高产抗逆大豆新品种石豆12号的选育

石豆12号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以石豆1号为母本,汾豆63为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2015-2016年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 284.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产6.22%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 229.7 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产4.91%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆12号的主要特点是高产、抗病、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

高油高产大豆新品种石豆14的选育

石豆14是石家庄市农林科学研究院选育的高油高产夏大豆新品种。2016-2017年石豆14参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 312. 0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产7. 7%。2017年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 244. 5 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产5. 4%。2018年通过河北省审定,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

高蛋白高产大豆新品种石豆11号的选育

石豆11号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以化诱446为母本,冀豆4号为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2014-2015年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 093.9 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产2.51%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 108.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产0.87%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆11号的主要特点是高蛋白(45.79%)、高产、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

国审高油高产大豆品种石885的选育

石885是石家庄市农林科学研究院选育的黄淮海夏大豆高油型品种。2015-2016年参加国家黄淮海夏大豆中片品种区域试验,两年平均产量2 976.15 kg·hm^-2,比对照品种邯豆5号增产4.95%。2017年生产试验平均产量3 187.05 kg·hm^-2,比对照邯豆5号增产4.80%。2018年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

国审大豆新品种长农38的选育

长农38是长春市农业科学院以吉农18为母本,九交9895-8为父本,经有性杂交选育而成的大豆新品种。2016-2017年参加国家北方春大豆品种试验区域试验,平均产量3 508.48 kg·hm~(-2),较对照品种(吉育86)平均增产4.4%。2017年参加国家北方春大豆品种生产试验,平均产量3 388.33 kg·hm~(-2),较对照吉育86增产2.3%,位列3个参试品种第一位。2018年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:国审豆20180013。其主要特点是高产、广适、抗逆性强,适宜在吉林省中部、内蒙古东部温和区、土默川及河套平原等地区种植。     

高蛋白春大豆新品种泉豆5号的选育

泉豆5号是泉州市农业科学研究所以中间材料泉系253-1为母本,中间材料泉系97A27~(-2)为父本进行有性杂交育成的春大豆新品种,2013~(-2)014年参加国家热带亚热带春大豆品种区域试验平均产量2 443.5 kg·hm~(-2),比对照品种华春2号增产2.65%。2015年生产试验平均产量2 335.5 kg·hm~(-2),比对照华春2号增产6.0%。2016年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在海南、广东南部、广西北部和中南部、福建、江西南部春播种植。     

超高蛋白夏大豆新品种南夏豆30的选育及栽培技术

南夏豆30是由南充市农业科学院选育的超高蛋白夏大豆新品种。2019年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为川审豆20190003。2016—2017年参加四川省夏大豆晚熟组区域试验,两年平均产量2 153.40 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产29.7%;2018年参加生产试验,平均产量2 109.60 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产6.8%。籽粒粗蛋白质含量50.1%,粗脂肪含量17.5%,属超高蛋白大豆新品种。抗性鉴定结果：中感SC3、感SC7大豆花叶病毒生理小种。2019年参加四川省春玉米套作大豆品种适应性试验,平均产量1 555.80 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产10.4%,增产显著,适宜套作。适宜在四川省平坝、丘陵及类似生态区种植。     

高产广适抗病大豆新品种沧豆09Y1选育

大豆新品种沧豆09Y1是沧州市农林科学院以石豆7631为母本,以石豆4号为父本进行有性杂交,经系谱法选育而成。2019年通过河北省品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:冀审豆20190007)。河北省区试验平均产量3 184.5 kg·hm~(-2),蛋白质含量为40.0%,脂肪含量为20.20%,高抗SC3和SC7。生育期108.5 d,适宜在河北省中南部夏播区域种植。     

套作高蛋白夏大豆新品种南夏豆46的选育及栽培技术

南夏豆46是由南充市农业科学院选育的超高蛋白夏大豆新品种。2022年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为川审豆20223003。2019—2020年参加四川省特殊类型套作大豆自主区域试验,两年平均产量1 451.7 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产3.0%;2021年参加套作大豆生产试验,平均产量1 462.05 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产4.5%。籽粒粗蛋白质含量45.4%,粗脂肪含量16.7%,属高蛋白大豆新品种。抗性鉴定结果：中感SC3、感SC7大豆花叶病毒生理小种。种皮黑色,是四川省第一个通过套作审定的黑皮大豆新品种。2021年参加四川省净作大豆品种展示比较试验,平均产量2 227.5 kg·hm^-2,较对照南夏豆25增产9.2%,增产显著,适宜净作。适宜在四川省平坝、丘陵及类似生态区套作和净作种植。     

高抗高蛋白优质大豆晋遗53号的选育

山西省气候地形多样,选育丰产性好、产量高、适应性强、抗病性强的大豆品种对山西大豆乃至全国大豆产业具有重要意义。晋遗53号是山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所、山西豆冠种业有限公司以晋早16为母本,晋豆15为父本通过系谱法选育的大豆新品种。2016—2017年参加山西省春播中晚熟区和南部夏播区区域试验,平均产量分别为3 079.17和3 325.18公斤/公顷,分别较对照增产6.4%和3.3%,2018年参加山西省春播中晚熟区生产试验,平均产量3 382.00公斤/公顷,较对照增产6.6%,2019年参加山西省南部夏播区生产试验,平均产量2 748.77公斤/公顷,较对照增产9.5%。2020年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号20200003。晋遗53号具有高产、稳定、优质、广适、高抗等特点,适宜在山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、河北、河南、山东等区域种植。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pulque</Emphasis>, An Alcoholic Drink from Rural Mexico,Contains Phytase. Its <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> Effects on Corn Tortilla

Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.