天麻主要性状的杂种优势分析

对红天麻（G.elataf.flavida)和乌天麻（G.elataf.glauca)有性杂交种及其无性繁殖一代和无性繁殖二代的鲜天麻重量，繁殖倍数，折干率，天麻素含量，氨基酸总量分析表明：所有性状平均优势和超亲优势都十分显著。通过有性杂交选育优良杂交种，培育无性系固定杂种优势是生产上大幅度提高天麻产量和品质十分重要的途径。     

芸薹属农作物种间杂交的亲和性

白菜、芥菜和甘蓝型油菜同为芸薹属重要农作物，属于不同的种。沈阳农业大学冯辉等首先发现了大白菜核基因雄性不育复等位基因遗传现象，提出了雄性不育“复等位基因遗传假说”，育成了具有100％不育株率的核基因雄性不育系。通过有性杂交，将该不育基因转入多种生态型的大白菜和     

大棚春番茄器官发育与环境要素的关系分析

以无限生长型番茄品种金鹏1号为试材,采用回归分析、相关分析和通径分析法研究了春茬番茄器官发育(包括株高H、绿叶数L、坐果率F、果实体积V)与环境要素的动态关系。结果表明:对株高变化影响最大的环境因子是X1(上午光合有效辐射积),而X5(周均上半夜有效地温积)和X2(周均下午光合有效辐射积)主要是通过X1而间接影响株高的变化;对绿叶数变化影响最大的环境因子是X5,而X14(周均下半夜有效气温积)主要是通过X5而间接影响绿叶数的变化;对坐果率变化影响最大的环境因子是X4(周均下午有效地温积),而X11(周均上午有效气温积),X13(周均上半夜有效气温积)、X14、X6(周均下半夜有效地温积)和X12(周均下午有效气温积)主要是通过X4而间接影响坐果率的变化;对果实体积变化影响最大的环境因子是X3(周均上午有效地温积),而X12、X13、X11和X6主要是通过X3而间接影响果实体积的变化。     

不同浓度赤霉素对打破洋桔梗簇叶化的影响

试验研究不同浓度的赤霉素对打破洋桔梗簇叶化的影响。结果表明:摘心处理2个月后,CK(清水)处理的洋桔梗90%发生簇叶化,表明赤霉素对降低洋桔梗簇化率有效。赤霉素浓度对洋桔梗生长势的影响为150 mg/L100 mg/L50 mg/L清水,150 mg/L赤霉素处理对洋桔梗株高、茎粗和小花数影响显著,但对叶片数影响不显著,从而证明赤霉素是通过促进节间的伸长来促进整株植株生长,而不是通过促进节数的增加来促进植株的生长。     

蜜环菌不同菌株对天麻产量的影响

蜜环菌(Armillariella mellea)不同菌株与天麻(Gastrodia elata)进行伴栽试验，研究蜜环菌不同菌株对天麻产量的影响。结果表明，蜜环菌不同菌株对天麻产量具有一定的影响，蜜环菌菌株M1能显著提高天麻产量，室内瓶栽和室内地栽(室内地面覆土栽培)试验均表现出良好的伴栽效果，适应性强。     

汉中地区天麻萌发菌遗传多样性和促萌效果分析

以汉中地区9株天麻萌发菌及天麻花粉种子为试材,采用拮抗试验、ITS序列测定、酯酶同工酶技术和种子拌播等方法,研究了9株天麻萌发菌的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和促萌效果,以期为天麻萌发菌的种质资源管理与评价等提供参考依据。结果表明：9株萌发菌根据两两拮抗试验的程度不同分为不显著、显著和极显著3类;根据ITS序列的差异分为Mycena sp.和Heydenia sp. 2类;根据酯酶同工酶酶谱条带在80%的相似水平上可分为5类;9株萌发菌与天麻种子共生萌发,其中C3菌株菌丝生长速度最高为(0.30±0.01)cm·d^-1,C2菌株的萌发率最高为64.66%±2.89%,C2和C3菌株的综合表现最佳。     

木薯加工废弃物转化基质在辣椒育苗上的应用效果

以木薯加工废弃物为主要原料配制而成的2个育苗基质ZH-1和ZH-2与市售的2个育苗基质进行辣椒育苗效果对比。结果表明,不同基质对辣椒幼苗生长影响有显著差异。基质ZH-1和ZH-2培育的幼苗在壮苗率、病苗率、弱苗率、成苗率,株高、茎粗、根长、一级侧根数、叶片数,地上部和根及植株总鲜质量、植株总干质量和壮苗指数等各种性状指标方面表现出较好的优势,其生长迅速,成苗率高。ZH—1和ZH-2育苗效果好、生产成本低,可在生产上推广应用。     

不同光照条件对一串红“猩红皇后”幼苗生长的影响

通过搭建黑色网纱对一串红新品种"猩红皇后"的幼苗进行了不同光照强度的试验。结果表明:不同光照条件对一串红幼苗的株高、地径、叶量、叶面积、茎叶及根系的鲜干重有不同影响,遮光率为60%左右有利于幼苗的株高、地径、叶片数、叶面积的增长,也有利于根系的生长;遮光率为90%以上对幼苗生长有负作用;不同遮光处理对幼苗生长的影响发生明显变化在1周以后,18 d后60%遮光处理组与70%相比生长优势明显。     

水分胁迫对天麻产量的影响

目的：研究水分胁迫对天麻产量的影响，为其规范化种植提供科学依据。方法：采用随机区组设计，对天麻进行水分胁迫处理，测定天麻总产量、箭麻、白麻和米麻产量，并对试验结果进行方差分析。结果：干旱胁迫降低天麻茎的水势和天麻产量。杂种天麻能显著减轻水分胁迫的负影响和提高天麻产量。     

不同播种密度与播种质量对红葱生长及产量的影响

以红葱为试材,采用2因素3水平正交实验设计,在不同播种密度(15、25、35粒·穴~(-1))和播种质量(0.5、1.5、2.5g·粒~(-1))处理条件下对红葱出苗率、株高、假茎粗、叶片数及分蘖数进行分析,研究了不同播种密度和播种质量对红葱生长及产量的影响。结果表明:不同播种密度和播种质量对红葱出苗率、株高、假茎粗、叶片数、分蘖数及产量均有显著影响。当播种密度为25粒·穴-1时,播种质量为2.5g·粒~(-1)时,红葱生长较好,红葱单位面积产量最高,适宜在宁夏地区推广种植。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.