旋毛虫不同株同工酶比较的研究

本文对７株旋毛虫６种同工酶进行了分析比较，各株旋毛虫原始虫科分别来自哈尔滨，长春，天津，河南邓县，新野，云南保山及西安。除长春株畜主为犬外，其余均为猪。采用ＩＥＦ电泳，分别显示６种酶：ＧＰＩ，ＰＧＭ，Ｇ６ＰＤＨ，ＭＤＨ，ＡＬＡＴ及ＡＳＡＴ。结果长春犬株与哈尔滨猪株在ＧＰＩ，ＰＧＭ，Ｇ６ＰＤＨ，ＭＤＨ，ＡＳＡＴ５种酶的同工酶谱均有差异。同工酶分析及长春犬与哈尔滨猪株在其它生物学特征方面的差异提示它们     

龙陵黄山羊遗传多样性同功酶电泳研究

采用常规水平式淀粉胶蛋白电泳技术，对３８只龙陵黄山羊个体的３９个遗传座位的血液同功酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，ＡＫＰ、ＣＥＳ－Ｉ、ＥＳＤ、ＧＯＩ、ＬＡＰ、ＭＤＨ、ＭＥ和ＮＰ等８个座位具多态性，多态座位ＡＫＰＯ、ＣＥＳ－ＩＩ、ＦＳＤＡ、ＧＯＩＢ、ＬＡＰＡ、ＭＤＨＡ、ＭＥＡ和ＮＰＡ的基因频率较高；多态座位百分比Ｐ＝０２０５１，平均杂合度Ｈ＝００９０６±００２６５。结果表明，云南龙陵黄山羊与已检测的其它山羊比较，遗传多样性水平较高     

青海细毛羊生化遗传多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和火焰光度法对５０９只青海细毛羊细血液和乳汁中ＨＢ，ＥＰ－１，ＥＰ－２，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｈｐα－ＬＡ和β－ＬＧ总共１３个位点的多态性进行了研究。结果为：（１）在青海细毛羊的ＨＢ，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ１，Ｈｐ，β－ＬＧ总共９个位点上发现多态性，多态性位点的比例为６９．２３％；（２）每个位点实有的平均等位     

农业部批准进口兽药注册目录(47、48)

我国农业部于１９９９年１月２５日和５月６日发布第４７、４８号公告，批准以下外国厂商的兽药产品在我国注册和再注册，并核发《进口兽药登记许可证》，产品检验按农业部发布的进口兽药质量标准执行。兽　药　名　称生　产　厂　家许可证号有效期４７鸡多乐ＬＡＣＴＢＩＯ日本基因（源）集团公司ＣＨＥＮＣＯＲＰＯＲＡＴＩＯＮＪＡＰＡＮ（９９）外兽药准字０１号１９９９．１—２００３．１２多拉菌素注射液ＤＯＲＡＭＥＣＴＩＮＩＮＪＥＣＴＩＯＮ１％（通灭ＤＥＣＴＯＭＡＸ）美国辉端公司巴西生产厂ＬＡＢＯＲＡＴＯＲＩＯＰＦＩＺＥ…     

青海绵羊血清铁传递蛋白的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省５个品种共１０５０只绵羊的血清铁传递蛋白进行了电泳研究。结果发现青海绵羊的血清运铁蛋白共有１１个电泳变异体（Ｉ，Ａ，Ｇ，Ｂ，Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｍ，Ｅ，Ｑ，），构成３７种电泳表型（ＩＡ，ＡＥ，ＡＡ，ＡＧ，ＡＢ，ＡＬ，ＡＣ，ＡＤ，ＡＭ，ＡＥ，ＡＢ，ＧＧ，ＧＢ，ＧＬ，ＧＣ，ＧＤ，ＧＭ，ＧＱ，ＢＢ，ＢＣ，ＣＤ，ＣＭ，ＬＣ，ＬＤ，ＬＥ，ＣＣ，ＣＤ，ＣＭ，ＣＥ，ＣＱ，ＣＰ，ＤＤ，ＤＭ，ＤＥＤＱ，ＫＰ，ＭＱ）。在５个品种绵羊中，藏羊血清铁传递蛋白的电泳变异体和电泳表型最多，分别为１１个和２８种，茨盖羊的最少，分别为６个和１６种，青海细毛羊，新疆细毛羊和青海半细胞毛羊介于两者之间。     

牦牛卵泡液LDH同工酶及外源性激素对其表达模式的影响

采用比色法和不连续缓冲系统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）技术对未孕和怀孕初期牦牛卵泡液乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性及同工酶进行了测定，并分析了促卵泡素３号（ＬＲＨ－Ａ３）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）和孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ）对其表达模式的影响。结果表明，未孕和怀孕初期牦牛卵泡液ＬＤＨ活性分别为２００．４±３１．１，２１５．３±８６．６μｍｏｌ·ｓ－１·Ｌ－１，同工酶有５条谱带。３种外源性激素均使牦牛卵泡液ＬＤＨ活性显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＬＤＨ同工酶带型分布发生变化，降低了ＬＤＨ２／ＬＤＨ１比值，改变了同工酶中Ａ和Ｂ亚基所占比例     

云南两个地方鸡种血液蛋白多态性研究

本试验采用水平式淀偻凝胶电泳法，对版纳斗鸡，武定鸡的６０个样本，３２个遗传位点的血液蛋白多态性进行了检测。这两个品种只在ＥＳ－１，ＡＫＰ－１、ＡＫＰ－２、ＬＡＰ四个座位显示多态。其余２５个位点均为单态，尚有ＣＰ、ＸＤＨ和ＩＤＨ三个座位染色后出现谱带。     

兔狲血液蛋白质和酶的电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对２只兔狲的４种血液蛋白质表型和３种血液同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果发现：①被检兔狲的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）和后白蛋白（Ｐａ）分别呈单一的ＨＢＡＢ，ＡＬＢＡＡ和ＰａＡＡ型，运铁蛋白（ＴＦ）有ＴＦＡＢ和ＴＦＢＢ两种表型；②血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）由ＡＬＰＡ，ＡＬＰＢ，ＡＬＰＣ和ＡＬＰＤ四种同工酶组成；③血清酯酶（ＥＳ）由ＥＳＩ和ＥＳＩＶ两种同工酶共７条区带组成；④血清乳酸脱氢酶（Ｓ－ＬＤＨ）由ＬＤＨ１，ＬＤＨ２，ＬＤＨ３，ＬＤＨ４和ＬＤＨ５五种同工酶组成，红细胞内只有前四种ＬＤＨ同工酶。     

抗伪狂犬病病毒单克隆抗体的特性鉴定

通过ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ、免疫印迹和相加ＥＬＩＳＡ分析了五株抗伪狂犬病病毒杂交瘤细胞系所分泌的单抗５Ｈ２、２Ｅ６、２Ｇ１１、３Ｄ１０和１Ｂ５（均为ＩｇＧ１）各自所识别的病毒多肽。结果证明：单抗５Ｈ２、２Ｅ６、２Ｇ１１和３Ｄ１０识别伪狂犬病病毒９７ＫＤ多肽，单抗１Ｂ５识别５４ＫＤ多肽。相加ＥＬＩＳＡ证实单抗５Ｈ２、２Ｅ６、２Ｇ１１和３Ｄ１０识别同一多肽的重叠表位或邻近表位。     

腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒变异株的比较研究

腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）变异株Ｈ９５提纯样品经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ,证明Ｈ９５株单抗ＤＥ７和Ｍ４１株单抗６ＤＨ８均能识别Ｈ９５株５４０００蛋白多肽。采用单抗、多抗介导间接ＥＬＩＳＡ试验表明,Ｈ９５毒株能与抗ＩＢＶＭ４１Ｎ蛋白单抗６ＤＨ８和ＩＢＶＭ蛋白单抗ＭＣ发生反应,也能与抗Ｍ４１、Ｇｒａｙ、Ｈｏｌｔｅ、Ｔ、Ｈ５２、Ｎ１１５和分离株Ｃ９００１、ＤＬＺ９１１１的多抗血清反应,同时抗Ｈ９５株的４株单抗、多抗血清也能与上述毒株反应。卵磷脂酶Ｃ处理的Ｈ９５株的血凝活性能被相应的Ｈ９５株的单克隆抗体和高免血清所抑制,也能被Ｍ４１单抗和高免血清所抑制。通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ获得了Ｈ９５毒株的免疫原基因Ｓ１,经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ和ＩＢＶ的Ｓ探针检测呈阳性。     

Isoenzyme activities of different strains of Cryptosporidium parvum

Different isoenzyme activities have been assayed in three strains of Cryptosporidium parvum, C1 (C. parvum from infected calves, UK), C2 (C. parvum from infected calves, Egypt) and C3 (C. parvum from infected goats, Egypt). The electrophoretic variations of five enzymes; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), hexokinase (HK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were compared among the three different isolates using native polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. LDH showed an identical pattern in the three isolates. GPI showed two different bands in C3 and C1, with both bands present in C2. HK activity showed a weak band in C1 but no reaction was detected with C2 and C3. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) showed no reaction in C1, but similar bands in C2 and C3. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) showed two different patterns, C2 and C3 had one pattern and C1 showed additional zones of reaction. Rat liver homogenate was run at the same time as the parasite extracts as a positive control. This investigation suggests that GPI, HK and GLDH could be used to characterise different Cryptosporidium isolates.     

如皋鸡血浆酶活力及其与体重的相关性研究

为了研究如皋鸡血浆酶活力及其与体重的相关性,试验测定了如皋鸡2、4、6、8、10、12周龄体重及血浆LDH、HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK、5′-NT、ALT、ADA、ALP、ICDH的活力。结果表明:①2周龄体重与LDH、HBDH、MDH、CK相关极显著(P<0.01),8周龄体重与LDH、HBDH呈显著负相关(P<0.05),12周龄体重与ICDH相关极显著(P<0.01)。②周龄间,体重与5′-NT、ALP呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。③除5′-NT为中等遗传力外,LDH、HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK、ALT、ADA、ALP、ICDH均为高遗传力。④周龄内,血浆LDH与HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK,HBDH与MAO、MDH,MAO与MDH,CK与HBDH、MDH,ALP与5′-NT的偏相关程度较高。⑤周龄间,LDH与HBDH、MAO、MDH、CK、5′-NT、ALP,HBDH与MAO、MDH、5′-NT、ALP,MAO与MDH,CK与HBDH、MDH、ALP,ALT与ICDH,ALP与5′-NT间相关系数达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01)。因此,血浆酶活力的相关研究可以为体重等性状的选择提供理论依据。     

Activities of enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle and the isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and riding horses

The activities of the enzymes involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of lactating Holstein cows and thoroughbred riding horses as representative herbivorous animals. In the horse plasma, LDH activities were significantly lower and AST activities were significantly higher than those in the cow plasma. The specific activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), LDH and AST in the horse leukocytes were higher than those in the cows. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity (ML ratio) in the horse leukocytes was significantly lower than that in the cow leukocytes owing to significantly higher activities of LDH. The ML ratio was considered to reflect the difference in energy metabolism in leukocytes between cows and horses. The plasma LDH isoenzyme patterns of cow and horse showed the characteristic as herbivorous animals with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and -3. The LDH isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-3 and -4 in the horse leukocytes were remarkably different from those in the cow leukocytes. There were significant differences in activities of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes, ML ratio and LDH isoenzyme patterns in the cytosolic fractions of leukocytes between the lactating cows and the riding horses.     

Comparison of the indirect haemagglutination and gel diffusion test for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis

The aim of this study was to compare the use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and gel diffusion (GD) tests for serotyping Haemophilus parasuis by the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson (KRG) scheme. All 15 serovar reference strains, 72 Australian field isolates, nine Chinese field isolates, and seven isolates from seven experimentally infected pigs were evaluated with both tests. With the IHA test, 14 of the 15 reference strains were correctly serotyped-with serovar 10 failing to give a titre with serovar 10 antiserum. In the GD test, 13 reference strains were correctly serotyped-with antigen from serovars 7 and 8 failing to react with any antiserum. The IHA methodology serotyped a total of 45 of 81 field isolates while the GD methodology serotyped a total of 48 isolates. For 29 isolates, the GD and IHA methods gave discordant results. It was concluded that the IHA is a good additional test for the serotyping of H. parasuis by the KRG scheme if the GD methodology fails to provide a result or shows unusual cross-reactions.     

The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in two species of invasive alien mammals in Japan

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in 128 Escherichia coli isolates was investigated in two species of invasive alien mammals (IAMs): the small Asian mongoose (SAM) and Japanese weasel (JW). The SAM is found on the main island of Okinawa, Japan, where a large number of livestock is available, and the JW is present on a small island, where is isolated from the main island, and have a small number of livestock. We focused on the two IAMs, inhabiting under the different environments, and compared their prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli. In the comparison of the frequencies of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates between the SAM and JW, JW showed significantly higher prevalence of resistance against three drugs, ampicillin, chlortetracycline and nalidixic acid, compared with SAM's test results (P<0.05). The bla(TEM) gene and the aph1 gene were detected in 35 subjects (91%) of ampicillin-resistant isolates and 6 subjects (100%) of kanamycin-resistant isolates, respectively. The tet (A) gene was detected in 62 subjects (46%) of CTC-resistant isolates, and the tet (B) gene was detected in 25 subjects (8%) of those in IAM. The present results suggest that some IAMs were the carrier of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their genes, and the frequencies of these resistances were different between two IAM species.     

猪带绦虫囊尾蚴体内发育过程中囊壁生化指标的变化

对猪体内发育30，40，60，80，95日猪囊尾蚴囊壁的已糖激酶（HK），丙酮酸激酶（PK），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH），葡萄糖－6－磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）活性和葡萄糖（GLc)，乳酸（LAC）含量进行测定，结果表明，HK，PK，MDH活性和GLc含量在60，80，95日高于或显著高于30，40日（P＞0．05，P＜0．05），说明随虫体的生长发育糖代谢逐渐增加。     

牦牛肌红蛋白的基因克隆测序、分离纯化、含量及其与乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活力的关系

为探索牦牛适应高原缺氧环境的分子机制,测定了麦洼牦牛心肌和骨骼肌中肌红蛋白（Mb）含量及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活力,并对牦牛Mb进行了分离纯化和基因克隆测序。牦牛心肌和骨骼肌中Mb含量显著高于水牛和黄牛（P〈0.01）;牦牛、黄牛和水牛心肌MDH/LDH活力比均显著高于骨骼肌;牦牛心肌MDH/LDH活力比显著高于水牛和黄牛,但在不同牛种骨骼肌之间无显著差异。各组织Mb含量与MDH/LDH活力比呈显著正相关。试验用RT-PCR方法从牦牛心肌中克隆了Mb基因,与普通牛相比,核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%,氨基酸序列完全相同;用盐析、CM-Sephadex阳离子交换层析、Sephadex G-50凝胶层析等方法分离纯化了牦牛Mb,SDS-PAGE显示其分子量约为17 ku。     

营养限制与补偿对蒙古育成羯羊肝脏关键酶活性的影响

本试验旨在阐明营养限制与补偿对蒙古育成羯羊肝脏关键酶活性的影响。试验选用40只平均体重为(14.72±1.10)kg的3月龄蒙古育成羯羊,随机分为对照组(CG)和双限组(RG)。试验分营养限制期(60d)和营养补偿期(90d)。限制期2组饲粮对应能氮水平为代谢能(ME):10.88(对照组)和8.62(双限组)MJ/kg;粗蛋白质(CP):15.0%(对照组)和5.7%(双限组)。补偿期各组饲喂同一能氮水平(ME:9.75 MJ/kg;CP:12.0%)的饲粮。在限制期与补偿期末分别测定蒙古育成羯羊肝脏中己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(FBP1)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、α-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GAPDH)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GLDH)的活性。结果显示:限制期结束时双限组蒙古育成羯羊肝脏中HK、ALT、AST、GLDH活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而PK、LDH、FBP1、MDH、GAPDH活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);经过90d补偿后,双限组蒙古育成羯羊肝脏中HK、PK、MDH、ALT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而LDH、FBP1、GAPDH、AST、GLDH活性与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,限制期双限组蒙古育成羯羊糖酵解途径关键酶活性降低,糖异生途径关键酶活性升高,脂肪分解途径关键酶活性升高,这与机体在低能氮营养水平时脂肪动员加强有关,蛋白质代谢途径关键酶活性降低则表明限制期蛋白质代谢降低;补偿期双限组蒙古育成羯羊总体糖酵解、糖异生和脂肪分解途径关键酶活性基本恢复到对照组水平,而PK活性显著提高,脂肪合成和蛋白质代谢途径关键酶活性升高可能与此期较高的生长速率相关。     

The Activity Ratio of the Cytosolic MDH/LDH and the Isoenzyme Pattern of LDH in the Peripheral Leukocytes of Dogs,Cats and Rabbits

The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats. Rabbits had significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations than dogs or cats. Feline leukocytes showed higher LDH and lower MDH activities than canine or rabbit leukocytes. The M/L ratio, defined as the MDH activity divided by the LDH activity in cytosolic fractions, was considered to be a good indicator with which to evaluate the metabolic state in animal tissues. The M/L ratio was highest in canine and lowest in feline leukocytes. LDH-2 and LDH-3 isoenzymes were dominant in canine leukocytes. LDH-1 and LDH-2 were dominant in rabbit leukocytes, whereas LDH-5 was dominant in feline leukocytes. It was evident that there were significant differences in energy metabolism between the leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats.     

Genetic relationships between sheep, cattle and human Echinococcus infection in Tunisia

Allozyme variation at seven polymorphic loci (GPI, EST, MDH, MPI, DIA, PEP, PGM) was studied to examine genetic variation within and between sheep, cattle and human populations of Echinococcus granulosus in Tunisia. A high degree of genetic similarity was shown between the cysts of the three host origins. Nevertheless, whereas, the ovine and human samples were highly similar, the cattle samples were slightly different genetically. We conclude that humans are mostly infected by parasites originating from sheep liver. The intense deficiency in heterozygotes was partly artefactual (Wahlund effect) and partly due to self-fertilisation.