连云港市区超市蔬菜有机磷农药残留状况与分析

为了解连云港市超市蔬菜有机磷农药残留状况,对连云港市区超市蔬菜进行了抽样检测,并应用气相色谱法进行定性定量分析,主要分析了有机磷类农药残留量.从检测结果可以看出,有机磷农药残留超标的样品主要集中在7-9月份,超标品种主要是绿叶类蔬菜.     

蔬菜农药残留监测结果与发展对策

蔬菜作为人们每天必不可少的食用农产品,其农药残留超标问题,直接影响到人民的身体健康,已引起了各级政府的高度重视和全社会的广泛关注.温岭市农产品质量检验监督站从2002年开始在蔬菜病虫害发生比较普遍、用药比较频繁的5～11月份,对全市主要无公害蔬菜生产基地以及太平街道菜市场的蔬菜开展了全面、系统的农药残留监测工作.2002～2003年对抽检的样品先通过速测筛选,对速测不合格的样品再进行气相色谱定量检测,确定其残留超标的农药品种和残留量;2004年,针对速测仪器只能检测蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类和有机磷农药是否超标,而难于检测蔬菜生产上使用比较普遍的拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量是否超标的问题,在对所有抽检的蔬菜样品通过速测的同时,均进行气相色谱定量检测.本文现就我市蔬菜农药残留的检测状况、存在问题与发展对策进行剖析,供参考.     

连云港市区超市蔬菜有机磷农药残留状况分析

为了解连云港市超市蔬菜有机磷农药残留状况,对连云港市区超市蔬菜进行了抽样检测,并应用气相色谱法进行定性定量分析,主要分析了有机磷类农药残留量。从检测结果可以看出,有机磷农药残留超标的样品主要集中在7-9月份,超标品种主要是绿叶类蔬菜。     

速测仪在蔬菜农药残留检测中的应用

蔬菜农药残留快速检测的主要仪器——速测仪是通过生化方法快速检测蔬菜中的农药残留,避免农药含量超标的蔬菜流入市场。本文对速测仪法的原理进行阐述,分析了该方法在蔬菜农药残留检测中的具体应用及注意事项。     

绿叶菜类蔬菜农药残留分布与原因分析

对滨州市绿叶菜类蔬菜农药残留进行了检测,以了解绿叶菜类蔬菜不同品种农药残留分布情况,并对其原因进行分析.结果表明:共检测蔬菜样品246个,蔬菜样品检出121个;检出超标蔬菜7个品种23个样品,超标最多的是芹菜11个,占超标总样品数的47.8％;共检出农药16种,检出次数221次,检出最多的是氯氰菊酯,超标农药最多的是毒死蜱,以芹菜的毒死蜱超标最多,占总超标数的29.2％.主要原因是叶类蔬菜易于吸收农药,使用高毒违禁农药,施用农药浓度过高,菜农忽视农药安全间隔期,政府有关法规不健全等.     

湖南省猕猴桃果实农药残留水平与评价

为明确湖南省猕猴桃果实农药残留情况,2019年利用液相色谱-质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对63个样品果实进行分析,通过单因子污染指数和综合污染指数进行评价.结果表明:本次检出农残的样品数为43个,占样品总数的68.25％.共检测了70种农药,其中检出农药21种,农药品种检出率为30％.21种农药品种中多菌灵的检出率占28....     

新昌县蔬菜农药残留监测分析

对新昌县生产基地和农贸市场随机采集的共246份蔬菜样本进行了农药残留检测,检测有机磷类、有机氯类、拟除虫菊酯类和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留22项。结果表明,检出农药残留样本36份,总检出率为14.6%,农药超标样本4份,总超标率为1.6%。第三季度蔬菜的农药残留全年最高,检出率和超标率分别为22.1%和4.4%。不同种类的蔬菜农药残留检出率排序为叶菜类豆类芸薹属类根茎类茄果类瓜菜类薯芋类葱蒜类,仅叶菜类、瓜菜类和茄果类农药残留超标。由此表明,新昌县蔬菜农药残留依然存在,少数蔬菜中农药残留超标,应加大监测管理力度,确保市民食用蔬菜安全。     

上海市松江区蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的现状研究

利用气相色谱法测定了上海市松江区22种蔬菜453份样品中有机磷农药残留量.结果表明,上海市松江区蔬菜中超标率最高的有机磷农药是毒死蜱,超标率为1.8%,主要集中在叶菜类.蔬菜中有机磷农药超标集中在种植散户和农贸市场,蔬菜园艺场和种植大户的蔬菜合格率达100%.     

郑州市蔬菜中农药残留监测分析

对郑州市县区生产基地随机采集共478份蔬菜进行了农药残留监测,测定有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量.结果表明,没有甲胺磷等禁用农药检出,有机磷农药残留检出率为4.2％,拟除虫菊酯类残留检出率为27.6％.由此说明,郑州市蔬菜农药残留依然存在,应加大监测管理力度,确保市民食用蔬菜安全.     

农药超标菜政府全“买”下——按市场价的40%给菜农补偿

流入市区农贸市场和超市后被检测出来的农药残留超标蔬菜,由政府财政拨专款全部“买”下,然后集中销毁。近日,烟台市有关部门出台了销毁农药残留超标菜的补偿办法,不仅让有害健康的蔬菜退出市场,而且让那些不了解正确种菜方法的农民免受“灭顶”之罚。据了解,为杜绝农药残留超标的蔬菜进入市场,烟台市在全市蔬菜批发市场和各大超市建立了十多个蔬菜农药残留检测点,这些检测点在对进入市场的蔬菜进行酶抑制法检测后,如果发现属严重超标的农药残留菜,立即就地封存。经有关部门确认后,由工商,技术监督部门于当日监督销毁。据烟台市财办有关同志…     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量