长白落叶松生长和材质性状地理变异的研究

本文对１６年生长白落叶松６个种源进行生长和材性分析，结果表明：（１）树高、胸径、冠幅３个生长性状种源间的变异较大，基本密度、管胞长度、管胞宽度、管胞长宽比４个木材材质性状种源间变异较小，遗传变异主要存在于种源内个体间；（２）基本密度受较弱的遗传控制，其余６个性状分别受中等至较强的遗传控制；（３）长白落叶松生长和材性地理变异的基本模式是以纬向为主，温度、年降水量等环境因子是影响长白落叶松生长和材性的主导因子；（４）较低纬度、低海拔的白刀山种源为生长和材质兼优的优良种源，其次是大海林和和龙种源。     

红松不同种源材质性状试验初报

以17年生23个种源红松(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et. Zucc)为试验木材,参照国家标准木材物理力学试验方法进行了管胞长度、管胞直径、年轮宽和晚材率等参数的测试和研究,包括材质性状在不同种源间遗传变异情况和从髓心到树皮径向变异模式研究。结果表明:红松各项材质在不同种源间差异极显著,各种材质均存在一定的径向变异模式。     

加格达奇地区长白落叶松种源生长性状的变异分析

通过对加格达奇地区长白落叶松10个种源树高、胸径的调查,对10个种源的生长性状进行了综合分析,发现树高、胸径、材积在种源间均存在着一定的变异,且不同种源的树高、胸径、材积均差异显著,多重比较后天桥岭和穆棱种源为加格达奇地区长白落叶松生长优良的种源。     

红皮云杉生长与材质性状的地理变异和遗传表现

以来自中国东北地区帽儿山(45°20'N, 127°30'E)、凉水(47°10'N, 128°53'E)和加格达奇(50°24'N, 124°07'E)的19年生红皮云杉种源试验林8个种源为材料,测定和分析了种源间高生长、径生长和材质性状(管胞长度、管胞直径、年轮宽度和木材密度)的遗传变异.结果表明:红皮云杉种源间在高生长和径生长上存在显著的差异,且这种差异随着树木年龄的增加具有不同的地理适应性.如帽儿山和凉水试验地种源的生长性状在10年生时与地理经度呈一定的正相关,当试验林达到15和19年生时种源的生长与纬度和海拔出现显著的相关性.此外,还发现红皮云杉材质性状在种源间也存在显著变异.种源生长与材质性状间存在一定的相关关系,如种源的高径生长与管胞直径和年轮宽之间存在正相关,而与管胞壁厚和木材密度之间却存在一定程度的负相关.最后对以上生长与材质性状种源间的遗传表现进行了探讨,目的是为今后红皮云杉单板与纸浆材综合选择提供更有用的信息.     

湿地松全同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异与选择研究

对湿地松52个全同胞家系测定林进行了研究。结果表明:树高、胸径、材积、木材密度等性状有显著的差异,具有适度的遗传力,而未发现管胞长度有显著的家系效应;生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制;树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系;木材基本密度、管胞长度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此,利用约束和无约束选择指数,进行生长和材性联合选择,评选出了22个家系(杂交组合)为优良家系。     

湿地松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传分析及联合选择

对１９８１年营造的湿地桦４３个半同胞家系测定林的研究结果表明：家系树高、胸径、材积、干形、枝粗、木材密度等生长、形质和木材性状有显著的差异,具有适度的遗传力,而未发现管胞长度显著的家系效应。生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制,树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系,木材基本密度、管胞长度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此,利用约束选择指数,根据纸浆材和建筑材不同材种要求,进行生长、形质和材性联     

红松种源碳汇关联性状变异与高碳汇优良种源选择

为研究红松不同种源含碳量性状的变异模式和选择高碳汇优良种源用于碳汇林的营造,以黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山试验林场20年生红松种源试验林21个种源为对象,分别测定和分析了树高、胸径、材积,树根、树冠、树干与单株干质量、含碳率和含碳量,并对上述性状地理变异规模影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:除树冠、树根干重与树冠含碳量外,其余性状种源间均存在显著或极显著差异。树高、胸径、材积、树干总干质量、树木总干质量和树木总含碳量性状在其分布区内呈现出从高海拔向低海拔增大的连续性渐变模式,其反映了红松各种源对温度因子的高度适应性。红松种源层次含碳量性状的遗传力为53.92%,汪清种源含碳量达到41.49kg,选择汪清种源在老爷岭-张广才岭地区推广可获得50.73%的遗传增益。以胸径为指标对含碳量进行间接选择,选择出的优良种源依然为汪清种源,含碳量性状间接选择遗传增益为29.97%。     

邓恩桉种源试验林生长性状遗传变异及选择

为筛选出邓恩桉(Eucalyptus dunnii)优良遗传材料,对6年生邓恩桉种源试验林的适应性及生长性状进行调查测定并统计分析。结果表明:试验林保存率为52.56%,各种源的整体适应能力差异显著;试验林平均树高为18.3 m,平均胸径为16.4 cm,平均单株材积为0.187 5 m3,各生长性状种源间差异极显著,3个生长性状在种源和单株水平上受中等强度以下遗传控制。构建多性状综合指数方程,按照标准选出3个优良种源及75个优良单株,其中优良种源树高、胸径、材积的遗传增益分别为2.89%、3.98%、9.11%,优良单株树高、胸径、材积的遗传增益分别为4.66%、8.56%、16.01%,选优效果明显。     

桤木种源家系生长性状遗传变异及选择

对桤木中龄林阶段生长表现进行研究,为筛选生长性状优良的桤木种源/家系,以及桤木遗传改良提供参考。对7年生的桤木18个种源98个家系的生长性状进行调查,在分析生长性状遗传变异的基础上进行优良种源和家系的选择。结果显示,除胸径外,桤木生长性状在种源、家系间达到显著或极显著差异,表型变异系数和遗传变异系数分别为0.175～0.303和0.033～0.369。各性状的种源重复力、家系遗传力分别为0.775～0.836和0.828～0.867。运用综合指数选择,综合树高、胸径、冠幅和枝下高性状选出优良种源2个,优良家系8个。优良种源的树高、胸径、冠幅和枝下高的平均遗传增益分别为4.60%、7.23%、5.28%和14.87%,优良家系的树高、胸径、冠幅和枝下高的平均遗传增益分别为9.31%、13.73%、18.24%和28.75%。桤木中龄林在种源/家系间选择潜力较大,选择增益较大,筛选出的优良的种源或家系为培育桤木短周期工业原料林、遗传改良及后续研究工作提供极佳的繁殖材料。     

马尾松纸浆材重要经济性状配合力及杂种优势分析

报道了马尾松不同种源优良无性系 6× 6全双列交配的 7a生遗传测定林的分析结果。研究发现 ,树高、胸径和材积生长、干物质积累及木材基本密度等纸浆材主要经济性状的一般配合力 (GCA)和特殊配合力 (SCA)效应极为显著 ,但显性基因效应起主导地位 ,加性基因效应次之。基因上位效应则因性状而异 ,仅对木材基本密度作用显著 ,而对树高、胸径、材积生长和干物质积累作用较小或可忽略。马尾松生长和材质材性指标的遗传控制模式不同于玉米、杉木等研究结果 ,这可能与交配亲本来源于不同地理种源及经过一般配合力间接选择有关。马尾松生长性状普遍存在自交衰退现象 ,一般配合力小的亲本自交衰退程度有增加的倾向。马尾松不同交配组合间的杂种优势差异巨大 ,正反交杂种优势在总体上大致相似。研究虽然发现一般配合力较高的亲本间杂交在材积增加和干物质积累等性状上会产生强杂种优势的倾向 ,却无明显的规律可寻。以干物质指数作为主要筛选指标 ,初选出 8个优良杂交组合     

Geographic variation and genetic performance of Picea koraiensis in growth and wood characteristics

Eight provenances of 19-year-oldPicea koraiensis Nakai from the provenance trials of Maoershan (45°20′N, 127°30′E), Liangshui (47°10′N, 128°53′E) and Jiagedaqi (50°24′N, 124°07′E) in Northeast China were investigated to analyze the genetic variation in growth characteristics (tree height and diameter) and wood characteristics (tracheid length, tracheid diameter, tracheid wall thickness, annual ring width as well as wood density). Great variation in height growth and breast height diameter growth was observed among the provenances, and along with the increase of tree age, these provenances presented different geographic adaptability. The growth characteristics ofPicea koraiensis stand at age of 10 in Maoershan and Liangshui provenance trials had a positive correlation with longitude, and with increase of tree age to 15 and 19, the tree growth of the provenances displayed a significant positive correlation with latitude as well as altitude. For wood characteristics, great variation was also found among the provenances. There exists a close relation between growth characteristics and wood properties of the provenance. The height and breast height diameter growth of the provenance had a positive correlation with tracheid diameter and annual ring width, and a negative correlation with tracheid wall thickness and wood density. Genetic performance of the provenance in all above characteristics was also investigated in order to provide more useful information for comprehensive selection of this species for pulpwood and plywood production. Foundation item: The paper was supported by National Key Project of The State Forestry Administration. (96-011-01-06) Biography: WANG Qiu-yu (1957-), female, professor in College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Variation pattern of wood properties of naturalCunninghamia lanceolata

In this paper, the variation pattern of wood properties was studied for naturalCunninghamia lanceolata. The mathematical models of property parameters were obtained on tracheid length, microfibril angle, late wood percentage, growth ring width and growth ring density in the radial direction. The interrelation were analyzed between tracheid length and microfibril angle. The result can provide scientific theory basis for wood utilization and early prediction of wood properties.     

火炬松半同胞家系主要经济性状的遗传变异及选择

对1988年营造的火炬松36个半同胞家系测定林的研究结果表明：树高、胸径、材积、木材密度、纤维素含量、管胞长度和宽度等生长和木材性状在家系间有显著的差异，具有较高的遗传力。生长性状和木材性状在一定程度上受遗传因素所控制，树高、胸径、材积间呈正遗传相关关系，木材基本密度、纤维素含量、管胞长度、管胞宽度和材积生长相关关系不显著。据此，利用约束和无约束选择指数，根据纸浆材的要求，进行生长和材性联合选择，评选出82-51、82-89、82-22、82-32、82-5、84-6、82-64、85-32、83-19等9个家系为纸浆材优良家系。     

火炬松不同种源纸浆材材性的变异

1983年火炬松31个种源引种栽培在浙江富阳中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所实验林场,研究表明该批种源间10年生树木生长量和纸浆材材性因子如晚材率、管胞形态特征值(管胞长度、宽度、腔径、壁厚、长宽比、腔径比、壁腔比)、管胞S2层微纤丝角和木材基本密度存在着显著差异,木材主要化学成分中纤维素和木素含量种源间存在着显著差异,而戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量种源间差异不显著.这些材性特征除了木材化学性状因子外,均受中等以上程度遗传控制.木材纤维素、木素、戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量的广义遗传力分别为0.088、0.003、0.340和0.307,其余性状广义遗传力均大于0.50.引种地栽培环境对木材性状有显著影响.种源原产地纬度与树木生长量、管胞宽度、管胞直径和管胞微纤丝角呈负相关,与晚材率、木材密度呈正相关.31个种源树木胸高直径与管胞长宽比、管胞壁腔比、木材密度呈显著负相关,与管胞宽度、管胞直径、管胞腔径比呈正相关.     

Variation in density of Picea sitchensis in relation to within-tree trends in tracheid diameter and wall thickness

The influences of cambial age and ring width on density of Sitkaspruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) were analysed in relationto within-tree trends in tracheid diameter and cell wall thickness.Discs were sampled at breast height from a total of 24 trees,from seven stands at three contrasting sites in Wales, and atbreast height, 30 per cent and 60 per cent total tree heightfrom one of the stands. Across the juvenile wood, ring density decreased with ring numberfrom the pith while radial tracheid diameter increased. Theseoverall trends were considered to be inherent to tree growth,presumably associated with cambial ageing, since they occurredin all trees on all sites. In juvenile wood, density also variedwith site growth rate (as indicated by ring width) at similarcambial age, wider rings being associated with more rapidrateof change in tracheid diameter with ring number and with decreasein tracheid wall thickness. Consequently, on a site having treeswith high growth rate density decreased more rapidly acrossthe juvenile wood, down to a lower minimum value, than on siteswith a slower growth rate. In mature wood, the decrease in densitywith increase in ring width was associated with differencesin both tracheid diameter and wall thickness. Density was slightly(though not significantly) higher at breast height than in comparablerings at 30 per cent total height, associated with significantlythicker tracheid walls at breast height. Changes in radial tracheid diameter (with ring number, or withring width) were associated with greater differences in theearlywood than towards the latewood end of each growth ring,while variations in wall thickness with ring width were associatedwith rate of increase in wall thickness towards the latewoodend. This may account for some previously conflicting reportson influence of silvicultural management on density, for densityis likely to vary with influence of environment on the seasonalcycle of cambial activity. The extent of the juvenile wood as delimited by the inner coreof wide growth rings does not necessarily correspond to theregion of varying tracheid dimensions in Sitka spruce.     

长白落叶松自由授粉家系生长和材性遗传变异及性状相关的研究

本文描述了红皮云杉的最佳播种量的研究。结果表明，其最佳播种为１５ｋｇ／ｍｕ．这不但可以节约种子，而且还可以提高苗木质量。     

Study on tracheid variation ofPicea koraiensis (nakai) in natural stand and plantation

Tracheid characteristics ofPicea koraiensis from natural stand in Liangshui area and plantation in Mao'ershan area were studied. The results of variance analysis showed that the tracheid length, diameter, and thickness of tracheid wall were significant differences between the growth rings. All those characteristics tend to increase from heart-center to bark. In natural stand, it has positive correlation between the characteristics. In plantation, the tracheid length has positive correlation with the trachied diameter, while both the trachied length and the trachied diameter has negative correlation with the thickness of trachied wall. The tracheid length and diameter have no significant difference in growth between natural stand and plantations. The thickness of tracheid wall from the plantation is a little thicker than that from the natural stand before 15 years. Foundation item: This paper was part of State 9th Five-Year Plan project of “Early Mensuration ofPicea koraiensis (nakai)”. Biography: REN Xu-qin (1973-), female, graduate student in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

广西融水特色红心杉木优树材质性状变异规律研究

[目的]通过测定和分析广西融水种源红心杉木优树材质性状指标,以了解该地区红心杉木材性状变异规律。[方法]以广西融水种源60株20年生的红心杉木优树为研究材料,测定单株材积、红心率、基本密度、组织比量、管胞性状、微纤丝角等10个材质性状指标,分析各材性性状指标分布和变异规律及性状间的相关关系。[结果]表明:红心率、基本密度、木射线比量、管胞比量、管胞长、管胞宽、管胞长宽比等性状数据分布服从正态分布。融水两个地区红心杉优树轴向薄壁细胞比量的变异系数分别为35.08%和44.97%,变异较大。管胞比量变异系数分别为3.28%和3.56%,变异较小。红心率、木射线比量、管胞长、管胞宽、微纤丝角等性状差异极显著(P0.01),轴向薄壁细胞比量差异显著(P0.05)。10个材质性状间存在12对表型显著相关。[结论]测定的10个性状均是连续性数量性状。早、晚材的管胞长度、管胞宽度和管胞长宽比等性状数据呈从心材至边材逐渐增加的规律。作为重要经济性状的红心率与木射线比量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),单株材积与轴向薄壁细胞比量呈显著正相关(P0.05),而单株材积与基本密度的相关性不显著,这使红心杉木生长量与材性相结合的遗传改良成为可能。     

Growth variation and early selection ofBetula platyphylla in natural stands

The stem analysis ofBetula platyphylla in natural forest at the Maoershan Forest Experimental Station of Northeast Forestry University, showed that the growth variation of the trees, including height and diameter breast height, decreases with the increase of the age. There is the turning point for the growth variation of the tree from acute change to relative stability when the trees are in eighteen years old. There are significant differences among the height, diameter and volume growth of the trees at that time. Therefore, the optimal age for early selection of this species in natural stands is eighteen years old (18 a). Diameter is used as main index for selection and height growth as auxiliary one. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

VARIATION PATTERN OF WOOD PROPERTIES OF NATURALCUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA

m0DUCYIONCunninghaniahaceolataisoneofmalnusedwoodspeciesinSouthernChina.ItPOs-sessesthecharactenshcsofhighadaPabilityandwideuhlity.WoodscienhstshavedonemorereaearchingworkonthegrOwingcharac-tenshcsandwoodPhysicalPropeniesofPlantedCunninghamiaboceolata,butlessonthewoodPropeniesvanahonpatternofnatUralCunninghtzmiahaceolata.ThewoodpropeniesandtheircorrelahonofCunn~oriahaceolatainnatUralforestwerestudiedinordertoProviderelevamtech-mqueparametersofitsPeffochonanduhliza-tion.nsThunSAunare…