Immune Responses of Chicken Immunized with Marek‘s Disease Vaccines

The experiment was conducted to study the dynamic changes of immune responses of chicks immunized with Marck‘s disease(MD) trivalent vaccine and turkey herpesvirus (HVT)at one day age.Results were found that after immunization of chicks with MD vaccines,the interlcukine-2 (IL-2) inductive activity and IL-2 receptor expression of T cells from thymus and spleen significantly increased.suggesting that the immunoregulative function was markedly enhanced in the immune organs;the number of antibody-producing cells,the number and proliferative function of T cells rose markedly in Bursa Fabricius,Splcen and thymus,indicating that the ccllular and humoral immune responses were elevated remarkablly in the central and peripheral immune organs; the number of T and antibody-producing cells as well as the content of IgG,IgA and IgM obviously mounted in cecal tonsil,Harder ian gland mucosal lymphoid tissucs of bronchus along with tears,trachea washings,bilc and intestinal fluids,demonstrating that the local and mucosal immunity was raised in the respiratory and digestive tract;the levels of immune responses mentioned above in the trivalent vaccine-immuniacd chicks were apparently higher than those of HVT-immunized birds.     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

Technological Study on Instant Date Powder in Natural Ziziphus jujuba through Vacuum Freeze-drying

[Objective] The aim was to get optimized conditions for date powder with good color and taste.[Method] The pectinase enzymolysis and vacuum freeze-drying technology were used in the extract process of date powder.[Result] The production boasts of superior quality were with rich fragrance and uniform particle under certain process conditions.The optimized conditions for pectinase enzymolysis were：the amount of pectinase reached to 0.1% of that of date syrup,enzymolysis temperature and time were 50 ℃ and 50 min respectively,the pH value was 4.0.The optimized conditions for vaccum freeze-drying were：10% altodextrin,three times volumn of water with the thickness of 7 mm.[Conclusion] The optimized conditions were obtained in this study to produce instant date powder from Ziziphus jujuba.     

卫星搭载对紫花苜蓿当代植株生物量的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of space flight factors on plant biomass in the generation of alfalfa carried by the satellite.[Method]Seeds from three lines of alfalfa were carried by the seed-breeding satellite Shijian-8.After the satellite returned to the ground,stem diameter,primary branch number and current-year individual biomass of alfalfa were studied.[Result]After space flight,primary branch number and current-year individual biomass of alfalfa increased significantly,while the stem diameter had no significant change.Using the value over(the mean value of control + three standard deviation)as a criterion to screen,the variants with enlarged stem diameter,increased primary branch number and individual biomass was two,five and twelve respectively.[Conclusion]The obtained variants can be used in the variety improvement of alfalfa and its new variety breeding,but whether its favorable variation can inherit stably to the progenies needs further study.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B47高产拮抗物质菌株的紫外诱变选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B47高产拮抗物质菌株的紫外诱变选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.     

Screening for the Strain Highly Producing Antagonistic Substance from Bacillus subtilis B47 by UV Mutagenesis

[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.     

Immunocytochemical Identification and Localization of Diffuse Neuroendocrine System （DNES） Cells in Gastrointestinal Tract of Channel Catfish （Ictalurus punctatus）

To detect distribution and relative frequency of diffuse neuroendocrine system （DNES） cells in the gastrointestinal tract of channel catfish （lctalurus punctatus）, the intestinal tract of channel catfish was divided into seven portions from proximal to distal： the enlarged area after oesophagus, cardia, fundus, pylorus, and anterior, middle, and posterior intestine. Immunohistochemical method using the strept avidin-biotin-complex （SABC） was employed. All antisera between seven portions of the channel catfish were compared statistically using statistical package for the social science （SPSS）. Five types of DNES ceils were determined： neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive （NPY-IR） cells were demonstrated in both anterior and middle intestine; serotonin （5-HT） immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract; vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP） positive cells were at the highest frequency in pylorus; glucagon-immunoreactive （GLU-IR） cells were moderate in number in the fundus and anterior, middle intestine, and no immunoreactivity was determined in the other portions; somatostatin （SOM） positive cells were more abundant in the anterior and middle intestine. The regional distribution and relative frequency of immunoreactive cells in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, are essentially similar to those of other fish. However, some characteristics are observed in this species, which further proved that the diversity of the physiological function of DNES cells was based on their morphology.     

A Novel Three-Dimensional Mouse Embryonic Implantation Model In Vitro

To regenerate three-dimensional endometrium in vitro as a novel model for studying the mechanism of implantation of embryos, the luminal epithelial cells and stromal cells of the rabbit uterus were separated and cultured in vitro. The type Ⅰ mouse tail collagen was used as scaffolding material. The stromal cells were inoculated in the type I mouse tail collagen, and the luminal epithelial cells were inoculated on the type i mouse tall collagen to regenerate the endometrium in vitro. The regenerated endometrium was cultured in DMEM-F/12 media containing 100 nmol L^-1 progesterone, 10 nM β-estradiol, and 10% fetal bovine serum （FBS） for 3 d. The media were then replaced with CZB containing 100 nM progesterone, 10 nmol L-1 β-estradiol, and 10% FBS, and the mouse blastulas were co-cultured with it. The results of scanning electronic micrography showed that the epithelial cells on the surface of the reconstructed endometrium were covered with numerous slender microvilli and some epithelial cells protruded pinopodes. After culturing for 12 h with the mouse blastula, the shedding, attachment, and implantation of the blastula were observed. The blastula can escape from zona pellucida and attach to the three-dimensional endometrium and is then implanted into it. This study showed that the reconstructed three-dimensional endometrium can serve as a robust embryo implantation model in vitro.     

泥鳅消化道6种内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

1材料与方法 1．1材料泥鳅4尾,雌雄各半,2007年5月购自安徽省芜湖吉合菜市场。置于清水中暂养24h后迅速解剖,按下列消化道各段取材：食道、前肠前段、前肠后段、中肠、后肠前段、直肠。生理盐水洗净,用无冰醋酸的Bouin氏液固定18—24h,常规脱水透明,石蜡包埋,切片5～6μm,贴片,37℃温箱烘干备用。     

泥鳅消化道6种内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

[目的]对泥鳅胃肠道内分泌细胞进行免疫组织化学定位研究。[方法]应用6种胃肠激素抗血清对泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor）消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位。[结果]5-HT-IR细胞分布在泥鳅消化道的食管、前肠和中肠。以前肠前段密度最高,食管和前肠后段其次,中肠最少,分布差异显著;SS—IR和PP—IR细胞相同,主要分布于食管和前肠,食管段最多,前肠后段较少,前肠前段最少,中肠和后肠中未见分布;Gas—IR、Glu—IR和SP—IR3种免疫活性细胞在消化道各段均未分布。[结论]泥鳅消化道内这6种内分泌细胞分布和其他鱼类比较,既显示了鱼类消化道内分泌细胞分布的共性,又显示了一定的种间差异。     

柄袋沙蠋体壁和消化系统乙酰胆碱酯酶免疫组化定位

[目的]定位AChE在柄袋沙蠋（Arenicola brasiliensis）体壁、消化系统各组织器官的分布情况,为AChE在环节动物中的分布提供形态学资料。[方法]采用免疫组织化学S-ABC法进行定位研究。[结果]柄袋沙蠋体表上皮细胞以及吻、食道、食道侧囊、胃、肠道黏膜上皮细胞均呈AChE阳性反应,且阳性反应多集中于上皮细胞的游离端;体壁环肌、纵肌也均呈AChE阳性反应;各部位的结缔组织也有不同程度的AChE分布。[结论]AChE在柄袋沙蠋体壁和消化系统各器官的广泛分布可能与机体的运动、消化和吸收等功能相关。     

紫貂消化道内分泌细胞形态和分布特征

为了解紫貂消化道内分泌细胞的形态、类型和局部分布的特点,选取5只健康成年紫貂,应用免疫组织化学技术链霉卵白素-过氧化物酶法对其消化道内分泌细胞进行检测。结果表明:7种内分泌细胞在紫貂的消化道中均可检出;阳性细胞主要集中在胃腺和肠腺上皮细胞间,以胃黏膜和小肠前段细胞的种类和数量最多,大肠各段仅检测到5-HT-IR细胞,食管无内分泌细胞检出;细胞形态多样,贲门腺区、胃底腺区、回肠、盲肠和直肠的内分泌细胞以圆形和卵圆形为主,幽门腺区、十二指肠、空肠和结肠的内分泌细胞多呈楔形;在所测细胞中,5-HT-IR细胞广泛分布于胃肠道各段,其余6种细胞的分布具有一定的区域性。紫貂消化道的大多数内分泌细胞的分布型符合哺乳动物的一般特征。SS-IR细胞和SP-IR细胞的分布型与以往报道的其他哺乳动物的观察结果差别较大,可能是紫貂消化道内分泌细胞分布型的主要特征。     

褶纹冠蚌消化系统组织学研究

[目的]研究褶纹冠蚌消化系统的组织学结构,探讨其结构与功能的关系。[方法]运用组织学方法对褶纹冠蚌消化系统的结构进行观察。[结果]褶纹冠蚌的消化道由唇瓣、口、食道、胃、肠、直肠和肛门组成。消化道管壁大都有许多皱褶,黏膜上皮主要为纤毛柱状细胞,在唇瓣、食道、胃、肠和直肠还有少量的黏液细胞,纤毛和黏液细胞在食物的运输中起重要作用。消化腺为复管状腺,腺管上皮有消化细胞和嗜碱性细胞2种类型,消化细胞内含许多囊泡和颗粒。[结论]该研究可为褶纹冠蚌的消化生理研究提供理论依据,同时为其摄食、组织病理研究奠定基础。     

斑腿树蛙消化道组织学的初步研究

[目的]研究无尾两栖类的消化道组织。[方法]采用解剖学与组织学方法研究斑腿树蛙的消化道。[结果]结果表明,斑腿树蛙消化道分为口咽腔、食道、胃、十二指肠、回肠和大肠。消化道管壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层构成。食道为复层柱状纤毛上皮,胃和肠都为单层柱状上皮。胃和十二指肠的黏膜皱褶最丰富。食道腺为复泡状腺,胃腺属于单管状腺。具有十二指肠腺,回肠和大肠无多细胞腺体。杯状细胞存在于食道、十二指肠、回肠和大肠中,但食道、十二指肠中较少,回肠和大肠中较为丰富。[结论]斑腿树蛙肌层均为平滑肌,内层环肌较厚,外侧纵肌较薄。     

黑鲷消化道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位

应用免疫组织化学方法研究了黑鲷消化道几种内分泌细胞的分布.结果表明:5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫阳性细胞分布于食管、胃贲门部、胃体部和胃幽门部,分布特点是,从食管至胃幽门部逐渐增多,胃幽门部分布最为密集,而肠道各段均未发现;生长抑素(Som)免疫阳性细胞在胃贲门部和胃体部分布数量较多,胃幽门部较少,食管最少,而肠道各段均未检出;胃泌素(Gas)免疫阳性细胞分布于胃幽门部和前肠、中肠,后肠偶见,食管、胃贲门部和胃体部未检出;胰高血糖素(G lu)免疫阳性细胞仅少量分布于前肠和中肠,食管、胃的各部和后肠均未检出;胰多肽(PP)免疫阳性细胞在消化道各段均未发现.根据形态学特征,黑鲷消化道内分泌细胞与其他鱼类一样,分为2种类型,即开放型和闭合型.     

4种鲤形目鱼类消化系统的比较研究

[目的]初步了解鱼类消化系统形态结构与食性的关系。[方法]以4种鲤形目鱼类为材料,对其消化系统进行了解剖与比较分析。[结果]鲢鱼的消化道最长,是体长的4.084倍,而黄颡鱼的消化道最短,是体长的0.850倍。[结论]不同鲤形目鱼类消化道的形态上存在很大的差异,消化系统各部分特点与食性及食物种类相适应的。     

神经干细胞和神经细胞的拉曼光谱研究

[目的]从光谱学角度分析神经干细胞（NSCs）与神经细胞（NCs）的光谱区别,为临床应用提供一定的试验参考依据。[方法]通过体外培养NSCs和NCs,应用激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪测定2种细胞的拉曼光谱。[结果]NSCs与NCs的拉曼特征峰主要出现在600～1800 cm-1的波数范围和2850～3 000 cm-1波数范围内,拉曼光谱的峰位和相对峰强存在一定差异。NSCs的拉曼峰646、2917 cm-1与NCs的拉曼峰652、2908 cm-1处存在较大差异。NCs核中B型DNA胸腺嘧啶和酪氨酸含量相对更丰富。NSCs核中具有NO2成分,而NCs核中NO2较少或没有。NSCs与NCs核内部酰胺Ⅲ、C-H键、类胡萝卜素、C-H键、CH2键、CH3基团的结构不发生明显变化。NSCs较NCs的DNA、酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、腺嘌呤、苯基丙氨酸、胡萝卜素、酰胺Ⅲ等含量更丰富,其中以胡萝卜素和酰胺Ⅲ的相对含量最高。[结论]从光谱学角度研究NSCs与NCs,是一种新的干细胞研究方法。     

温度和pH值对泥鳅存活和摄饵的影响

[目的]为泥鳅的人工养殖提供理论数据。[方法]通过室内饲养试验,测定不同温度（15、20、25、30℃）及不同pH值（5、6、7、8、9）下泥鳅的存活率及摄饵量。[结果]随着温度的升高,泥鳅的存活率及摄饵量均表现为先增高后降低的趋势;随着pH值的升高,泥鳅的存活率及摄饵量的变化均也表现为先增高后降低的趋势。[结论]泥鳅生长的最佳温度为26～28℃,最佳pH值为6.6～7.2。