2006年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性测定

通过对2006年国家9个甜菜品种区域试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值(WU)ij、变异系数(iCKvu),并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析.结果表明:品种Beta807、KWS0143、ZM203、D0316表现出了较好的稳定性,有广泛的适应性.品种Beta807、KWS0143、ZM201、ZM203、KWS9145的产糖量水平较高,在生产中有较大的使用价值.品种TY309、ZM201的含糖率水平较高,并且具有很好的稳定性,在需要高糖品种的地区,可优先加以利用.     

2010年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性测定

通过对2010年国家甜菜品种区域试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值(VU)ij、变异系数(iCKvu),并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明:8个参试品种中SR-496表现出了很好的稳定性,有广泛的适应性,产糖水平较高,有很大的使用价值。品种ZM205、ST21015、HI0936表现出了较好的稳定性。ST21015的产糖水平最高,有较大的使用价值。ZM205、HI0936产糖水平一般,可做调剂品种使用。品种Beta866、KWS9442、2003-18、ST0918的稳定性较差。Beta866、KWS9442的产糖水平较高,应有选择地加以利用。2003-18含糖性状有明显优势,需要品种的高糖性状,可以选择使用。ST0918的产糖量水平较低,生产上使用没有优势。     

2008年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性测定

通过对2008年国家甜菜品种区域试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值(VU)ij、变异系数(iCKvu),并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明:品种ZM202、ND41、CH9301、HI0466、HI0474、XJT9902表现出了较好的稳定性,有广泛的适应性。品种Beta6872、KWS3148、KWS4125、HI0466、HI0474的产糖量水平较高,在生产中有较大的使用价值。品种D03169、2005-21的含糖率水平较高,并且具有很好的稳定性,在需要高糖品种的地区,可优先加以利用。     

2011年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性测定

通过对2011年国家甜菜品种区域试验部分品种试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值(VU)ij、变异系数(iCKvu),并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析.结果表明:在6个被测品种中,ST21916产糖量稳定性很好,水平一般,具有广泛的适应性,含糖率稳定性一般,水平较低,产糖量的稳定性可以利用.KWS9147和Beta064产糖量稳定性一般,水平很高,含糖率稳定性很好,水平一般,有很大的利用价值.MA11-3产糖量稳定性一般,水平一般,含糖率稳定性较好,水平较高,有较大的使用价值.SM-497产糖量和含糖率稳定性都一般,产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平较高,含糖率有明显的优势.STC395产糖量稳定性差,含糖率稳定性一般,产糖量和含糖率水平都较低,没有使用优势.     

2015年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性评价

通过对2015年国家甜菜品种区域试验部分品种试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值(VU)ij、变异系数(i CKvu),并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明:在被测的8个甜菜品种中,品种HI0556、HI1420的产糖性状稳定性较好:品种HI0556的产糖量水平中等,含糖率水平较低,在生产中有一定利用价值;品种HI1420的产糖量水平中等,含糖率水平较高,在生产中有较高的利用价值;品种SV1555、KWS2314、STm1217、STD1244的产糖量稳定性一般:SV1555、KWS2314产糖性状较好,含糖性状亦处中等水平,在生产中有较高的利用价值;STm1217、STD1244产糖性状较差,含糖性状亦处较低水平,利用价值有限。品种Beta468、JKF208-11的产糖量稳定性较差:Beta468的产糖量水平较高,含糖率水平中等,在生产中高产性状应加以利用;JKF208-11产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平较高,高糖性状可选择利用。     

2013年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性测定

通过对2013年国家甜菜品种区域试验8个品种15个地点试验结果的统计分析,求得品种＆#215;地点互作效应值（VU）ij、变异系数（iCKvu）,并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明：在被测品种中,MA10-9的产糖量和含糖率稳定性较好,具有较广泛的适应性,产糖量水平中等,含糖率水平较低,稳定性较好是该品种的优势。ST13929、Beta807的产糖量和含糖率稳定性一般,二者产糖量和含糖率水平中等,可选择使用。 MA2070的产糖量稳定性一般,含糖率稳定性较好,产糖量和含糖率水平中等,含糖率稳定性较好是该品种的优势。KWS2314的产糖量稳定性一般,含糖率稳定性较差,产糖量水平较高,含糖率水平中等,产糖量水平较高是该品种的优势。 KWS1479、TY309的产糖性状稳定性较差,含糖率稳定性一般：KWS1479产糖量水平较高,含糖率水平一般,产糖量水平较高是该品种的优势;TY309的产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平较高,高含糖性是该品种的优势。 JKF208-10的产糖量和含糖率稳定性较差,产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平较高,高含糖性是该品种的优势。     

2005年国家甜菜品种区域试验适应性分析

通过对2005年国家甜菜品种区域试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值、变异系数,并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明:品种BTS356、ZD211、ZM201、ZD212、KWS9145、内2265、ZD204表现出了很好的稳定性,有广泛的适应性。BTS356、ZD211、ZM201、KWS9145的产糖量水平很高,有较大的使用价值。BTS356在洮南、张北、呼和浩特、大同、黄羊镇表现出了特别适应性,ZD211在呼和浩特、塔城表现出了特别适应性,ZM201在塔城表现出了特别适应性,KWS9145在巴盟、黄羊镇、塔城表现出了特别适应性。品种2001-10、TY309的含糖率水平较高,并且具有很好的稳定性,在需要高糖品种的地区,应优先加以利用。     

2014年国家甜菜品种区域试验品种稳定性评价

通过对2014年国家甜菜品种区域试验部分品种试验结果的统计分析,求得品种×地点互作效应值(VU)ij、变异系数(i CKvu),并据此对参试品种进行了稳定性测定和适应性分析。结果表明:在被测的12个甜菜品种中,ST21115、STD1210的产糖量和含糖率稳定性较好,具有较广泛的适应性,产糖量和含糖率水平中等,这两个品种有较好的利用价值。KWS1197、STm0915的产糖量稳定性较好,含糖率稳定性一般:KWS1197产糖量和含糖率水平较高,有较好的利用价值;STm0915产糖量和含糖率水平中等,也有较好的使用价值。SV1434、Beta240的产糖量稳定性一般,含糖率稳定性较好,产糖量和含糖率水平一般,有较好的利用价值。ST12024的产糖量和含糖率稳定性一般,产糖量和含糖率水平较高,该品种有较好的使用价值。ST1213的产糖量稳定性一般,含糖率稳定性较差,产糖量和含糖率水平较低,该品种的利用价值有限。SV1433的产糖量稳定性较差,含糖率稳定性一般,产糖量和含糖率水平较高,该品种可在适应地区选择使用。STN1323、STm7117、HDTY16的产糖量和含糖率稳定性较差;HDTY16的产糖量水平较低,含糖率水平较高,高含糖性状可选择利用;STN1323、STm7117产糖量和含糖率水平较低,二者的利用价值有限。     

红兴隆地区引进甜菜品种比较试验初报

对黑龙江省红兴隆地区引进的16个甜菜品种进行比较试验,结果表明：甜菜根产量比对照甜研309增产超过20％的品种有BTS220、BTS356、Beta807、KWS3113、KWS3117、KWS4426;含糖率降低不超过1．0度的品种有ZD206、BTS220、KWS9419;产糖量比对照增产超过10％的品种有BTS220、BTS356、Beta807、KWS3113、KWS3117、KWS4426、KWS9419。综上,ZD206、BTS220、BTS356、Beta807、KWS3113、KWS3117、KWS4426、KWS9419等品种较适合该地区的生态环境,有良好的应用前景。     

2013年美国甜菜引种试验简报

对引进美国Beta公司的11个甜菜新品种进行了比较试验,结果表明:Beta公司甜菜品种在块根产量、含糖率、产糖量方面均超CK(KWS2409)。其中Beta064、Beta377无论是地上部表现,还是抗病性、产质量方面均表现十分突出,新疆糖区可根据当地需求选用,适当示范并推广。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pulque</Emphasis>, An Alcoholic Drink from Rural Mexico,Contains Phytase. Its <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> Effects on Corn Tortilla

Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.