兰州市宠物诊疗行业医疗废弃物处置现状调查及管理对策

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,宠物饲养日益增多,促进宠物诊疗行业的快速发展。宠物诊疗活动产生的医疗废物作为一种新兴污染源,往往被人们所忽视。为了解兰州市宠物诊疗废弃物管理现状,推动《中华人们共和国动物防疫法》《动物诊疗机构管理办法》等有关法律法规在动物诊疗行业的贯彻落实,防范由于宠物诊疗废弃物管理不善导致人畜共患病的发生、传播与流行。我们对兰州市中心城区的30余家宠物诊疗废弃物处置与管理状况进行了调查分析,并针对存在的问题开拓性的进行了管理尝试,旨在进一步加强和规范我市宠物诊疗废弃物的管理。     

建言篇:规范宠物诊疗行业势在必行

<正>参加第一届中国兽医大会的代表根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《动物诊疗机构管理办法》《动物检疫管理办法》,针对宠物诊疗方面的问题,就对中国兽医协会服务内容做了交流,现整理刊登,以供业界借鉴。首先,打造有利环境,促进宠物诊疗行业的自我完善。     

太原市动物诊疗机构存在的问题与监管对策

为规范动物诊疗活动和执业兽医从业行为,提升动物诊疗机构和执业兽医服务水平,落实动物诊疗许可和监管制度,太原市动物卫生监督所依据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《动物诊疗机构管理办法》和《执业兽医管理办法》等法律法规,近年来连续对辖区内宠物诊疗机构进行专项整治,虽然取得了明显效果,但是多数宠物诊疗机构仍然存在不少问题,监管难度大,笔者现就当前太原市宠物诊疗机构存在的问题及监管对策简述如下,供行业监管机构和人员参考。     

宠物诊疗行业医疗废物处置现状及管理对策

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,宠物饲养日益增多,促进了宠物诊疗行业的快速发展.但是,宠物诊疗活动产生的医疗废物作为一种新兴污染源,往往被人们所忽视.     

太原市动物诊疗机构医疗废弃物规范化管理所存在的问题及对策思考

随着人民生活水平的日益提高,宠物饲养量逐年增加,动物诊疗行业随之迅速发展,同时动物医疗废弃物也相应地增加了疫病传播的风险,对周围环境和人类健康带来了威胁,动物医疗废弃物的处置已经引起社会的广泛关注。本文主要阐述了太原市动物诊疗机构医疗废物规范管理方案实施后,动物医疗废弃物的集中处置工作取得的良好效果、存在的问题及对策建议,为动物医疗废弃物处置工作更加完善提供参考。     

基于就业导向的高职畜牧兽医法规课程改革

正高职畜牧兽医专业是培养以就业为导向,以能力为本位的高素质、高技能型的畜牧兽医人才,使学生能胜任畜禽养殖、动物疫病防治、动物检疫检验、饲料兽药检验化验、饲料兽药生产销售、宠物诊疗及畜牧兽医行业管理等工作岗位。随着人们对动物源性食品安全的关注,畜牧产业必须在《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《中华人民共和国畜牧法》《饲料质量安全管理规范》等一系列畜牧兽医法规约束下依法治牧,确保养殖行业安全生产和畜牧业健康发展,高职院校     

执业兽医的法律责任和义务(连载)

<正>(接上期)(四)妥善处理医疗废物根据《动物诊疗机构管理办法》第二十二条、二十五条、三十四条的规定,动物诊疗机构应当按照农业部规定处理病死动物和动物病理组织;应当参照《医疗废物管理条例》的有关规定处理医疗废弃物;不得随意抛弃病死动物、动物病理组织和医疗废弃物,不得排放未经无害化处理或者处理不达标的诊疗废水。动物诊疗机构在动物诊疗活动中,违法处理医     

规范动物诊疗机构应注意的事项

宠物诊疗机构的公共卫生不可忽视。由于宠物诊疗机构是患病动物集中的场所,如果卫生管理不当,将成为人畜疫病的散播地、自然环境的污染源。因此,宠物诊疗机构的公共卫生不可忽视。为加强动物诊疗机构的规范管理,2008年,农业部发布了《动物诊疗机构管理办法》,对从事动物诊疗活动作了具体规定。一、动物诊疗机构应办理《动物诊疗许可证》,并在规定的诊疗活动范围内开展动物诊     

兰州市宠物诊疗行业医疗废弃物处置现状及管理对策

医疗废物是一种危害极大的特殊物,这些废物包括临床废物、废药品等各类固体废物,含有大量的病原微生物、寄生虫,还含有其它有害物质。随着建设环保型健康城市理念的引入,医疗废物的处置已经引起社会的广泛关注。兰州市每天产生大量医疗废物,按照相关规定,各大医院都将这些废物送到指定的处理机构进行无害化处理。然而,宠物医院所产生的医疗废物却被排除在管理之外。这种社会现象的存在,无疑将大大增加人畜共患病的发病几率,也将直接危害人民群众的健康与安全。为了及时解决好这种长期制约兰州市宠物诊疗行业健康发展的瓶颈,我们对兰州市宠物诊疗行业废弃物处置方式进行了调研,并尝试通过一种全新的监管模式来推动此项工作的开展。     

动物诊疗机构医疗废物处理探讨

动物诊疗机构医疗废物是指动物诊疗机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或者间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物。为了加强医疗废物的安全管理,防止人畜共患病传播,保护环境,保障人体健康,近期,对濮阳华龙区内的动物诊疗机构处理医疗废物进行了检查.     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

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Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

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Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.