巴拉圭瓜多竹适生区分布研究

利用巴拉圭瓜多竹在南美洲的23个分布样点及中国云南引种试种的3个分布样点,19个全球气候变量,通过MaxEnt模型进行最建模分析,获得巴拉圭瓜多竹在全球的适生区分布状况及影响其分布最相关的气候变量。主要结论为:巴拉圭瓜多竹适生区主要集中分布在南美洲,中美洲、非洲中部、大洋洲、东南亚的部分地区也有分布;影响巴拉圭瓜多竹分布的最主要的气候变量是年降水量、最暖季度降水量、温度季节性变化标准差;加入中国云南的分布样点后,巴拉圭瓜多竹的适生区分布范围有所增加,尤其在东南亚最为明显,原因可能是巴拉圭瓜多竹的对环境变量的适应范围大于原分布地的环境变量区间。研究可为巴拉圭瓜多竹的引种和产业化种植选址提供科学参考。     

巴拉圭实心竹繁育技术

在云南景洪市对从巴西引进的巴拉圭实心竹进行繁育试验研究,总结了该竹种的分篼、埋节、埋秆等繁育技术。研究认为：分篼和埋节是巴拉圭实心竹最适合的繁育手段;而埋秆育苗成活率较低,其原因还需要进一步观察试验。本研究为南美竹种引种和繁育提供了前期经验。     

大别山冬青引种栽培技术

介绍了大别山冬青的产地、分布、形态特征、生态学习性及园林用途等,报道了引种、栽培和繁育大别山冬青的概况及在南京地区的生长发育情况,初步总结出了大别山冬青的引种、栽培和繁殖技术。     

沾化冬枣在南方的引种试验

指出了沾化冬枣是我国鲜食枣的最佳品种之一 ,皮薄肉脆质细 ,细嫩多汁 ,口感甘甜清香 ,营养丰富 ,深受消费者的喜爱.近年来 ,浙江省东阳市的枣农引种沾化冬枣 ,通过架设大棚、科学施肥、整形修剪、保花保果 ,精心管理 ,获得了成功.系统地总结了沾化冬枣在南方引种的管理经验和技术措施.     

台湾臼齿泡桐的特性与造林技术

<正> 近几年在南美的巴西、巴拉圭、阿根廷、玻利维亚以及东南亚的印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、巴布亚新几内亚等国都在引种栽培臼齿泡桐。臼齿泡桐已成为世界各地深受注目的速生树种。     

湖北孝昌鲜食枣引种筛选试验初报

为丰富湖北林果市场,本研究从1999年开始引入山东沾化冬枣、山西临猗梨枣、陕西雪枣等鲜食枣果在湖北孝昌县进行引种栽培[1]。通过比较沾化冬枣等引种地与原产地气候概况、适应性、丰产性及果实品质,得出了在鄂北低丘岗地、阳光充足、排水良好的地块栽培山东沾化冬枣表现最好,山西临猗梨枣、陕西雪枣要差些[2]。     

豫北太行山区沾化冬枣的引种及栽培技术

豫北太行山区沾化冬枣引种栽培试验,4年生枣树平均株产达9.2 kg,表现出良好的丰产结果习性,说明该品种非常适合在太行山区生长,可推广生产。通过观察其性状表现以及主要栽培技术和病虫害综合防治等方面的经验介绍,为太行山区其它地方引种栽培沾化冬枣提供科学依据和宝贵经验。     

优良笋用竹种引种试验总结报告

1987年冬和1988年冬二次从浙江引种六个笋用竹种1.56万株,成活率达90％以上,发笋率达80％以上,新竹的秆基粗度已达到母竹的粗度,引种是成功的。本文分析了各引种环节的技术效果。     

西伯利亚“冬红花楸”选育及栽培技术探讨

1997年从俄罗斯新西伯利亚中心植物园引种了西伯利亚花楸种苗。经过10余年的观测及对照试验,选育出了优良品种"冬红花楸"。该品种抗逆性强,栽培性状优良,观赏价值高,其果实中含多种生物活性物质,具有极高的营养价值,是一个优良的园林绿化和经济林树种,完全适合引种地气候环境,综合性状明显优于对照树种百花花楸。并在其引种驯化过程中总结出了其繁育栽培技术要点。     

紫胶虫的分化现象

紫胶虫是尿同翘目胶蚧科的一种体型微小的昆虫。其分泌物——紫胶,在工业上有着广泛的用途,是重要的工业原料。从1961年开始,我省即多次由云南老区引种放养。在云南老区,紫胶虫的涌散时间是比较一致的,例如:在我省曾进行过引种的墨江和龙陵两地,夏代幼虫开始涌散的时间一般在4月下旬、冬代在9月下旬。但是,夏代引种我省后,由其所产生的第二代(即当年冬代)卵的胚胎发育速率和幼虫出现的日期不同个体差异很大,表现出     

Agroforestry systems with Ilex paraguariensis (American holly or yerba mate) and native timber trees on small farms in Misiones, Argentina

In Misiones, in the northeast of Argentina, agroforestry systems of timber trees and perennial cash crops are becoming increasingly common. We evaluated the productivity of Ilex paraguariensis St Hill (South American holly or yerba mate, Aquifoliaceae) in association with indigenous trees: Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vellozo) Morong. (timbó, Leguminosae, a N₂-fixing tree), and two timber species, Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engler) Engler (guatambú, Rutaceae) and Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vellozo) Toledo (lapacho negro, Bignoniaceae). Five years after planting, the tree species were 2.7 to 5.0 m high and 3 to 7 cm in diameter at breast height, and the yerba mate produced its first harvest. Additionally, the production of associated crops of subsistence covered the annual needs of the farmer. These systems are promising for sustainable use of deforested lands in the region.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

Biochemical and anatomical features of adventitious rhizogenesis in apical and basal mini-cuttings of Ilex paraguariensis

New Forests - In order to better understand the physiological and technical aspects of yerba mate vegetative propagation, the present study sought to evaluate the rhizogenic capacity of apical and...     

Caffeic and chlorogenic acids in Ilex paraguariensis extracts are the main inhibitors of AGE generation by methylglyoxal in model proteins

The present study concentrates on the evaluation of the anti-glycation effect of some bioactive substances present in yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis): 5-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid and a sapogenin (oleanolic acid). Bovine serum albumin and histones were incubated in the presence of methylglyoxal with or without the addition of 5-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid and oleanolic acid. After the incubation period, advanced glycation end product (AGE) fluorescence spectra were performed and protein structural changes were evaluated by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid are the main substances responsible for the anti-glycation effect of maté tea.     

我国鹅耳枥属植物种质资源与引种栽培研究

鹅耳枥属植物具有重要的观赏价值、药用价值和工业价值。中国具有丰富的鹅耳枥属种质资源,但未引起人们在科研和生产等方面的重视。为了充分开发和利用该属植物,文中综述了国内外鹅耳枥属植物种质资源开发利用价值、分布与保存、种群特性、引种驯化等方面的研究进展,提出了研究存在的不足以及今后的研究展望,旨在进一步推动鹅耳枥属植物种质资源的深入研究与应用。     

冬青属种质资源及其园林应用研究进展

冬青属植物种质资源丰富,园艺品种多样,叶、花、果等具有优良的观赏特性,抗性较强,具有广泛的园林应用价值和药用价值。文中综述了冬青属种质资源的分类、调查与引进,从植物学、生物化学、分子生物学角度阐述了种质资源研究进展,并介绍了冬青属植物的园林应用,提出目前我国冬青属种质资源研究与应用存在的问题,以及今后应加强种质资源调查和保存、加速优良种质资源繁育和引进、深入探索冬青属种质资源的药用价值等建议,旨在为冬青属种质资源的研究与应用提供参考。     

Using agroforestry to improve soil fertility: effects of intercropping on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ilex paraguariensis</Emphasis> (yerba mate) plantations with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Araucaria angustifolia</Emphasis>

This study assessed the use of agroforestry to improve soil nutrient properties in plantations containing Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire (yerba mate). Intercropping within tree plantation systems is widely practiced by farmers around the World, but the influence of different species combinations on system performance still requires further investigation. I. paraguariensis is a major South American crop commonly cultivated in intensive monocultures on low activity clay soils, which are highly prone to nutrient deficiencies. Study plots were established in 20 plantations in Misiones, Argentina. These involved two species combinations (I. paraguariensis monoculture and I. paraguariensis intercropped with the native tree species Araucaria angustifolia) and two age classes (30 and 50 years old). Chemical soil samples were analysed to determine Ca, Mg, K, P, N, C and Al concentrations, effective CEC (eCEC) and pH at two soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm). In the younger plantations, the agroforestry sites had lower nutrient levels than I. paraguariensis monoculture sites. However, the monoculture plantations were more susceptible than agroforestry sites to a decline in soil nutrient status over time, particularly with respect to Ca, eCEC, N and C for both soil depths. P concentrations were below detection limits for all sites, potentially reflecting the high P-fixing capacity of the kaolinic soils of this region. While agroforestry systems may be better at maintaining soil quality over time, significant growth increase of I. paraguariensis was apparent only for the monoculture sites.     

Introduced <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus</Emphasis> psyllids in Brazil

In the last 10 years, four species of psyllid were detected in Brazil on eucalypts: Ctenarytaina spatulata in 1994, Blastopsylla occidentalis in 1997, Ctenarytaina eucalypti in 1998 and Glycaspis brimblecombei in 2003. The latter two are serious pests in several countries. In Brazil, G. brimblecombei caused significant damage to the eucalypt plantations in the first years of its introduction. Now this pest is under control due to the programmes of integrated pest management, where the parasitoid is the principal control agent. The four eucalypt psyllid species introduced into Brazil are presented with information on distribution, hosts, biology and control.     

Introduction of Pinus radiata for afforestation： a review with reference to Aba, China

Pinus radiata D. Don, native to a Californian coastal environment, has been introduced to many parts of the world as an exotic species for afforestation. It is now a major plantation species in the Southern Hemisphere. In 1990, it was introduced to the heavily degraded, dry Min river valley area in Aba prefecture of Sichuan Province, P. R. China. Survival and growth of young trees planted at several sites appear to be reasonable. This review is to serve as an introduction to the large body of literature on P.radiata for forest scientists in China. It covers the following aspects: P. radiata in its native environment and in ex situ plantations,provenance and genetic variations, environmental limitations and climate niche, diseases and pests, lessons from unsuccessful introductions, and the use of P. radiata for ecological restoration. The early growth of P. radiata planted in the dry river valley area is briefly described. Potential problems associated with the introduction of P. radiata in Aba and future research needs are also identified.