Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Some Postharvest Characteristics of Cut Gladiolus

In order to apply calcium to the vase solutions of cut gladiolus （Gladiolus hybridus）, the vase life and some physiological characteristics were studied in this article. A gladiolus cultivar, Mascagni, was chosen for experiments, and its cut flowers were held into solutions, which contained calcium acetate, ethylene glycol bis-amino tetmacetate （EGTA）, and water, respectively. The effects of calcium were probed by measuring the ornamental quality of cut gladiolus and the physiological characteristics such as calmodulin （CAM）, abscisic acid （ABA）, gibberellins （GA）, zeatin （ZRs）, endogenous calcium, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and soluble sugar in florets. In a solution of 2 mmol L-1 calcium acetate, the opening rate of cut gladiolus was higher than that of control, and the vase life and ornamental value of flowers were better than that in control and other treatments of calcium acetate. Thus, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate has the best effect on the fresh keeping of cut gladiolus. In petals and bracts of cut gladiolus, the contents of CaM and GA and the ratios of GA/ABA and ZRs/ABA were higher in treatment of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate than that in control, while the contents of ABA and MDA were lower. Compared with the control, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate increased the endogenous calcium contents, and decreased the MDA contents, and alleviated the effects of EGTA on CaM, GA, GA/ABA, and ZRs/ABA. It made the soluble sugar content higher in petals than the control, but lower in bracts. Thus, the solution of 2 mmol L^-1 calcium acetate not only stabilizes the membrane structure of cut gladiolus, but also activates CaM. It thereby controls the endogenous hormone levels, and transports soluble sugar into petals, and increases the vase life of the flower.     

Changes in Some Physiological Characteristics After Full Heading Stage in Flag Leaves of Super High-Yielding Inbred Rice

In a field experiment, rice cultivar Shanyou 63 was used as a check cultivar to investigate the changes in activity of peroxidase and contents of malondialdehyde and soluble protein after full heading stage in flag leaves of two super high-yielding inbred rice, including Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan. The results showed that the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents in the leaves of the three cultivars tended to increase gradually to peak values and thereafter descended during stage after full heading. Moreover, both the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents of Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan peaked at 8 days after full heading, which was compared with that of Shanyou 63 at 4 days later. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde contents in the leaves of the three cultivars increased gradually after full heading stage. In addition, activities of peroxidase and contents of malondialdehyde and soluble protein in different cultivars were various at the same time. In general, for Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan, the peroxidase activities and soluble protein contents were higher than those of Shanyou 63, whereas the malondialdehyde contents were lower compared with that of Shanyou 63. And these features could make the senescence of leaf become later and slower and photosynthetic product was more in Shengtai 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan than that in Shanyou 63.     

The Relation Between Endogenous Hormones and Late-Germination in Buds of Avrolles Apple

In order to provide the physiological bases for selecting late-germination cultivars that can avoid late frost damage, the very late-germination variety Avrolles （Malus domestica） was used to study the relation between the dynamic changes and balance of endogenous hormones and germination time. The concentrations of endogenous GA3, ABA, IAA, and ZR were determined in buds of Avrolles and Judeline （Malus domestica） from dormancy releasing to germination by capillary electrophoresis. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormones concentration in buds of Avrolles and Judeline were similar; but the magnitude and time of the change were significantly different between the two varieties, especially for GA3. GA3 concentration increased with dormancy releasing, then decreased, and increased again before germination in the two varieties. GA3 concentration in Avrolles was 1.72 times that in Judeline at the first peak, the gap increased to 2.22 times at germination. ZR concentration exhibited a continuous increase trend, but it decreased sharply before germination. ZR accumulation in Avrolles took 36 days longer than in Judeline, the peak value was 44% higher than in Judeline. Before germination, ZR concentration in Avrolles was 2.12 times that in Judeline. The differences between IAA and ABA concentration were relatively small in the two varieties, while the ratios of GA3/ABA and （GA3 ＋ IAA ＋ ZR）/ABA in Avrolles were 2.08 and 1.58 times those in Judeline, respectively. The germination of apple bud was regulated by the endogenous hormones. For the late-germination apple Avrolles, its germination requires higher concentration of GA3 and ZR, which leads to the high ratios of GA3/ABA and （GA3＋ IAA＋ ZR）/ABA.     

Study on Variation of Endogenous Hormonesat the Germinating Stage of Tea Spring Shoot

An HPLC method was used to analyze the contents and variation of IAA, GA3, ABA and ZT at five stages around the tea shoot germinating in spring. The contents of GA3 and ABA had a top value during the winter and decreased with the growth of tea shoots, while the contents of IAA and ZT had a low value during the winter and increased quickly at the beginning of shoot growth, but soon afterwards increased slowly or decreesed a little. The ratio of hormones was closely related to the growth of tea plant. The study indicated that the ratlos of GA3 to ABA and IAA to ABA were at low values during the winter and went up with the shoot germinating. When the activity of roots was weak, the ratio of ZT to IAA had a top value, but went down gradually with lmmriant activity of roots. The ratio d GA3 to ZT had a certain relativity with the shoot germinating, which was at a top value during the winter but went down suddenly at the begin-ning of shoot gerrminating.     

Leaf Responses of Micropropagated Apple Plants to Water Stress： Changes in Endogenous Hormones and Their Influence on Carbohydrate Metabolism

The changes in the concentrations of endogenous hormones and their influence on carbohydrate metabolism in leaves of micropropagated Fuji apple plants were studied under water deficiency stress. The results showed that water stress induced a rapid increase in the concentration of abscisic acid （ABA） and led to a decrease in concentrations of both zeatin and gibberellins （GAs）. The concentration of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） changed in an independent manner, which was not correlated with the different levels of water stress. With regard to the carbohydrates, the contents of sorbitol and sucrose increased, whereas the content of starch decreased. The increase in the concentration of ABA was significantly correlated with both the increase in the activity of aldose-6-phosphate reductase （A6PR） and the decrease in the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase （SDH）, indicating that ABA played a regulatory role in sorbitol metabolism. The concentration of ABA was positively correlated to the activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase （SPS） but negatively correlated to the activities of acid invertase （AI） and ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase （ADPGppase） in water-stressed plants, which indicated that ABA promoted sucrose synthesis and inhibited sucrose degradation and starch synthesis at the same time. Under conditions of water stress, the decrease in the level of zeatin was accompanied by a decrease in the activities of SDH and ADPGPPase. GAs concentration showed positive correlation with ADPGPPase activity. IAA showed no significant correlation with any of the enzymes tested in this study. The results of this study suggested that ABA might be one of the key factors regulating the distribution of carbohydrates under water stress. The metabolism of sorbitol and starch under conditions of water stress might be regulated by the combined action of many plant hormones.     

Correlation Between Endogenous Hormones of Stem Apices and Fruit Locule Numbers in Tomatoes During Floral Bud Differentiation Stages

The study was designed to elucidate the changes in the endogenous hormones of stem apices in tomatoes and the function of correlative endogenous hormones in tomatoes during floral bud differentiation stages. The tomato parents were crossed and reverse crossed by using two inbred lines of multi-locule （MLK1） and few-locule （FL1） with significant difference, and the relationship between endogenous hormones GA3, IAA, and ABA levels and ovary locule numbers of parents and progeny during floral bud differentiation initial stage, floral bud differentiation stage, sepal petal formation stage, carpel formation initial stage, and ovary locule complete formation stage was studied. GA3 levels in P1, P2, F1, and RF1 were consistent with locule numbers, and IAA and ABA levels were reverse to ovary locule numbers during the key stage. The correlation showed that, during sepal petal formation stage, the ovary locule numbers were positively correlated with GA3, GA3/IAA, and GA3/ABA, and were negatively correlated with IAA and ABA. It was speculated that increasing GA3 levels or decreasing IAA and ABA levels of stem apices in tomato might be able to enhance ovary locule numbers. The sepal petal formation stage was an important stage which regulated endogenous hormones in the ovary locule formation.     

Antioxidations and Their Correlations with Total Flavones and Anthocyanin Contents in Different Black Rice Varieties

The antioxidations and their correlations with total flavones and anthocyanin contents in different black rice varieties were studied. The results indicated that the great differences in total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, scavenging free radical capacity （SFRC）, total flavones and anthocyanin contents existed among 242 black rice varieties. Comparisons of TAC, SFRC, total flavones and anthocyanin contents of different black rice types showed that the differences between black rice and white rice, indica one and japonica one, and nonglutinous one and glutinous one were significant at 0.01 levels, respectively. This showed that the TAC, SFRC, total flavones and anthocyanin contents of japonica type were higher than those of indica one, and nonglutinous type were higher than glutinous one. According to the fast clustering procedure, 242 black rice varieties could be clustered into 10 clusters, 184 indica rice varieties into 10 clusters, and 58 japonica rice varieties into 6 clusters. Most significant （P〈0.01） correlations existed between TAC and total flavones and anthocyanin contents, and between SFRC and total flavones and anthocyanin contents of black rice, respectively. This showed that the antioxidation of black rice was closely correlated with its active compositions of flavones and anthocyanin.     

Effects of chilling tolerance induced by spermidine pretreatment on antioxidative activity,endogenous hormones and ultrastructure of indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings

Spermidine(Spd) is known to be involved in the regulation of plant responses to chilling stress and counteract the adverse effect of stress conditions.Antioxidant activities,endogenous hormones and ultrastructure change under chilling stress were investigated in indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings.12-d-old seedlings were subjected to exogenous Spd(1 mmol L~(-1)) and then a chilling stress(6℃,4 d) was induced,followed by a subsequent recovery(25℃,4 d).Results showed that malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline content were enhanced significantly,whereas shoot fresh and dry weights decreased during chilling stress and after recovery;chlorophyll content of chilling-stressed seedlings increased slightly but declined after recovery;additionally,total soluble sugar,sucrose,fructose and starch contents increased significantly during chilling stress,and only soluble sugar and fructose contents were observed in increase after recovery;chilling stress-induced increases in superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities,but declined after recovery,and the level of ascorbate peroxidase was lower during chilling stress and after recovery;however,endogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),zeatin riboside(ZR),gibberellic acid(GA_3),and abscisic acid(ABA) levels were induced decreased compared with Spd pretreatment.The microscopic analysis revealed that chilling stress-induced destruction of the chloroplast envelope during chilling stress and increased the number of plastoglobuli along with aberrations in thylakoid membranes after recovery.In contrast,exogenous Spd protected rice seedlings from chilling-induced injuries in terms of lower malondialdehyde,proline and carbohydrates accumulation coupled with increased endogenous hormones metabolism.After recovery,Spd pretreatment chilling-exposed seedlings showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and normal physiological function of chloroplasts.These results suggest that Spd could promote effectively chilling tolerance which might be largely attributable to the integrity of cell structure and normal metabolism of endogenous hormones in indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings.     

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.     

Relationship between the Contents of MDA, the Activity of SOD in Serum of the Milk Goat with Fluorosis and the Erythrocytic Membrane Liquidity

To research the relation among the erythrooytic membrane liquidity and the contents of MPA, the activity of SOD in serum of the milk goat with fluorosis. An animal model with fluorosia was constructed, and the fluorescent probe technique of DPH was used to measue the erythrocytic membrane liquidity. At the same time, the contents of MPA and the activity of SOD in serum were measured. The results showed that the erythrocytic membrane liquidity in the control group and flurosis group were 5.6742 ± 0.4417 and 3.7248 ± 0.4521 (P ＜0.01) respectively, the contents of MPA in serum were 2.0408 ± 0.198 and 4.494± 0.438 (P ＜0.01) respectively, the activities of SOD were 175.638 ± 22.201 and 113.714 ± 34.258 (P ＜0.01) respectively. The correlation analysis indicated that the relation between the activity of SOD and the liquidity of erythrocytic membrane was positive correlation ( r=0.7321, P ＜0.05), whereas the relation between the contents of MPA and the liquidity of erythrocytic membrane was negative correlation (r = -0.6438, P ＜0.01). The erythrocytio membrane liquidity decreased in milk goat with fluorosis, which played a role in the occurrence and development of the fluorosis. There was correlation among the erythrocytic membrane liquidity and the contents of MDA, the activity of SOD.     

外源ABA对两粒色小麦品种穗发芽及品质的影响

【目的】西南麦区收获季多阴雨导致籽粒易穗发芽是造成该区域小麦品质变劣和商品性差的重要影响因素。研究脱落酸（ABA）喷施时期和喷施浓度对小麦穗发芽抑制效果及其对小麦籽粒品质的影响,提出适宜该区域的ABA喷施组合技术模式,为生产上利用植物生长调节剂调控穗发芽和改善小麦品质提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】以易穗发芽白皮小麦品种中科麦138和抗穗发芽红皮小麦品种绵麦367为试验材料,在灌浆初期（15 DAA）、灌浆后期（30 DAA）以及生理成熟期（35DAA）,喷施不同浓度ABA（0、50、100 mg·L ^-1）,研究其对两粒色小麦品种穗发芽表型,灌浆期间α-淀粉酶活性、籽粒可溶性糖和淀粉含量动态,收获后籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量、沉淀值,淀粉组分及RVA特征值的影响。【结果】（1）花后喷施不同浓度ABA对小麦穗发芽均有抑制作用,2个年度均以花后30 d喷施抑制发芽效果最好;收获期雨水较少年份（2018年）施用50 mg·L ^-1喷施浓度即可,中科麦138生理成熟期及蜡熟期的粒发芽率较对照下降13.8和3.8个百分点,绵麦367则较对照下降23.5和9.7个百分点;收获期雨水较多年份（2019年）则以100 mg·L ^-1喷施浓度抑制作用更优,中科麦138生理成熟期及蜡熟期的粒发芽率较对照下降22.5和19.6个百分点,绵麦367则较对照下降10.0和12.0个百分点;同时,不同时期不同浓度ABA处理后对种子发芽的抑制作用均在收获后60 d得以解除,不影响后续正常发芽。（2）外源喷施ABA后可降低α-淀粉酶活性,对穗发芽敏感期（花后35—45 d）α-淀粉酶活性抑制作用显著,以花后30 d喷施抑制效应最好,该时期喷施100 mg·L ^-1ABA,花后45 d籽粒α-淀粉酶活性较对照下降30.1%,可溶性糖含量较对照下降41.9%,而淀粉含量较对照提高10.2个百分点,淀粉水解受到抑制。（3）喷施ABA后可提高蛋白质质量,100 mg·L ^-1喷施浓度处理的沉淀值较CK提高4.3%—8.8%;外源喷施ABA对籽粒淀粉组分及面粉糊化特性影响更大,处理后支链淀粉含量增加进而总淀粉含量增加;100 mg·L ^-1喷施浓度处理的支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别较CK增加8.1和7.6个百分点,直/支比下降18.2%,面粉糊化特性进一步改善,降落值、峰值粘度和崩解值提升,随浓度增大呈增加趋势,100 mg·L ^-1喷施浓度处理的降落值、峰值粘度和崩解值较CK提高幅度分别为20.9%—24.2%、26.5%—51.4%和12.4%—43.4%。【结论】西南麦区于花后30 d喷施50—100 mg·L ^-1ABA,可有效抑制穗发芽敏感期α-淀粉酶活性,抑制淀粉水解,降低穗发芽率和粒发芽率,提高蛋白质质量,并可增加支链淀粉含量和总淀粉含量,降低直/支比,改善面粉的糊化特性,可作为西南麦区生育后期增强小麦穗发芽抗性及减损提质的重要栽培管理措施,建议加大其示范与推广力度。     

水稻穗发芽研究进展

作物收获前的穗发芽是一个严重的全球性农业生产问题。经过漫长的驯化过程,栽培作物的休眠 水平普遍低于野生祖先。尽管休眠期的缩短可能提高作物的繁殖代数和农业产值,但过早的休眠释放使作物在 成熟收获前发生穗萌发,造成巨大的经济损失。从穗发芽的生理基础、穗发芽相关 QTL 和基因、穗发芽防控及 展望等方面对水稻穗发芽现象进行梳理,认为高含水量是水稻种子萌发和穗发芽的先决条件,该过程中,淀粉 酶活性增强和可溶性糖含量升高为穗发芽提供能量,水稻籽粒中植物激素 ABA 和 GA 的含量及种子对二者的敏 感性是决定穗发芽的关键所在。近年来,穗发芽相关 QTL 及其功能基因的挖掘为阐明水稻穗萌机理以及培育穗 发芽抗性品种提供重要依据。从长远来看,广泛开展水稻种质资源鉴评,尤其在野生稻、地方品种中寻找丢失 的休眠基因,并通过分子育种途径聚集此类基因,培育抗穗萌品系（品种）,对于解决穗发芽问题、提高水稻 产量和品质、保证国家粮食安全具有重要意义。     

外源脱落酸和冠菌素对小麦籽粒萌芽的影响

[目的]通过研究外源脱落酸(ABA)和冠菌素(COR)对小麦籽粒萌芽的影响,探索COR用于防治小麦收获期穗发芽的可行性。[方法]以易穗发芽的白皮小麦品种济麦22和抗穗发芽的红皮小麦品种扬麦16为材料,以不同浓度ABA和COR处理两品种小麦籽粒后进行萌芽,测定萌芽率、芽长以及萌芽过程中的α-淀粉酶活性。[结果]38μmol/L以上浓度的ABA处理和0.05μmol/L以上浓度的COR处理均对两品种籽粒的萌发及芽的生长表现出显著的抑制作用,且COR抑制小麦种子萌发的生物活性约为ABA的200～1 500倍;浓度高于76μmol/L的ABA和0.05μmol/L的COR对两品种小麦籽粒萌发过程中的α-淀粉酶活性有抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制程度越大。[结论]ABA和COR可能通过抑制α-淀粉酶活性来抑制小麦籽粒的萌发和芽的生长;同浓度同一抑制剂处理下,白皮的济麦22萌芽及α-淀粉酶活性受抑制的程度显著高于扬麦16。该研究为COR用作控制大田小麦收获期穗发芽的可行性提供理论依据。     

水稻穗发芽调控基因OsVP1的RNA干涉载体构建及遗传转化研究

【目的】穗发芽是种子在收获前遇到阴雨潮湿环境时,在田间母体植株上发芽的现象,是水稻生产中的一个重要限制因素。水稻穗发芽的表现性状和玉米种子特异的viviparous1(vp1)突变体表型非常相似。VP1是种子成熟和休眠所必须的脱落酸信号转导途径中的重要转录因子,因此利用转基因技术研究水稻同源基因OsVP1的生物学功能对有效控制杂交水稻穗发芽的发生和危害具有重要意义。【方法】将水稻OsVP1片段导入到植物表达载体pHB,构建OsVP1的RNA干涉植物表达载体pHB-OsVP1RNAi;通过根癌农杆菌介导转入水稻品种日本晴,并获得阳性植株。【结果】半定量RT-PCR分析显示,转基因植株胚中的OsVP1表达量明显低于野生型日本晴植株;萌发试验表明,转基因植株T1种子的萌发速率与野生型日本晴相比有明显的提高。并且在外加不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA)处理的溶液中,与野生型日本晴相比转基因种子萌发速率所受到的抑制较小;同时,在转基因植株T2新收获的稻穗的萌发试验表明,转基因的稻穗出现了明显的穗发芽现象。【结论】水稻OsVP1的RNA干涉能够提高种子的萌发速率以及诱发稻穗的穗发芽。     

控释氮肥对水稻叶片内源激素含量及平衡的影响

以杂交水稻为试验材料,探讨了控释氮肥对水稻叶片中吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉酸(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)等内源激素含量的影响,并研究了不同处理水稻叶片中4种内源激素间的平衡关系.结果表明,与尿素相比较,控释氮肥能够显著提高早、晚稻各时期叶片中IAA,ZR和GA3等内源激素的含量,降低ABA含量.控释氮肥提高IAA,ZR和GA3含量效果最显著的时期是在孕穗至孕穗后第16天,而降低ABA含量效果最显著的时期是在孕穗后16～32d.控释氮肥处理早、晚稻各时期叶片中的IAA/(IAA ABA ZR GA3)值均显著高于尿素处理,ABA/(IAA ABA ZR GA3)值均低于尿素处理,两处理间的ZR/(IAA ABA ZR GA3),GA3/(IAA ABA ZR GA3)值差异不明显.由于水稻叶片中内源激素含量及平衡与水稻产量密切相关,因此,控释氮肥通过对水稻叶片中内源激素含量及平衡的调控,较施用尿素可以增产9.5%(早稻)和6.9%(晚稻).     

胺苯磺隆胁迫对水稻幼苗保护酶与内源激素的影响(英文)

[目的]通过研究低浓度的胺苯磺隆引起不同叶龄水稻叶片中保护酶和内源激素含量的变化,探讨超低浓度胺苯磺隆的促生长效应的生理机制。[方法]通过土培法用2个浓度胺苯磺隆分别处理不同叶龄的水稻,15d后采集水稻叶片,用愈创木酚-过氧化氢法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性,用邻苯二酚法测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,用ELISA法测定水稻叶片中GA、ZR、ABA的含量。[结果]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg(干土)处理后水稻叶中PPO活性提高,POD活性降低但接近对照,GA、ZR含量显著增加,ABA含量则减少,GA/ABA的比值高于对照。胺苯磺隆20μg/kg处理,水稻叶中POD活性明显提高,PPO活性低于对照但接近对照,GA、ZR含量均显著减少,ABA含量则显著增加,GA/ABA的比值低于对照。7叶期处理的水稻叶片中3种激素含量与对照的差异最小。[结论]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg处理水稻,叶片内GA/ABA比值大于对照,对水稻生长有促进作用,20μg/kg浓度时,则GA/ABA比值明显小于对照,水稻生长受到抑制,同时,胺苯磺隆对7叶期水稻生长效应弱于4叶期前的水稻。     

胺苯磺隆胁迫对水稻幼苗保护酶与内源激素的影响

[目的]通过研究低浓度的胺苯磺隆引起不同叶龄水稻叶片中保护酶和内源激素含量的变化,探讨超低浓度胺苯磺隆促生长效应的生理机制。[方法]通过土培法用2个浓度胺苯磺隆分别处理不同叶龄的水稻,15 d后采集水稻叶片,用愈创木酚-过氧化氢法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性,用邻苯二酚法测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,用ELISA法测定水稻叶片中GA、ZR、ABA的含量。[结果]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg(干土)处理后水稻叶中PPO活性提高,POD活性降低但接近对照,GA、ZR含量显著增加,ABA含量则减少,GA/ABA的比值高于对照;胺苯磺隆20μg/kg处理,水稻叶中POD活性明显提高,PPO活性低于对照但接近对照,GA、ZR含量均显著减少,ABA含量则显著增加,GA/ABA的比值低于对照。7叶期处理的水稻叶片中3种激素含量与对照的差异最小。[结论]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg处理水稻,叶片内GA/ABA比值大于对照,对水稻生长有促进作用,20μg/kg浓度时,则GA/ABA比值明显小于对照,水稻生长受到抑制,同时,胺苯磺隆对7叶期水稻生长效应弱于4叶期前的水稻。     

2个油茶品种种子萌发过程中激素生理初探

比较了岑溪软枝油茶和三江81号种子的萌发情况,并采用反相HPLC法探讨了岑溪软枝油茶和三江81号在种子萌发过程中ZR,GA3,IAA和ABA这4种植物主要的内源激素的动态变化规律和比值变化。结果表明,岑溪软枝油茶发芽稍早于三江81号,发芽率高于三江81号。在种子萌发过程中,激素变化趋势类似,岑溪软枝油茶中的ZR,GA3,IAA激素总体水平都要高于三江81号,但在岑溪软枝油茶中ABA的降低速度和幅度都要大于三江81号,激素含量动态变化及比值变化与种子萌发情况表现出相关性,对油茶种子萌发过程的生理生化变化取得了更进一步的了解。     

抑制剂对灌浆期淀粉酶幼胚及穗发芽影响研究

在单一抑制剂的基础上筛选了几种综合抑制剂，并在灌浆期中进行了喷施，测定了抑制剂对灌浆期中的淀粉酶活性，分析了抑制剂与幼胚关系，观察统计了灌浆期中抑制剂与穗发芽率相关关系，讨论了穗发芽的相关因素，认为湿度饱和是稻穗种子萌发的诱因，内存酶的激活是穗发芽的关键，抑制剂有效的降低了淀粉酶活性，提高了稻穗种子的抑制剂的浓度，使穗发芽得到有效的抑制。     

水稻种子成熟后期高湿环境下种子休眠相关基因的表达

为探讨水稻种子成熟后期持续阴雨天气影响种子休眠的分子机制,将成熟后期水稻放置于人工气候室（12 h光照/28 ℃,12 h黑暗/22 ℃,相对湿度为60%,光量子通量密度为600 μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1）并定时喷水（每3 h喷水1次,每桶水稻每次喷水500 mL,共处理5 d）模拟持续阴雨条件来处理开花后26、28、30、32 d的粳稻,检测其穗上发芽的情况。用同样处理条件对开花后30 d的水稻种子进行高湿处理,检测高湿处理后不同时间点的种子中ABA和GA生物合成和代谢,以及α-淀粉水解酶等相关基因的动态表达情况。结果显示,种子成熟度是受高湿诱导的穗发芽的一个重要影响因素,粳稻Dongjin开花后26 d与28 d的种子经高湿处理后少有萌发,开花后30 d及以上的种子高湿处理后大多数能萌发;高湿处理能够快速诱导脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）降解途径基因OsABA8ox1、OsABA8ox3和赤霉素（gibberellin,GA）合成基因OsGA3ox2和OsGA20ox1的表达,同时抑制ABA合成关键基因OsNECD1、OsNECD2和OsNECD3的表达;喷水处理72 h后,α-淀粉水解酶基因OsAmy1A、OsAmy3B、OsAmy3C和OsAmy3D的表达量快速上调,促进淀粉水解,为种子萌发提供物质和能量。该研究结果将为解析成熟期水稻在多雨高湿环境下诱发穗发芽的分子机制提供基础。