黑龙江籽鹅早期生长发育规律的研究

试验选择健康1日龄籽鹅120只，在当地条件下饲养到12周龄。拟合出体重、日增重和相对增重曲线方程（R^2〉0．9）。试验表明：1—3周龄生长强度最大，4～8周龄体重增加较快；6周龄与10周龄体重呈强正相关（r=0．858）；4周龄左右是胫长和胫围生长发育的旺盛时期；9周龄以后随着增重的减少，饲料转化率降低。     

饲养密度对大午金凤商品代蛋雏鸡生长性能、器官指数及血清抗氧化指标的影响

试验以324只1日龄大午金凤商品代蛋雏鸡为试验材料,随机分为三个处理(低密度组、中密度组和高密度组)以探究饲养密度对蛋雏鸡生长性能、器官指数及血清抗氧化性指标的影响,并用Logistics模型拟合雏鸡的生长曲线,以期获得0~6周龄大午金凤适宜的饲养密度。试验分为两阶段(0~2周龄、3~6周龄)。低、中、高饲养密度0~2周龄分别为:107 cm~2/只、83 cm~2/只、68 cm~2/只,3~6周龄分别为:214 cm~2/只、167 cm~2/只、136 cm~2/只。每个处理3个重复。结果显示:0~2周龄时,低密度组蛋雏鸡胫长、体重及平均日增重显著高于高密度组(P0.05);3~6周龄时,低密度组蛋雏鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重显著高于中密度组和高密度组(P0.05);随饲养密度升高,蛋雏鸡体重呈显著下降的趋势(P0.05);低密度组蛋雏鸡小肠总长显著高于高密度组(P0.05);低密度组蛋雏鸡血清CAT的浓度显著低于高密度组(P0.05)。0~6周龄随着饲养密度增大,低、中、高密度组大午金凤体重的拐点周龄分别为3.853、4.002和4.070周龄,胫长的拐点周龄分别为1.391、1.513、1.800周龄。综合蛋雏鸡体重、胫长、平均日采食量、耗料增重比、血清抗氧化指标,推荐大午金凤商品代蛋鸡0~2周龄的饲养密度为83~107 cm~2/只,3~6周龄的饲养密度为167~214 cm~2/只。     

大午粉1号纯系蛋鸡体增重与产蛋数的关系

本试验旨在研究大午粉1号配套系中A、C、D纯系蛋鸡体重及体增重与产蛋数的关系。试验分析开产体重、18周龄体重、43周龄体重、18周龄至43周龄体增重(以下简称体增重)与开产至43周龄累计产蛋数(以下简称43周产蛋数)之间的相关性以及各纯系体增重不同范围与43周产蛋数的关系。结果表明:3个纯系的体增重均与18周龄体重、43周产蛋数呈负相关,而与43周龄体重呈极显著正相关(P0.01);3个纯系的43周产蛋数均与18周龄体重呈正相关,与43周龄体重呈负相关;A系蛋鸡的体重和体增重明显小于C系蛋鸡和D系蛋鸡的体重和体增重,但各纯系蛋鸡的体增重变异系数之间的差异比较小;A系体增重集中在100~500 g,其中体增重范围在100~400 g时的43周产蛋数显著高于其他体增重范围内的产蛋数(P0.05);C系和D系体增重集中在200~700 g,其中体增重范围在200~400 g时的43周产蛋数显著高于其他体增重范围内的产蛋数(P0.05)。     

“京红1号”父母代公鸡生长规律与精液品质相关性的研究

试验以120只"京红1号"父母代蛋种公鸡为研究对象,每周测1次体重,24周龄后每2周测1次,测至64周淘汰;每周测量1次胫长,测至18周龄;24周龄开始检测精液品质,包括排精量、精子活力等指标,每2周测1次,连续检测6次。结果表明:试验公鸡体重在育雏育成期生长旺盛,胫长持续增加;利用Logistic、Gompertz、Richaid模型对公鸡体重进行生长拟合,Gompertz模型拟合度最高(R2=0.9971);对育雏育成期的体重与胫长进行相关性分析,两者呈中等强度相关,各周龄相关系数(r)在0.49~0.68之间;对公鸡体重、胫长等生长指标和排精量、活力等繁殖性能指标进行相关性分析,生长指标和繁殖性能指标的相关性小(r≤0.161);以23周体重和体胫比分别将公鸡分4组,各组鸡群的体重和体胫比分组差异显著时,繁殖性能差异不显著,因而不能在育雏育成期通过公鸡体重或胫长的测量选留出繁殖性能较强的公鸡。     

雪峰乌骨鸡体重生长发育规律的研究

为研究雪峰乌骨鸡体重生长发育规律,选取雪峰乌骨鸡公母鸡各30只,分别在1~17周龄和上市日龄(126 d)称重,比较不同性别雪峰乌骨鸡的生长发育性能,利用Logistic曲线依次对不同性别的雪峰乌骨鸡体重进行拟合,得出公母鸡的生长拐点;分析1~13周龄公母鸡的体增重情况;分别对1~13周龄公母鸡体重与上市日龄体重进行相关分析,并对与上市日龄体重相关性显著的周龄体重进行回归分析。结果表明:雪峰乌骨鸡4周龄时公鸡体重显著高于母鸡(P0.05),5周龄及之后公鸡体重极显著高于母鸡(P0.01);1~5周龄公母鸡体重增加趋势基本一致,13周龄后公母鸡体重明显拉开差距。公母鸡Logistic曲线模型的拟合度均达到0.999,公鸡的生长拐点为10.1周龄,母鸡的生长拐点为8.9周龄。公母鸡平均日增重较高的时期分别为10~12周龄和8~12周龄,较低的时期均在2~4周龄;公母鸡绝对生长的高峰分别在9~11周龄和8~10周龄;公母鸡相对生长曲线均呈"反J形"。公鸡1~13周龄体重、上市日龄体重之间都呈极显著相关(P0.01);母鸡上市日龄体重与2~4周龄体重呈显著正相关(P0.05),与第1周龄和5~13周龄体重呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。结果显示,不同性别的雪峰乌骨鸡生长发育性能存在一定差异。Logistic曲线能较好地拟合雪峰乌骨鸡体重生长发育规律。     

伊犁鹅与霍尔多巴吉鹅杂交后代的生长发育规律分析北大核心

试验旨在探究伊犁鹅与霍尔多巴吉鹅杂交后代的生长发育规律。试验分析了0~9周龄伊犁鹅与霍尔多巴吉鹅杂交后代鹅的体重与体尺指标,采用Logistic模型、Gompertz模型和Bertalanffy模型对杂交后代鹅的体重数据进行拟合及比较分析。结果显示,2、6周龄杂交鹅公鹅体斜长显著高于母鹅(P<0.05),4周龄杂交鹅公鹅体斜长极显著高于母鹅(P<0.01),2周龄杂交鹅公鹅胸深、髋骨宽、龙骨长极显著高于母鹅(P<0.01),胸宽显著高于母鹅(P<0.05),2、4周龄杂交鹅公鹅胸围、胫长、半潜水长极显著高于母鹅(P<0.01),6周龄杂交鹅公鹅胫长、半潜水长显著高于母鹅(P<0.05);4周龄杂交鹅公鹅胫围极显著高于母鹅(P<0.01),8周龄杂交鹅公鹅胫围显著高于母鹅(P<0.05)。杂交后代公、母鹅在0~3周龄的生长速度较慢,3周龄后生长速度加快,4~5周龄左右达到生长高峰。研究表明,通过生长曲线拟合分析发现,Bertalanffy模型对杂交后代公、母鹅的拟合效果最佳。     

蛋鸡后备鸡群的培育措施

正1蛋鸡体形体重对生产性能的影响(1)鸡的骨骼在最初10周内生长迅速,8周龄雏鸡骨架可完成75%,12周龄完成90%以上,之后生长缓慢,至20周龄骨骼发育基本完成,到36~40周龄生长基本停止。(2)在生产中常遇到的实际问题是胫长达标而体重偏轻的鸡群产蛋早期往往蛋重偏小;胫长不达标而体重超标的鸡群,会发生严重的输卵管炎或脱肛现象,死淘率高;胫长和体重同时超标时,料蛋比增高。(3)试验     

0~10周龄扬州鹅肠道发育规律研究

本试验旨在探讨0~10周龄扬州鹅肠道的发育规律。选取189只1日龄扬州鹅仔鹅,随机分为7个重复,每个重复27只,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究扬州鹅肠道长度和肠道重量的发育规律。结果表明,扬州鹅肠道发育与体重发育趋势基本一致,扬州鹅1~4周生长迅速,4周龄左右达到增重高峰,4~7周日增重稳定在73 g/d左右,而肠道在6周龄时基本发育完善;随周龄的增加,肠道各段长度与肠道总长度的比值均无明显变化。该研究结果为扬州鹅的生产和资源开发提供理论依据。     

三穗鸭体型外貌观察与生长发育分析

为制定三穗鸭的地方标准,试验测定了210只0～17周龄原种三穗鸭的平均周增重,并于17周龄(120日龄)进行了体尺测定和相关分析。结果表明,1～17周龄公鸭的绝大多数周增重之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);公母鸭间的体斜长、半潜水长、龙骨长、胫围、胸宽、胸深极显著高于母鸭(P<0.01);公母鸭间的胫长和骨盆宽差异不显著(P>0.05)。与1991年制定的三穗鸭地方标准比较,在120日龄体重方面表现出一定的差异,外貌与体尺符合三穗鸭的品种特征。     

马岗鹅早期生长及体尺性状发育规律的研究

为揭示马岗鹅的生长发育规律,挖掘马岗鹅的生长潜力,本研究通过测定马岗鹅0~12周龄的体重和体尺性状,并用Logistics、Von Bertalanffy和Gompertz 3种模型进行生长曲线拟合。结果表明:马岗鹅体重生长曲线最佳模型为Gompertz模型(R2=0.999),拐点周龄是4.31周龄,拐点体重是1459.01g,2~8周龄的周增重都在320 g以上,相对生长率都在16%以上,8周龄前为马岗鹅体重迅速增长时期。胸深、龙骨长、颈长的最佳拟合模型为Gompertz,拐点周龄分别为0.65、3.71、2.28周龄;体斜长、半潜水长的最佳拟合模型为Von Bertalanffy,拐点周龄分别为0.53、0.47周龄;胸宽、骨盆宽、胫长、胫围的最佳拟合模型为Logistic,拐点周龄分别为3.81、1.39、0.91、0.51周龄;7周龄前为马岗鹅体尺性状迅速增长时期。本研究结果可为马岗鹅的生产和饲养管理提供理论指导。     

新太湖鹅与隆昌鹅、太湖鹅生长发育规律研究

选用隆昌鹅、太湖鹅和新太湖鹅 (隆昌鹅作父本 ,太湖鹅作母本所培育的后代 )各 60只 ,在粗放条件下饲养到 70日龄 ,测定了 3种鹅各周龄的体重及 2 ,4,6 ,8,10周龄的体尺 ,并用Richards生长曲线方程拟合了鹅的生长规律。结果证明 :太湖鹅前期生长早于隆昌鹅和新太湖鹅 ,在 4周龄左右为生长高峰 ,而隆昌鹅和新太湖鹅生长高峰周龄分别在 6周与 7周。新太湖鹅生长速度已基本接近隆昌鹅。 3种鹅随周龄增加 ,各周龄体重与 10周龄体重相关性增强。初生重与前期的生长相关性较强 ,与 10周龄体重相关系数较低。Richards生长曲线方程能很好地拟合鹅的生长发育规律 ,拟合精度 (R2 )均大于 0 9988。 6周龄是新太湖鹅骨骼、胸宽、胸深生长发育的旺盛期 ;在 6周龄前 ,太湖鹅体尺测定指标大于隆昌鹅与新太湖鹅 ,6周龄后则相反。     

朗德鹅A、B、C三品系生长速度、体重及体尺的测定

本研究对从法国古尔蒙育种公司引入的朗德鹅A、B、C三个品系的生长发育、体重、体尺进行了测定。结果表明：12周龄的平均体重,公鹅组中A系5374.6g、B系5342.12g、C系5328.98g,分别是出壳重的59.59倍、57.50倍、58.91倍;平均日增重为A61.00g、B63.60g、C60.55g;生长速度最快,三品系都出现在5～8周龄,日增量分别为A系86.39g、B系82.86g、C系81.46g。母鹅组,平均体重A系5281.88g、B系5328.10g、C系5300.13g,分别是出壳重的57.90倍、58.47倍、54.60倍,平均日增重A系60.15g、B系60.72g、C系60.38g,生长速度最快在5～8周龄,日增重A系88.60g,B系87.00g,C系86.31g。每千克增重所需饲料量,1～8周龄A系2.13kg、B系2.29kg、C系2.30kg;1～12周龄A系3.96kg、B系4.01kg、C系4.12kg,主要是9～12周龄生长速度缓慢。这些资料,为进一步开展朗德鹅的纯繁制种和杂交制种,提供了极为有用的素材资料。     

Study on Growth and Development Law and Meat Performance in Xiang White Goose

The study was aimed to reveal the rule of growth and development and meat performance in Xiang White goose. 100 healthy Xiang White geese (50 male and 50 female) were selected and weighed during 0 to 12 weeks of age for study the growth and development by using Logistic model. 8 geese in each gender were slaughtered at age of 12-week and the body size index and meat yield performance were measured. The results showed as follows:① Xiang White goose grew rapidly in 1 to 6 weeks, and the increase of body weight was relatively stable during 7 to 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of age, the body weight of male goose were significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) higher than the female. The fitting rates of Logistic model were over 0.988 in both male and female goose. The inflection of growth curves of female goose was at age of 5 weeks, and the male was 5.2 weeks. The correlation coefficient between the body weights at age of 4 weeks and 12 weeks were 0.512,0.561 in male and female goose, respectively (P<0.01).②The body length, keel length, tibia length and half-length diving of male goose at age of 12 weeks were significantly higher than the female (P<0.05).③The live body weight of male goose at age of 12 weeks was significantly greater than the female (P<0.05). ④The slaughter rate, eviscerated percentage, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate of Xiang White goose were 88.25%, 67.93%, 13.03% and 13.76%, respectively. In conclusion, Xiang White goose grew fast, and had a good performance of meat production. The growth and development, body size and slaughter performance of male goose were better than the female.     

Effect of selection for growth on normal and reduced protein diets on weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and body composition in mice

Mice selected for weight gain from 3 to 9 weeks of age on a normal (N) protein diet containing 19.3% protein and a reduced (R) protein diet with 5.1% protein were reared on both diets in generations 7 and 9. The lines NH, NC, NL, RH, RC and RL (H, high; C, control; L, low) were tested for weight gain on diet N and R and for feed intake and feed efficiency on diet N in generation 7. In generation 9, the lines were tested for body composition traits (fat, protein and water percentage) at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age on both diets. A significant (p < 0.0001) genotype × environment interaction for growth rate was observed in generation 7. Weight gain at both the protein levels was best improved by selection at the protein level itself. Furthermore, the ranking of the lines on diet N was similar for weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. In generation 9 at 9 weeks of age, the ranking of the lines for fat percentage was equal to the ranking for weight gain in generation 7 on both test‐diets. The association between weight gain and protein or water percentage was less pronounced, particularly on diet R. These results suggest that the largest genetic improvement in growth rate is obtained when the protein content of the feed is the same in selection and production. However, when selection is carried out in one environment while the animals have to perform under conditions with varying nutrient protein contents, selection in an inferior environment may be advantageous.     

Effects of Rice Husk Powder on Performance,Body Size Traits,Internal Organs Development and Economic Benefit of Young Turkey

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of adding rice husk powder on the growth performance, body size traits, development of internal organs and economic benefits of young turkey. 180 young turkeys with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with each group having 5 replicates, each replicate of 10 birds. The control group was fed with basal diet, the experimental group was fed with basal diet added rice husk powder. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that there was no significant difference in avarage daily feed intake (ADFI) between control group and experimental group (P>0.05).Compared with control group, the body weight and avarage daily weight gain (ADG) of the birds in experimental group increased extremely significantly (P<0.01), while the ratio of feed intake and daily weight gain (F/G) decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01); The heart weight of the birds tended to increase (P=0.09), whereas the proventriculus weight significantly increased (P<0.05), and the gizzard weight extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) in experimental group. There were no significant differences in body size traits, organ index, intestinal weight and length of the birds between control group and experimental group (P>0.05). The economic benefit of each bird in experimental group at 56 days of age was increased by 39.4% compared with control group (P<0.05). In summary, adding rice husk powder in young turkey's diets could improve the growth performance and the economic benefits of turkey.     

营养条件对荷斯坦公犊生长发育及血液中激素水平的影响

选择同期出生的48头中国荷斯坦公犊,在其1月龄时随机分为4组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别采用全乳、全乳+精料、代乳粉(料)和精料(对照组)进行饲养,研究不同日粮饲喂犊牛对其生长发育的影响。结果表明:Ⅰ组的体重在2～6月龄时均显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05);尽管Ⅲ组的体重和日增重在2月龄时显著低于另3组(P<0.05),但到6月龄时,其日增重达到1.35kg/d,且与Ⅰ组无显著差异(P>0.05)并明显高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。说明代乳料饲喂的犊牛在后期的生长能够接近全乳饲喂的水平。4组间体长指数和髋胸指数在分组饲养后的开始几个月里存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。体重、日增重以及多数体尺指标均与T3和GH浓度呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)相关,T4和INS浓度仅与体斜长、体长指数和髋胸指数呈显著(P<0.05)相关,且日增重仅与T3浓度有极显著相关(P<0.01)。Ⅰ组犊牛的血清中T3浓度在2～6月龄时均显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05),且除6月龄以外,其余各月龄时均显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。说明血清中T3浓度可能是能反映并监控荷斯坦犊牛生长发育和营养情况的重要指标。     

康县太平鸡早期生长曲线拟合及体重与体尺相关性分析

为研究太平鸡早期生长发育规律,提高品种选育效果,采用Logistic、Von Bertalanffy、Gompertz三种非线性生长模型对其体重进行拟合,并对13周龄的体重与体尺进行相关性分析。结果表明：Gompertz模型对太平鸡0～15周龄体重的拟合效果最佳,拟合所得的太平公、母鸡的拐点周龄分别为7.08周、6.84周,拐点体重分别为572.24 g、482.74 g,成熟体重分别为1 555.34 g、1 312.09 g;13周龄太平鸡体重与体尺之间存在不同程度的相关性,公鸡的体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、骨盆宽呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;母鸡的体重与龙骨长、胫长、胫围、胸围、骨盆宽呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。     

朝鲜鹌鹑的生长发育性能研究

选择300只10日龄的朝鲜鹌鹑(公、母各半),在相同的饲养管理条件下饲养4周,系统测定了各周的体重和体斜长、胸骨长、胸宽、胸深、胫长等体尺指标,并拟合了公、母鹑体重的Logistic生长曲线。结果表明,朝鲜鹌鹑公、母鹑38日龄体重为109.38 g和117.92 g,母鹑的生长速度明显高于公鹑,所拟合的公、母鹑体重的生长曲线方程分别为yt=122.5/[1+e-0.1200×(t-20.0921)](R2=0.9914)和yt=134.5/[1+e-0.1154×(t-21.0727)](R2=0.9933),鹑群生长发育均匀整齐。     

贵妇鸡若干种质特性的研究

本试验对贵妇鸡早期生长发育等有关指标进行观测，以揭示该鸡种质特点及性状相关。并应用多元回归分析方法探讨体斜长、胸角、胸骨长、主翼羽长，尾羽长，胫长和胫围对体重的相关，结果表明，公鸡早期生长速率较母鸡快，平均日增重比母鸡高０．９３ｇ，公母鸡６周龄体重 ３７５．０３ｇ和３３６．７７ｇ；     

蛋氨酸限制与补偿对羔羊生长性能及内脏器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸限制与补偿对羔羊生长性能及内脏器官发育的影响。选取12对1周龄断奶的湖羊双胞胎公羔羊,采用配对试验设计,每对双胞胎羔羊分别分到2组中。第1阶段,2~8周龄,分别补充[基础代乳粉+0.70%蛋氨酸,基础开食料+0.40%蛋氨酸,对照(control,CON)组]和限制蛋氨酸[基础代乳粉,基础开食料,限制(restriction,RES)组];第2阶段,9~12周龄,2组羔羊饲喂相同的饲粮(基础开食料+0.40%蛋氨酸)。在8和12周龄末,各选取6对双胞胎羔羊进行屠宰,分离内脏器官并称重。结果表明:1)8周龄,RES组的体重显著低于CON组(P0.05);2~8周龄,RES组平均日增重极显著低于CON组(P0.01),而RES组料重比显著高于CON组(P0.05);9~12周龄,2组平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)8周龄,RES组的宰前活重、空体重、胴体重均显著低于CON组(P0.05),但2组间的屠宰率无显著差异(P0.05);12周龄,RES组和CON组宰前活重、空体重、胴体重、屠宰率均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)8和12周龄,2组的各内脏器官在重量、占宰前活重比例均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)8周龄,RES组的瘤胃重量显著低于CON组(P0.05),其余各胃肠道指数均无显著差异(P0.05);12周龄,2组间各胃肠道指数也无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,限制饲粮蛋氨酸水平降低了羔羊瘤胃重量、生长性能和屠宰性能,恢复饲粮蛋氨酸水平后,羔羊生长性能及内脏器官发育状况也随之恢复。