日粮中添加葡萄皮渣对绵羊生长性能、器官指数及血液生化指标的影响

本研究在绵羊日粮中添加一定量的葡萄皮渣,旨在研究其对绵羊生长性能、器官指数及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取24只5月龄、体重25 kg左右的杜泊羊×小尾寒羊杂交公羊,采用完全随机设计分为4组,每组6只,分别饲喂不同葡萄皮渣添加水平（0、5%、10%、20%）日粮。结果表明,10%添加组日增重（ADG）显著高于0、5%添加组（P<0.05）;10%添加组肝脏及肾脏重量显著高于0、5%添加组（P<0.05）;10%和20%添加组的大肠重量显著高于其他两组（P<0.05）;添加葡萄皮渣能极显著增加皱胃重量（P<0.01）。适量添加葡萄皮渣能显著提高绵羊血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,其中以10%添加水平最高（P<0.05）;谷丙转氨酶（ALT）与谷草转氨酶（AST）变化趋势相同,均以5%添加组最低,显著低于0、20%添加组（P<0.05）;与未添加组相比,5%添加组绵羊血清肌酐（CRE）含量显著降低（P<0.05）,而总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）明显提高（P<0.05）;过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性以20%添加组最高,显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。由以上结果可知,日粮中添加一定量的葡萄皮渣可提高绵羊日增重,促进肝脏、肾脏及消化器官的发育,增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,提高血清抗氧化水平。综合各个指标,葡萄皮渣添加量以10%为宜。     

沙棘果渣对育肥羔羊生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标和肌内脂肪酸组分的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加沙棘果渣对育肥羔羊生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标和肌内脂肪酸组分的影响。选取24只3月龄杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交公羔[(25±1)kg],随机分为4组,每组6只羊。各组分别饲喂含有0(对照)、10%、20%和30%沙棘果渣的试验饲粮。试验期50 d。结果表明:1)10%和20%水平组羔羊的宰前活重显著高于对照组和30%水平组(P0.05),10%水平组羔羊的平均日增重显著高于其他各组(P0.05),20%水平组羔羊的平均日采食量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),10%水平组羔羊的料重比显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。2)30%水平组羔羊的肝脏、脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P0.05),网胃指数显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。10%、20%和30%水平组羔羊的大肠和小肠指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)30%水平组羔羊的血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),10%、20%和30%水平组羔羊的动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)显著低于对照组(P0.05),10%、20%和30%水平组羔羊的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),30%水平组羔羊的血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及肌酐(CRE)和尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。4)10%、20%和30%水平组羔羊的背最长肌中亚油酸、反油酸、花生四烯酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸(ΣMUFA)和总不饱和脂肪酸(ΣUFA)比例显著高于对照组(P0.05),油酸、总饱和脂肪酸(ΣSFA)和总单不饱和脂肪酸(ΣPUFA)比例显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,育肥羔羊饲粮中添加沙棘果渣有利于其生长发育和生长性能的提高,适宜添加水平为10%~20%。     

葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响

本试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选择60只3月龄左右杜寒F₁代公羔进行试验,测定不同水平葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响。本试验设4个饲粮处理组,每个处理15个重复,每个重复一只羊,Ⅰ为基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理组为饲粮中分别含有8%,16%和24%的葡萄渣,缩合单宁(condensed tannins,CT)含量分别为0,1.5,3.0和4.5 g/kg。结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组羔羊日采食量、日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和胴体脂肪含量都显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),N表观存留率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),但Ⅰ组羔羊的酸性洗涤纤维和N表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组羔羊的饲料转化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),净肉率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。随着CT含量的增加,羔羊的N、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率逐渐降低,N的表观存留率逐渐升高,综合考虑羔羊日增重、饲料转化率、屠宰性能和养分利用率等指标,饲粮中葡萄渣以8%~16%为宜。     

Effects of Different Types of N-carbamylglutamate on the Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Fat Distribution of Tan Sheep

The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effect of different types of N-carbamoylglutamate on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and fat distribution of Tan sheep. Sixty male Tan lambs with average weight of (20.14±0.31)kg and similar age were randomly assigned three groups with five replications per group and 4 lambs per replication. The lambs in control group were fed basal diet, while lambs in test groups were fed diets containing 0.1% NCG and 0.1% RP-NCG,respectively. The results showed that:① Comparing with control group,the ADG was significantly improved (P<0.05) and F/G was significantly decreased (P<0.05) when 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG were supplemented,while there was no significant difference between two experimental groups (P>0.05).② Dietary supplemented with 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in serum total protein,creatinine content and creatine kinase activity (P>0.05).③ The ration of meat weight to carcass weight of two experimental groups was significantly improved (P<0.05).As 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG were supplemented in the diets, the content of subcutaneous fat and GR value were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplemented with 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG could improve the growth performance and slaughter performance while there was no significant difference between NCG and RP-NCG.     

葡萄籽原花青素对高精料育肥羔羊免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对高精料育肥羔羊免疫功能的影响。试验选取48只4月龄、体重[(22.75±1.20)kg]相近的杜寒杂交一代公羔羊,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、10(10GSPs组)、20(20GSPs组)、40 mg/(kg BW·d)(40GSPs组)的GSPs。预试期15 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)正试期第30天,20GSPs和40GSPs组外周血中CD4^+T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^+T细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。正试期第45天,20GSPs和40GSPs组外周血中CD8^+T细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CD4^+T细胞比例及CD4^+/CD8^+比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)随着GSPs添加水平的增加,外周血淋巴细胞转化率线性升高(P<0.05),淋巴细胞凋亡率线性降低(P<0.05)。20GSPs和40GSPs组的外周血淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),淋巴细胞凋亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)随着GSPs添加水平的增加,血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量有线性升高的趋势(P=0.057),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量有线性降低的趋势(P=0.074),但各组间血清IL-2、IL-6含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。20GSPs和40GSPs组血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着GSPs添加水平的增加,血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量线性增加(P<0.05);20GSPs组血清IgG含量显著高于10GSPs和对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,高精料饲粮条件下添加适量的GSPs可以改善羔羊的免疫功能,本试验条件下GSPs的适宜添加水平为20 mg/(kg BW·d)。     

日粮中添加不同水平紫苏籽对湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平紫苏籽(Perilla frutescens seed,PFS)对湖羊生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取2月龄、平均初始体重为(23.02±1.36) kg的湖羊公羔60只,依据日粮中PFS含量随机分成为:对照组(Control)、5%紫苏籽组(5%PFS)、10%紫苏籽组(10%PFS)和15%紫苏籽组(15%PFS)。预试期14 d,正试期70 d。饲喂试验结束前21 d,从各组随机挑选4只羊进行7 d的消化代谢试验。试验结束后称重,计算平均日增重(ADG),并采集瘤胃液和血液分别用气相色谱法、比色法、全自动生化分析仪和酶联免疫分析法测定瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、氨态氮(NH₃-N)、血清中总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(UN)、葡萄糖(Glu)和血清中生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)等。结果表明,日粮中PFS水平对湖羊生长性能(干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重比)、血清生化指标(TP、UN、Glu、GH和IGF-1)、瘤胃pH和瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)等含量的影响不显著(P>0.05),但随着PFS添加水平的升高,乙酸、丁酸和TVFA的含量呈降低趋势,丙酸呈上升趋势;与对照组相比,15% PFS组中NH₃-N和乙酸/丙酸极显著降低(P<0.01);添加PFS不影响日粮中粗脂肪(EE)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率(P>0.05),但干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率随着PFS添加水平升高而下降,且15% PFS 组的DM和OM的表观消化率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);与对照组相比,10% PFS组的粗蛋白(CP)表观消化率极显著提高(P<0.01),而15% PFS组的极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,湖羊日粮中添加PFS水平为10%时,饲喂效果较好。     

酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶羔羊生产性能和采食行为的影响

选用体重和出生日期相近的甘肃肉用绵羊新品种选育群初生羔羊50只(其中公羔30只、母羊20只),按同质原则分为5组(每组公羔6只、母羔4只),在15～91日龄分别饲喂酵母β-葡聚糖添加量为0.00,37.50,75.00,112.50和150.00 mg/kg的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加酵母β-葡聚糖对28日龄早期断奶羔羊生产性能和采食行为的影响。结果表明,37.50,75.00和112.50 mg/kg的添加量均显著提高了试验全期羔羊的末重和平均日增重(P<0.05);150 mg/kg的添加量提高了15~28日龄羔羊的平均日增重(P=0.088);112.50 mg/kg的添加量提高了29～42日龄和43~56日龄羔羊的末重和平均日增重(P<0.01),降低了43~56日龄羔羊的料肉比(P<0.01); 37.50和75.00 mg/kg的添加量提高了57～70日龄和71~91日龄羔羊平均日增重(P<0.01),降低了料肉比(P<0.01)。112.50 mg/kg的添加量增加了55~56日龄羔羊的反刍次数(P<0.05)和90~91日龄羔羊的反刍时间(P<0.01)。75.00 mg/kg添加量增加了55~56日龄和90~91日龄羔羊的反刍时间(P<0.01),增加了55~56日龄羔羊的反刍次数(P<0.05)。37.50,75.00,112.50和150.00 mg/kg的添加量分别增加纯收入81.33,94.71,85.10和24.17元/只。综合各项指标,以75.00 mg/kg的添加量较为适宜。     

不同精粗比日粮对杜泊绵羊生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

为探讨不同精粗比日粮对不同生理阶段杜泊绵羊生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响,本研究进行了2个试验。试验Ⅰ:选用体重20~35 kg断奶杜泊羔羊40只(公、母各半),随机分成4组,每组10只,分别饲喂精粗比为40:60 (A组)、50:50 (B组)、60:40 (C组)、70:30 (D组)的日粮,试验期70 d;试验Ⅱ:选用体重30~45 kg生长期杜泊羊40只(公、母各半),随机分成4组,每组10只,分别饲喂精粗比为35:65 (E组)、45:55 (F组)、55:45 (G组)、65:35 (H组)的日粮,试验期70 d。结果显示,试验Ⅰ:①随日粮精料比的增加,断奶杜泊公羊的平均日增重呈现增加趋势,而母羊为先增加后降低,总体A组显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),B、C、D组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);随日粮精粗比的增加,各组平均日采食量逐渐降低且差异显著(P<0.05),各组公羊料重比显著降低(P<0.05),而B组母羊料重比显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。②各组试验羊血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯、血糖含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),而日粮精粗比对其他血清成分有不同的影响。③D组公羊平均日净利润比B、C组分别高53.02%、35.33%,B组母羊平均日净利润比C、D组分别高61.76%、54.49%。试验Ⅱ:①随日粮精料比的增加,生长期杜泊绵羊平均日增重基本呈现显著增加趋势(P<0.05),而G组母羊平均日增重最高且显著高于E组(P<0.05),F、G、H组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。随日粮精粗比的增加,各组平均日采食量逐渐降低(P<0.05),公羊的料重比逐渐降低(P<0.05),而母羊料重比呈现先降低后增加趋势,G组显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。②日粮精粗比对各组试验羊血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯、血糖含量影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),而对其他血清成分有不同的影响。③H组公羊平均日净利润比F、G组分别高69.49%、52.13%,G组母羊平均日净利润比F组高1 282.61%。综合各项指标分析,断奶杜泊公羔羊日粮精粗比以60:40较好,断奶杜泊母羔羊精粗比以50:50较好,断奶羔羊混群饲养,日粮精粗比为50:50较宜;生长期杜泊绵羊日粮精粗比均为55:45较适宜。     

Effect of Different Dietary Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Economic Benefits of Dorper Sheep

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary concentrate to forage ratios (C/F) on the growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Dorper sheep.TestⅠ:40 weaned lambs with the 20 to 35 kg body weight were divided into 4 groups with 10 sheep in each group and provided 4 different C/F diets:group A (40:60),group B (50:50),group C (60:40),group D (70:30) and the experiment lasted for 70 d;TestⅡ:40 growing sheep with the 30 to 45 kg body weight were divided into 4 groups with 10 sheep in each group and provided 4 different C/F diets:group E (35:65),group F (45:55),group G (55:45),group H (65:35) and the experiment lasted for 70 d.The results showed as follows:In the testⅠ:①With the increase of C/F,the ADG of rams increased,but that of ewes was increased initially and then decreased,the ADG of group A in male and female were significantly lower than other three groups (P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in group B,C and D (P>0.05);ADFI of male and female were reduced significantly (P<0.05);F/G was decreased significantly of ram (P<0.05),while that of group B was significantly lower than the other three groups of ewe (P<0.05).②There were no significant differences of TP,TG and Glu in 4 groups (P>0.05),but C/F had different effects on other serum components.③The average net profit in group D of rams was 53.03% higher than group B,and 35.33% higher than group C,while that in group B of ewes was 61.76% higher than group C,and 54.49% higher than group D.In the testⅡ:①With the increasing of the C/F,the ADG of the growing rams was increased gradually,but group G of ewe was significantly higher than group E (P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in group F,G and H (P>0.05).ADFI of male and female was reduced significantly (P<0.05);F/G was decreased significantly of ram (P<0.05),while that of ewes was decreased initially and then increased,group G was significantly lower than the other three groups (P<0.05).②There were no significant differences in TP,TG and Glu in 4 groups (P>0.05),but C/F had different effects on other serum components.③The average net profit in group H of ram was 69.49% higher than group F and 52.13% higher than group G.While that in group G of ewe was 1 282.61% higher than group F.Under the conditions of this experiment,the appropriate C/F was 60:40 to weaned male lambs,while 50:50 to weaned female lambs,and the appropriate C/F was 50:50 if they were mixed fed.TestⅡ showed that the appropriate C/F was 55:45 to both male and female growing sheep.     

Effects of different dietary inclusion levels of macadamia oil cake on growth performance and carcass characteristics in South African mutton merino lambs

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of South African mutton merino fed graded levels of macadamia oil cake were assessed. A total of 60 South African mutton merino lambs were used in the experiment (initial live weight 25.0?±?0.45 kg). Five diets with different inclusion levels of macadamia oil cake (MOC) were formulated: T1 (0% MOC, control), T2 (5% MOC), T3 (10% MOC), T4 (15% MOC) and T5 (20% MOC). Effects of inclusion level of MOC on average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not significant (P?>?0.05). Effects of inclusion levels of MOC on feed conversion ratio (FCR) of sheep were significant (P?<?0.05). Highest proportion (71.2%) of sheep in the study had a carcass fat classification of 2, followed by a proportion of 17.3% sheep with a carcass fat classification of 3 and lastly 11.5% sheep had carcass fat classification of 4. Warm and cold carcass mass, chest circumference, carcass length and dressing percentage were higher in sheep fed on 5% MOC compared to other treatment diets (0, 10, 15 and 20% MOC) (P?<?0.05). Fat rib eye had a greater area in sheep fed on 5% MOC (P?<?0.05). It was concluded that 5% MOC provided the best results in terms of carcass characteristic measurements in sheep.     

Effects of Weaning Age on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism of Hu Sheep Lambs and Serum Hormone Contents of Ewes北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对湖羊羔羊的生长性能、消化代谢及母羊血清激素含量的影响,以期为补饲代乳料条件下,湖羊羔羊早期断奶的可行性提供依据,并确定最佳断奶时间。选取出生日期相差不超过3 d、体况良好、健康无疾病的羔羊90只,将羔羊随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。7日龄开始饲喂代乳料的情况下,分别于25日龄(试验Ⅰ组)、35日龄(试验Ⅱ组)、45日龄(对照组)断奶,试验期90 d。结果表明:1)在16~45日龄,试验Ⅰ组羔羊由于断奶应激,导致羔羊采食量减少,平均日增重低于试验Ⅱ组,且在31~45日龄,平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组平均日采食量分别比试验Ⅱ组高出5.09%(P<0.05),比对照组高出7.50%(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著低于试验Ⅱ组与对照组(P<0.05),试验组湖羊羔羊的氮摄入量、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值指标与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。3)断奶当天,试验Ⅰ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.01),且试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.01);90日龄,试验Ⅱ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);断奶当天,试验Ⅱ组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)60日龄,试验Ⅱ组血清雌二醇(E2)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而30日龄,试验Ⅰ组血清促乳素(PRL)含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.01)。5)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组与对照组的羔羊成活率分别为76.67%、86.67%、90.00%。经综合评定,湖羊羔羊35日龄断奶是可行的。     

甜高粱饲草及葡萄籽对小尾寒羊生产性能及血液生理参数的影响

通过测定不同类型甜高粱饲草与葡萄籽饲喂小尾寒羊的生产性能和血常规,为甜高粱饲草和葡萄籽安全高效的饲喂绵羊提供理论依据。试验选取甘肃省定西市的小尾寒羊28只(17.30±1.20) kg,随机分为4组,分别为:饲喂甜高粱青贮+精补料(SN组)、甜高粱青贮+6%葡萄籽精补料(SY组)、甜高粱干草+精补料(DN组)、甜高粱干草+6%葡萄籽精补料(DY组)。分别在饲养试验的第1、30、60和100天晨饲前称重;第20、50和100天晨饲前采集血液,测定血常规。结果表明:甜高粱饲草与葡萄籽的添加对小尾寒羊平均干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重比影响不显著(P>0.05),但SY组比DN组平均日增重增加30%以上,终体重增加15.4%。葡萄籽的添加对小尾寒羊血液生理参数影响不显著(P>0.05)。甜高粱青贮组(SN+SY)小尾寒羊红细胞数目(RBC)和红细胞压积(HCT)显著高于甜高粱干草组(DN+DY)(P<0.05)。甜高粱青贮组(SN+SY)平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)极显著低于甜高粱干草组(DN+DY)(P<0.01)。试验第20和100天甜高粱青贮组(SN+SY)小尾寒羊血小板数目(PLT)显著低于甜高粱干草组(DN+DY)(P<0.05)。试验动物血液生理参数均在安全生产范围内,但饲喂甜高粱青贮对小尾寒羊红细胞和血小板相关指标更有利,且甜高粱青贮和葡萄籽结合饲喂对小尾寒羊生长性能有改善的潜力。     

Effects of Different Dietary Cotton by-products Levels on Production Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Sheep

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary cotton by-products levels on production performance,nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes of sheep.30 healthy sheep were chosen and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 sheep per group. The feed of each group was that 50% formula concentrate feed was mixed with 50% wheat straw (control group),25% wheat straw and 25% cotton stalk (group Ⅰ),50% cotton stalk (group Ⅱ),45% cotton stalk and 5% cotton seed (group Ⅲ),and 40% cotton stalk and 10% cotton seed(group Ⅳ), respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 d. The result showed that:① The total weight gain and ADG of sheep showed a decreased with the increase of cotton stalk added proportion in the diets, and the total weight gain and ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than group Ⅲ (P<0.05).② The concentration of NH₃-N was increased or decreased at different levels after adding different proportions of cotton by-products,and the TVFA and propionic acid concentration were not significantly affected (P>0.05).③ There was no significant difference of intake nitrogen, fecal nutrogen and uninary nitrogen among groups (P>0.05),but apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF showed a downward trend with the increase of cotton by-products added proportion in the diets,which were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01).④ There were no significant differences among groups of the blood white cell count,red cell count,hemoglobin concentration,total protein,albumin,globulin,serum iron,sodium,chlorine and potassium content (P>0.05),but serum magnesium was significantly increased with increases of gossypol content in the diets (P<0.05). In conclusion,when the cotton by-products addition level in diets reaches 50% caused the free gossypol concentration in the feed more than 300 mg/kg, it would has certain negative effects on the production performance and health of sheep,and the cotton stalks add ratio in the diet should be controlled in the range of lower than 25%.     

妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平对产后羔羊生长性能、器官发育和血清抗氧旨标的影响

本试验在干物质采食量一致条件下,改变精料补充料与饲草比例调控妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平,旨在研究其对产后羔羊生长性能、器官发育和血清抗氧化指标的影响.选用健康、年龄[(11.0±1.0)月龄]和体重[(44.43±2.20) kg]相近、妊娠90 d的怀双羔初产湖羊母羊66只,分为3组,每组22只.以干物质为基础按照精料补充料与饲草比例分别为5∶5(5∶5组)、4∶6(4∶6组)和3∶7(3∶7组)饲喂至产羔,产羔后各组母羊饲喂相同的全混合日粮,自由采食.出生10、60 d屠宰羔羊测定各组织器官重量,出生20、60 d采集羔羊血清测定血清抗氧化指标.结果表明:1)妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平对羔羊初生重、哺乳期(出生0～60 d)羔羊体重均无显著影响(P>0.05),但随营养水平降低,羔羊初生重有降低趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),出生40和50 d体重有增加趋势(0.05≤P<0.10).2)出生0d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊的胸深极显著提高(P<0.01),体斜长显著降低(P<0.05);出生60 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊的胸深、曲冠臀长显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01).3)出生10 d,羔羊的肝脏、肺脏的重量随妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05);出生60 d,各组羔羊的组织器官重量差异不显著(P>0.05).4)出生20和60 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)含量显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01).妊娠后期通过精料补充料与饲草比例调控母羊饲粮营养水平时发现,低营养水平(低精料补充料比例)能够降低羔羊初生重,但经补偿生长作用,羔羊血清抗氧化能力得到提高,生长性能也得到恢复.     

饲养方式对滩羊羔羊肌肉及脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

为探究饲养方式对滩羊羔羊肌肉和脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响,试验选择24只健康且体重相近（14.16 kg±0.58 kg）的2月龄滩羊羔羊随机分成舍饲组和放牧组,每组12只,于4月龄屠宰取其背最长肌、股二头肌、膈肌、皮下脂肪、肾周脂肪、尾部脂肪,用气相色谱仪测定脂肪酸含量。结果表明：①在肌肉组织饱和脂肪酸中,与放牧组相比,舍饲组滩羊羔羊股二头肌丁酸、棕榈酸含量显著提高（P<0.05）,膈肌辛酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）。在肌肉组织不饱和脂肪酸中,与放牧组比较,舍饲组滩羊羔羊背最长肌棕榈油酸、花生四烯酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸含量显著提高（P<0.05）,二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）极显著提高（P<0.01）;股二头肌花生四烯酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,十七碳一烯酸、α-亚麻酸、EPA、n-3 PUFA含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;膈肌棕榈油酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）。②在脂肪组织饱和脂肪酸中,与放牧组比较,舍饲滩羊羔羊皮下脂肪十一碳酸、十五碳酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,十三碳酸含量极显著降低（P<0.01）;肾周脂肪葵酸、肉豆蔻酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,丁酸、硬脂酸含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;尾脂十一碳酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）。在脂肪组织不饱和脂肪酸中,与放牧组比较,舍饲滩羊羔羊皮下脂肪十八碳二烯酸含量极显著提高（P<0.01）,肉豆蔻油酸、棕榈油酸、γ-亚麻酸含量极显著降低（P<0.01）;肾周脂肪十八碳一烯酸、α-亚麻酸、n-3PUFA含量显著提高（P<0.05）,肉豆蔻油酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,十七碳一烯酸、二十碳二烯酸、十八碳二烯酸含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;尾脂肉豆蔻油酸、棕榈油酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,十八碳二烯酸含量极显著提高（P<0.01）。综上,不同饲养方式对滩羊羔羊肌肉和脂肪组织脂肪酸含量存在一定影响,舍饲滩羊羔羊股二头肌中饱和脂肪酸含量及肾周脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于放牧滩羊羔羊。     

饲粮添加亚麻油和亚麻籽对绒山羊羔羊屠宰性能、器官生长发育及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究舍饲条件下饲粮添加亚麻油和亚麻籽对绒山羊羔羊屠宰性能、器官生长发育及肉品质的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择体重为(18.60±0.10)kg的60只4月龄阿尔巴斯断奶羯羔,随机分为对照组(CON组)、亚麻油组(LSO组)和亚麻籽组(HLS组)3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只羊。在育肥前期(1~30 d)、中期(31~60 d)和后期(61~90 d),CON组饲喂基础饲粮,LSO组分别饲喂添加2.0%、2.0%和2.5%亚麻油的试验饲粮,HLS组分别饲喂添加5.5%、5.5%和7.0%热处理亚麻籽(120℃翻炒10 min)的试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)LSO组羔羊的胴体重、屠宰率、肾脂重、尾脂重和脂肪组织重显著高于HLS组(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,LSO组羔羊的蹄、毛皮和头+蹄+毛皮+血液重显著增加(P<0.05),而HLS组显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组和HLS组相比,LSO组羔羊的心脏、肾脏和内脏器官重显著增加(P<0.05),肺脏和胰脏指数显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LSO组和HLS组羔羊的网胃重显著降低(P<0.05),HLS组羔羊的瓣胃重显著降低(P<0.05)。3)HLS组羔羊背最长肌的蒸煮损失和红度值显著高于LSO组(P<0.05),亮度值显著低于LSO组(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LSO组羔羊背最长肌的黄度值显著增加(P<0.05),而HLS组显著降低(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LSO组和HLS组羔羊的臂三头肌干物质、背最长肌粗蛋白质含量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加亚麻油降低了绒山羊羔羊外部组织器官、内脏器官和消化道占体重的比例,屠宰性能较好,脂肪沉积也有所增加;饲粮添加亚麻籽的羔羊肉色和肌肉营养价值优于饲粮添加亚麻油的羔羊。     

不同形态N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标和脂肪分配的影响

试验旨在比较N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）和瘤胃保护型NCG（RP-NCG）对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标和脂肪分配的影响。选取日龄相近、体重为（20.14±0.31）kg公滩羔羊60只,随机分为3组：对照组、0.1% NCG处理组和0.1% RP-NCG处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只羔羊。对照组不添加NCG,0.1% NCG组添加0.1% NCG,0.1% RP-NCG组添加0.1% RP-NCG。试验期80 d。结果显示：①与对照组相比,日粮中添加NCG和RP-NCG能够显著提高滩羊平均日增重并降低料重比（P<0.05）,但两试验组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;②日粮中添加NCG和RP-NCG,显著降低了血清尿素氮含量（P<0.05）,但对血清总蛋白、肌酐和肌酸激酶的活性影响不显著（P>0.05）;③与对照组相比,添加NCG和RP-NCG使滩羊净肉重/胴体重显著提高（P<0.05）,皮下脂肪和GR值显著下降（P<0.05）,两试验组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验组肌内脂肪（IMF）含量显著升高（P<0.05）。综上所述,日粮添加0.1% NCG或0.1% RP-NCG可提高舍饲滩羊生长性能,并能改善滩羊脂肪分配。与RP-NCG相比,NCG对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标及脂肪分配无显著影响。     

不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响

为研究饲粮中添加不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响,选取体重［（50.81±1.53） kg］、胎次（第3胎）、产奶量［（2.15±0.05） kg·d^-1］、泌乳日期［（125.00±2.51） d］相近或一致的健康关中奶山羊50只,随机分成5组,每组10只羊,每只羊为1个重复。各组苹果渣添加比例分别为0（对照）、9%、18%、27%和36%。试验预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明：18%和27%组的产奶量和4%校正乳产量均极显著高于0（对照）、9%、36%组（P<0.01）;各组干物质采食量无显著性差异（P>0.05）;各组间乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率无显著性差异（P>0.05）;18%组粗蛋白表观消化率显著高于0（对照）、9%组（P<0.05）,18%组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于0（对照）、27%和36%（P<0.05）;各组间血清总蛋白、血清葡萄糖、血清甘油三酯、血清尿素氮无显著性差异（P>0.05）;瘤胃液pH值随着苹果渣添加比例的增加而降低,9%、18%、27%、36%组的瘤胃液pH值均显著低于对照（P<0.05）。由此可见,饲粮中添加适量苹果渣可以提高关中奶山羊的产奶量,4%校正乳产量,粗蛋白与中性洗涤纤维表观消化率等指标,降低瘤胃液pH值,改善羊乳品质和血清生化指标,苹果渣作为一种新型饲料资源可以开发利用,且在本试验中,饲粮中苹果渣的添加水平为18%时效果最佳。     

Effects of Ca salt supplementation on milk yield and composition and on lamb growth rate of Awassi ewes

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a Ca salt supplement on lactating Awassi ewes and their lambs. Ninety Awassi ewes (average BW = 55 kg ± 1.13) were allocated into three treatment groups of 30 each; 0%, 3%, or 5% Ca salt supplemented groups. The experiment started at lambing and lasted for 60 d. During this period, milk production and composition, final body weights, total feed intake, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, weaning weights of lambs, and milk fatty acid profile were tested. Milk production and energy corrected milk increased (P < 0.05) with Ca salt level in the diet. Milk fat content was higher (P < 0.05) at 3% treatment group compared to 0% and 5% treatment groups. However, no differences were detected in content of crude protein and total solids, and milk energy value. Milk fat yield (g/d) increased (P < 0.05) as Ca salt in the diet increased. Final body weight was higher (P < 0.05) for 5% group when compared to the 0% group with no differences between the 3% group when compared to 0% and 5% groups. No differences were observed in feed intake of ewes. Metabolizable energy intake was greater (P < 0.05) for the 3% and the 5% treatment groups when compared to the 0% treatment group. Feed to milk ratio increased (P < 0.05) when increasing the level of Ca salt in the diet. Serum cholesterol was greater (P < 0.05) in the 5% treatment group than the 0% and 3% treatment groups for ewes and lambs. Serum triglyceride was similar among treatment groups in ewes whereas serum triglyceride was greater (P < 0.05) for lambs in 5% treatment group than 0% and 3% treatment groups. However, serum triglyceride was similar in ewes among treatment groups. Weaning weights and average daily gain of male lambs were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed Ca salt (3% and 5%) when compared to 0% treatment group. No differences were detected in weaning weights and average daily gain of female lambs among treatment groups. However, milk conversion ratio was better (P < 0.05) for the 5% group lambs than the 0% and 3% treatment groups. Ca salt reduced (P < 0.05) short and medium-chain milk fatty acids and increased (P < 0.05) content of long chain and unsaturated ones. These results of this indicate that Ca salt supplementation can improve milk production of lactating ewes, the growth rate of their lambs, and produce healthy quality value milk.     

Effects of Tomato Pomaceon on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Economic Benefit of Finishing Pigs

This study was aimed to study the effects of tomato pomace on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and economic benefit of finishing pigs.80 Doroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig crossbreeding finishing pigs with (95.20±3.95) kg body weight were chosen and divided into four groups with four repeats per groups and 5 pigs per repeat. The pigs in control group were fed with basal diet,others in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed basal diet with 100,200 and 300 g/d tomato pomace supplementation,respectively. The test lasted for 37 d.The results showed that compared with control group,the ADG and ADFI of group Ⅰ were increased by 8.93% and 18.81%(P<0.01),respectively,while the F/G of group Ⅰ was decreased by 11.03% than control group (P<0.05).The nutrient apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude ash in groupⅡ were increased by 5.66% (P<0.05) and 14.81% (P<0.01),respectively. The crude fiber apparent digestibility of groups Ⅱand Ⅲ were significantly reduced by 9.25% and 11.88% (P<0.01),while the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat had no significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05).The SOD activity of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased by 40.99% and 36.54% (P<0.01),respectively,and the MDA concent in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the serum T-AOC and GSH activity had no significant difference among the four groups (P>0.05).The weight gain income of group Ⅰ was 586.26 yuan/head,increased by 48.06,52.20 and 52.92 yuan than control group,groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,respectively. The profit of groupⅠ was the highest (466.90 yuan).In conclusion,tomato pomace supplementation could improve growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,antioxidant capacity and the economic benefit,but the content should be controlled.