格小于10 g,存在过度捕捞现象。大汶溪鱼类多样性指数较高,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H)、Wilhm改进指数(H')、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Pielou均匀度指数(E)分别为1.683~2.785、1.116~2.789、0.6597~0.9016、0.2831~0.4762,但整体上低于金沙江绥江段,该江段此4项指数分别为3.230、2.893、0.9421和0.4681。向家坝水电站淹没成库以及过度捕捞对大汶溪鱼类资源形成威胁,需要加强鱼类生态保护措施。     

一例齐口裂腹鱼春季常见病的诊治

正齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti),俗称雅鱼、洋鱼、齐口细鳞鱼,为鲤形目、鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科、裂腹鱼属,主要分布于我国长江上游的金沙、岷江、大渡河、青衣江及乌江下游等水域,喜欢栖息于较低水温(7~10℃)的急缓流交界处,齐口裂腹鱼肉肥质嫩、富含脂肪、味道鲜美,是重庆、四川等地重要经济鱼类。但随着人工养殖迅速发展,其养殖规模的增大,尤其是在季节交替时,由于受到温度、水质、天气以及投饲食物等影响,容易暴发寄生虫病、细菌性疾病,而导致其大批死亡,使养殖户遭受了较大的经济损失。     

齐口裂腹鱼生长激素基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

鱼类生长激素是一种单一肽链蛋白激素,主要作用是促进机体的生长.采用RT-PCR方法,首次从齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)脑垂体总RNA中克隆出生长激素(gFowth hormone,GH)cDNA的开放阅读框ORF(open reading frame)序列,全长633bp.经DNA Star软件分析,该基因编码210个氨基酸,分子量为23.55 kD,等电点为5.46,含有1个疏水区和1个N-糖基化位点.空间结构含有4个α螺旋和4个β折叠,形成2个二硫键.序列比较发现,齐口裂腹鱼GH与草鱼、鲤的GH同源性分别为99.8%、99.4%;与黄鳝、花鲈和大黄鱼的GH同源性分别为57.4%、63.5%和64.2%.     

齐口裂腹鱼杯体虫病的治疗初探

正齐口裂腹鱼属于鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科、裂腹鱼属,其肉质细嫩、营养丰富、味道鲜美,广受群众赞誉。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对齐口裂腹鱼等名优水产品的需求在不断增加,但是由于电站修建、生态破坏、过度捕捞、环境污染等因素的影响,齐口裂腹鱼等种群数量在不断下降,分布区域日趋缩小。因此,人工养殖是解决齐口裂腹鱼产量的最佳措施。目前在四川雅安和攀枝花地区已在开展流水池塘和网箱养殖。随着集约化养殖方式的开展,齐口裂腹鱼的     

短须裂腹鱼的育苗及疾病防治技术

<正>我国西南地区河流众多,且分布有大量长江上游珍稀特有鱼类,近年来,以短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)为代表的冷水鱼养殖在云南和四川悄然兴起,增殖放流带动下的人工养殖给当地带来了较高的经济效益和生态效益。本文着重介绍增殖放流站通用的工厂化育苗、室外育苗及疾病防治等技术,以期为短须裂腹鱼的推广养殖提供参考。一、基础生物学特性体被细鳞,臀鳍两侧有一列特化大型臀鳞,在腹中线上形成一条裂缝,下颌具有发达的角质,须     

齐口裂腹鱼鳃丝细胞系的建立、鉴定及免疫研究

齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)是长江上游水域的珍稀鱼类, 近年来由于环境变化和疾病爆发野外齐口裂腹鱼数量急剧减少, 现已被列入长江上游二级急切保护的特有鱼类, 因此, 对齐口裂腹鱼的保护刻不容缓。建立齐口裂腹鱼细胞系是保护其种质资源的有效手段, 也可以在不伤害现有鱼群的条件下进行多种齐口裂腹鱼相关生物学研究。本研究建立了首个来源于齐口裂腹鱼的细胞系, SPG 细胞系。原代细胞分离自齐口裂腹鱼鳃丝组织, 呈均一的上皮状, 使用含 15%血清的 L-15 培养, 在 15 个月时间里成功传至 55 代。线粒体 COI 基因鉴定, 证明该细胞来源于齐口裂腹鱼, 核型检测细胞染色体数目为 2n=96。在液氮中保存 12 个月的细胞, 复苏后能保持 75%以上活力。EGFP-N3 质粒转染 SPG 细胞后观察到明显的绿色荧光蛋白表达。病毒类似物 poly(I:C)和大肠杆菌脂多糖 LPS 可引起细胞 IL-1β、IL-8、TNFa 和 TLR22 等免疫相关基因表达量升高。表明本研究建立的齐口裂腹鱼鳃丝细胞系可用于免疫学研究。此外, 此细胞系还将在种质保存, 外源蛋白表达和齐口裂腹鱼体外生物学研究中发挥重要作用。     

不同浓度MS-222对短须裂腹鱼苗种的麻醉效果研究

<正>短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)主要分布于金沙江、雅砻江、乌江等水系,其喜急流、阴暗和安静的环境,游动迅捷,有顶水跳跃的习性。近年来,短须裂腹鱼已作为地方政府和多个水电站增殖放流的品种,合理使用鱼用麻醉剂可缓解人工放流前捕捞、过数、运输等环节对苗种的应激反应,减少因此而造成的损伤或死     

齐口裂腹鱼人工养殖技术

齐口裂腹鱼（Schizothorax prenanti）,俗称雅鱼、齐口、细甲鱼、齐口细鳞鱼,为四川省级保护动物,是我国特有的重要名优经济鱼类。由于其品质优良,肉嫩鲜美,营养丰富,颇受广大消费者喜爱。目前,齐口裂腹鱼作为一种新的名优养殖鱼类,其引种驯化、规模化养殖与人工繁殖越来越受到广大水产科技人员及养殖者的重视。本文就齐口裂腹鱼人工养殖技术进行阐述,以期为齐口裂腹鱼的驯养提供依据,促进该鱼产业化养殖的发展。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).