蚬壳花椒受威胁程度评价及其可持续利用对策

为了可持续开发和利用野生药用植物资源,依据量化评价标准,从药用价值、分类意义、分布与生境要求、野生资源量、野生资源减少速率、栽培状况、保护现状和综合利用现状等8个方面对芸香科花椒属药用植物蚬壳花椒的受威胁程度进行了综合评价,评价结果为:蚬壳花椒受威胁程度的总评分达9分,属于渐危种类。并就如何保护和可持续利用蚬壳花椒野生资源问题提出了三个方面的保护对策。     

Quantitative Evaluation of Conservation Priority of Endangered Plants in Northeast China

By adopting the evaluation index system of conservation priority which included threatened coefficient,genetic coefficient,utilization coefficient, protection status coefficient and list status coefficient,the endangered plants in Northeast China were quantitatively analyzed and synthetically evaluated,and the value of conservation priority and conservation priority grades of the endangered plants were determined.The results showed that there were 60 species of endangered plants belonging to 42 genera and 25 families in Northeast China,the value of conservation priority ranged from 0.853 8-0.318 4.The endangered plants were divided into 3 grades according to their values of conservation priority, 17 species belonging to 15 genera and 11 families were in the first grade protection,18 species belonging to 14 genera and 11 families were in the second grade protection,25 species belonging to 17 genera and 13 families were in the third grade protection.The quantitatively evaluation index system of conservation priority in this paper represented the degree of conservation priority of the endangered plants comprehensively,objectively and accurately.     

中国东北濒危植物优先保护的定量评价

采用受威胁系数、遗传价值系数、利用价值系数、保护现状系数和名录现状系数构成的优先保护评价指标体系对中国东北濒危植物进行定量分析和综合评价,得到濒危植物优先保护值并确定其优先保护等级。结果表明,东北地区共有濒危植物60种,隶属于25科42属,优先保护值范围在0.853 8 0.318 4之间。依据优先保护值将濒危植物划分3级,一级保护有17种,隶属于11科15属,二级保护有18种,隶属于11科14属,三级保护有25种,隶属于13科17属。     

森林康养资源评价指标体系构建及评价--以蔡家川森林康养区为例

论文明确了森林康养资源的概念,分析了森林康养资源评价的研究现状,提出了评价指标选择的原则,并构建了森林康养资源评价指标体系,并最终对蔡家川森林康养区进行了森林康养资源评价,本文的评价方法根据10类森林康养产品种类将森林康养基地主导功能汇总为5类,使用的交互式过滤产生法、采用频度统计法、理论分析法与专家咨询法等方式最终确定了46个指标,通过对专家意见反馈进行计算,构造判断矩阵,得出蔡家川森林康养区森林康养资源评价各指标的权重。然后通过对森林康养资源主导功能适宜性横向等级评价将蔡家川森林康养区森林康养资源横向适宜性划分为特优、优、良、中、差五个等级;通过对森林康养资源适宜性纵向类别评价将森林康养资源纵向适宜性划分为四个类别:体验型、产出型、附加型以及失衡型。     

Influence of growth hormones on adventitious root formation in semi-hardwood cuttings of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Celasturs paniculatus</Emphasis> Willd.: a contribution for rapid multiplication and conservation management

Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Celastraceae) is an important medicinal tree valued for its seeds. Indiscriminate collection of this plant from the habitat zones has posed a serious threat to its existence in the wild, results in globally a threatened plant species. Ex situ conservation is a prioritized agenda of research for redlisted plant species. Semi-hardwood stem cuttings collected from 10 to 15 year old trees were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g l⁻¹) of growth hormones; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for positive effect on root induction. After 90 days of treatment, results were analyzed for percentage of rooting, root number and average root length per rooted cuttings. The highest rooting (57%) response with highest number of roots (~77.2) was obtained in indole-3-acetic acid at 3.0 g l⁻¹. Overall, high significant (P ≤ 0.05) rooting response was noticed in IAA treatment comparative to hormones IBA and NAA. Rooted cuttings exhibited 100% survival in the experimental field. This study reveals the propagation of semi-hardwood cuttings derived from partially matured branches is possible and it provides a basis for conservation of this threatened plant species by reducing pressure on its natural populations.     

后河自然保护区野生保护植物优先保护定量研究

笔者在野外调查和查阅文献资料的基础上,研究了湖北五峰后河自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物的分布情况,并运用濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数对其优先保护顺序进行了定量分析.结果表明:①后河自然保护区共有国家重点保护野生植物25种,其中Ⅰ级7种,Ⅱ级18种,分别占湖北省分布的54.4%、87.5%和47.4%;②采用优先...     

森林景观资产等级评价

选择景观面积、游人规模和森林景观质量等三个指标对森林景观资产类型进行等级期分并评估了北京市各森林景观资源类型的资产等级。       

云南轿子雪山自然保护区生态环境及有效管理评价

利用德尔菲法（Delphi）进行专家咨询,选取多样性、自然性、稀有性、代表性、生态脆弱性、面积适宜性和人类威胁共7项指标对云南轿子雪山自然保护区进行生态环境状况评价,通过指标等级化处理,结合实地调查得出保护区生态环境综合指数为74．82,评价结果,保护区生态环境质量较好;选取管理条件、管理措施、科研基础、管理成效等13项指标对保护区进行有效管理评价,通过专家咨询和实际调查,得出该保护区有效管理综合指数为55．53,评价结果,保护区有效管理水平一般．针对评价结果,分析影响保护区生态环境质量和有效管理成效的关键因素及保护区目前所面临的主要问题,提出了相应的对策和建议．     

贵州省珍稀濒危植物优先保护等级的定量研究

参考湖南省珍稀濒危植物优先保护分级指标方法,结合贵州省实际,对贵州省69种珍稀濒危植物及特有种进行了优先保护等级的定量研究,划分贵州省珍稀濒危植物优先保护等级,提出了贵州省珍稀濒危植物保护措施。     

生长调节剂和肥料对案头菊组培苗综合评分的影响

通过设立有关的主要经济性状(植株高矮和花朵直径大小)指标和案头菊质量评分标准,采用生长调节剂(B9)和肥料(尿素+磷酸二氢钾混合物)作为处理因子,对案头菊组培苗综合评分的影响进行探讨,并总结出了一套适合武汉地区案头菊生产的技术措施。     

山西省乡土树种资源现状与发展对策

文章以乡土树种为研究对象,通过全面普查和典型抽样调查,对山西省现有的乡土树种资源进行统计分析。结果显示,山西省乡土树种共有67科155属626种(含变种、亚种等);共有15种国家级保护植物,其中Ⅰ级保护植物2种,Ⅱ级6种,Ⅲ级7种;乡土树种具有水土保持、绿化观赏、荒山造林、防风固沙、药用蜜源等价值。在此基础上,分析了乡土树种保护和利用存在的问题。     

欧洲地中海国家的荒漠化整治策略

文章回顾了欧洲地中海国家荒漠化的历史与现状,从欧盟及各国整治荒漠化的策略着眼,对欧盟于1990年启动的最大一个防治荒漠化项目“地中海沿岸的荒漠化与土地利用（MEDALUS）”的目标、进程、研究内容、技术规程、监测标准和方法学进行了探讨,并对该项目前两期取得的成果及未来的研究设想予以引介和评价.     

毛里湖国家湿地公园植被恢复原则与方式探讨

分析了毛里湖国家湿地公园的植物现状及问题,提出了植被恢复应遵循生态学原则、以自然为主、低碳可持续发展、统筹规划、分布实施、保护优先、科学修复、因地制宜、适地适树等原则,结合水源涵养林工程、退耕还林工程和湿地植被恢复工程,在实践中摸索和探讨植被恢复的方式,总结项目的经验和不足,为湿地公园植被恢复和发展提供借鉴和参考。     

中国珍稀濒危荒漠植物保护等级的定量研究

本文以中国西北荒漠地区５０种荒漠植物作为定理研究的对象，根据次分析法（Analytical Hierarchy Process，简称ＡＨＰ）理论，选取珍稀濒危荒漠植物的分布区、分类学地位、生物学指标及利用价值４个指标，将生物学指标量化为乔木、灌木、多年生草本和１年生草本４个指标变量，将利用价值量化为科研、药用、饲（食）用、薪炭用和其它价值５个指标变量，分别构建判断矩阵，通过计算机数据处理，定量研究各指标在珍稀濒危等级综合评价中的以重及重要程度，研究结果表明：对５０种珍稀濒危荒漠植物的保护等级进行排序，结论基本符合《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》和《中国植物红皮书》的分级结果。盐桦（Betula holophila)、矮沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus nanus)、贺兰山丁香（Syringa pinnatifolia var.alashanica)、沙生柽柳（Tamarix taklamakanensis)、四合木（Tetraena mogolica)、新疆丽豆（Colophaca soongoria)、喀什女蒿（Hippolytia kaschgarica)７种荒漠植物被列为１级保护，占总数的１４％，裸果木等２２种荒漠植物被列为２级保护,贴总数的４４％，梭梭等１９种荒漠植物被列为３级保护，占总数的３８％，星毛短舌菊、盐豆木２种荒漠植物被列为等外，占总数的４％。     

滇金丝猴栖息地植物多样性研究

采用路线调查与标准地调查相结合的方法,结合历史资料,对滇金丝猴栖息地的野生植物资源进行了实地野外调查研究,分析了植物多样性及其受威胁状况。结果表明:(1)栖息地具有丰富的植物物种多样性,有维管束植物217科789属3533种(含亚种、变种),其中,国家重点保护野生植物有117种;(2)该区植物区系成分具有复杂性、多样性,明显偏重于温带性质、且植物区系起源古老,有中国特有分布属90个,其中,古特有属59个;(3)该区具有丰富的植被类型,包括4个植被型组,10个植被型,47个群系,具有较高的保护和科研价值。同时针对栖息地植物多样性受威胁状况,提出了植被恢复、生态移民及社区共管是保护植物多样性的有效措施。     

Using the high conservation value forest concept and Pareto optimization to identify areas maximizing biodiversity and ecosystem services in cork oak landscapes

Montados are silvo-pastoral systems, typical of the western Mediterranean Basin. When well managed, these ecosystems provide relevant ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. In the northern part of the Mediterranean Basin, cork oak areas are mainly privately owned and a source of income to landowners, chiefly through cork and livestock production. Sustainable use is essential to maintain the ecological sustainability and socio-economic viability of these ecosystems. Biodiversity conservation and non-provisioning ecosystem services may generate additional incentives promoting sustainable use and conservation of montados, but require adequate mapping and identification. The high conservation value forest (HCVF) framework allows systematic inventory of biodiversity and non-provisioning ecosystem services and is widely applied in forest ecosystems. Here we exemplify the application of HCVF to the cork oak landscape of southern Portugal using a WebGIS tool that integrates the HCVF framework, in conjunction with Pareto optimization, to identify areas important for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. We present a case study using threatened bird and reptile species, as examples of biodiversity attributes, and carbon storage and water recharge rate of aquifers, as examples of ecosystem services attributes. We identify those areas in a cork oak landscape of southern Portugal where biodiversity and ecosystem services attributes are optimized. These areas can be prioritized for implementing conservation mechanisms, such as payment for ecosystem services, to promote sustainable forest management.     

闽南山区珍稀植物现状及保护对策

阐述了闽南山区德化县珍稀植物资源现状,分析了受威胁的珍稀植物物种及其原因,提出保护和发展野生珍稀植物的对策。     

Cultivation and utilization of Gmelina arborea in South Yunnan,China

New Forests - Gmelina arborea (gmelina) naturally occurs in four prefectures in southern Yunnan, China. The conservation status of the species is threatened or endangered depending on the locality...     

The role of graveyards in species conservation and beta diversity:a vegetation appraisal of sacred habitats from Bannu,Pakistan

Graveyards or sacred groves are often places of natural vegetation protected by spiritual believers because of their sacred beliefs and indigenous culture.A study of graveyards was conducted to determine their role in species conservation,community formation,and associated indicators and species composition using multivariate statistical approaches.It was hypothesized that variations in the age of graveyards would give rise to diverse plant communities under the impact of various edaphic and climatic factors.Quantitative ecological techniques were applied to determine various phytosociological attributes.All the data were put in MS Excel for analysis in PCORD and CANOCO softwares for cluster analysis(CA),two-way cluster analysis(TWCA),indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis.CA and TWCA through Sorenson distance measurements identified five major graveyard plant communities:(1) FicusBougainvillea-Chenopodium;(2) Acacia-Datura-Convolvulus;(3) Ziziphus-Vitex-Abutilon;(4) Acacia-Lantana-Salsola;and(5) Melia-Rhazya-Peganum.Species such as Capparis decidua,Herniaria hirsuta,Salvadora oliedes and Populus euphratica were only present inside graveyards rather than outside and advocate the role of graveyards in species conservation.The impact of different environmental and climatic variables plus the age of the graveyards were also assessed for comparison of plant communities and their respective indicator species.The results indicate that higher chlorine concentration,age of graveyards,low soil electrical conductivity,lower anthropogenic activities,higher nitrogen,calcium and magnesium concentrations in the soil,and sandy soils were the strong environmental variables playing a significant role in the formation of graveyard plant communities,their associated indicators and species distribution patterns.These results could further be utilized to evaluate the role of edaphic and climatic factors,indicator species and conservation management practices at a greater scale.     

Vascular epiphytes loss in exploited trees of the semi deciduous managed forest of Ndelele,East Cameroon

ABSTRACT

Forest Management Unit (FMU) is a growing phenomenon in Cameroon, impacting biodiversity negatively. This study was initiated to assess vascular epiphytes’ species loss on exploited trees to suggest conservation strategies. We hypothesized that: 1) epiphyte loss in this managed forest was significantly high and different with respect to phorophyte species; 2) epiphyte diversity loss has threatened status. Epiphyte survey was conducted on four most exploited trees in this study area. 63 exploited trees (Phorophytes) were surveyed. Shannon, Chao1 and Sorensen’s similarity indexes were used. Kruskal–wallis test was used to test the hypotheses. We recorded (70 epiphyte species, 33 genera and 12 families). Orchidaceae constituted highest epiphyte species with 43 species (61.4%). Epiphytes diversity was similar with respect to different phorophyte species (Sorensen?50%). Shannon’s index (3.36) showed a high epiphyte diversity loss. Kruskal–wallis showed no significant difference in epiphyte loss between phorophytes but a significant difference between zones, with canopies losing the highest epiphytes. With one epiphyte species’ status almost threatened and epiphyte diversity loss (significant); strict sustainable conservation methods like: epiphyte shade-houses and relocation are solicited. More data are needed from similar and different managed forest strata for epiphyte conservation policy enactment in Cameroon.