整顿种子市场 保护农民利益

种子市场的稳定，至关发展农业的大局。因此，国家对种子市场的种质资源管理，种子的选育、审定、生产、检验、检疫、质量、价格、经营和储备，颁布了种子管理条例和实施细则，以法律形式确保为农业生产提供质量合格的种子，促进了种子事业的发展。然而，近几年不少种子经营单位和个人无视国家法规，造假制劣，以次充好，以假乱真，非法经营，随意涨价，严重“污染”种子市场环境，坑害了农民利益，给农业生产造成了重大损失。净化种子市场已经成为各级政府，特别是种子管理部门八项十分紧迫的任务。1伪劣种子泛滥1．1种子质量不合格。据有关资料报道，今年早稻播种前后，国家技术监督局委托农业部水稻和蔬菜种子质量监督检测中心，抽查了四川、江苏、湖北等11个省、直辖市63个种子公司的251个杂交稻和蔬菜作物品种（组合），合格的219种，抽样合格率只有8725％，其中蔬菜种子抽样合格率仅70．7％。在不合格的种子中，被检单位自报种子等级标准一般均为1、2级种子，而实检种子质量为等外级，有些甚至根本不能做种用。再从湖南省的情况看，今年3月份省种子管理站配合长沙市技术监督局，对长沙地区的种子质量进行抽查打假，被查25俱品种的样品，经室内检验净度、发芽率、水份3项...     

野生药用植物百尾参(万寿竹)种子育成植株开花结实习性研究

百尾参(万寿竹)为多年生草本植物,一般第1～2年为营养生长;第3年进入生殖生长,开花枝84.6%,开花株72.7%,饱果率51.5%,平均每饱果有种子0.32粒;植株较高大,平均77.5cm,叶片数较多,平均株总叶154.4片;茎杆一般有1～2级分枝,少有3级分枝;开花数较多,花期5～6月,结果期9～12月;植株能露地越冬,地下根茎有萌蘖习性,萌蘖多达6个主茎,且还有边生长边萌发营养枝的现象.     

灯盏花种子质量分级标准研究

通过对来自云南省3个产区共37份灯盏花种子的发芽率、千粒重、净度、纯度和含水量等指标的测定,应用SPSS 17.0分析软件,将数据进行标准化变换后,进行K类中心聚类分析,制定了灯盏花种子质量的“三级分级标准”:(1)一级种子:种子的发芽率≥63.96％,千粒重≥0.206 2 g,净度≥88.87％,生活力≥62.38％,纯度≥100.00％,水分≤7.97％;(2)二级种子:种子的发芽率≥49.21％,千粒重≥0.1828 g,净度≥75.71％,生活力≥62.38％,纯度≥100.00％,水分≤8.10％;(3)三级种子:种子的发芽率≥48.15％,千粒重≥0.179 8 g,净度≥75.24％,生活力≥62.38％,纯度≥99.90％,水分≤8.51％.通过灯盏花种子质量聚类分析表明,云南个旧市的灯盏花种子质量优于云南弥勒县和泸西县的种子.     

甲醇和热水加速萝卜种子老化的试验研究

研究了萝卜种子经５０ ％ 甲醇溶液和５８ ℃±１ ℃热水老化处理后的发芽情况,结果表明,两种人工老化处理后的萝卜种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数都显著下降。５０ ％ 甲醇溶液老化萝卜种子的最适时间为２０ ｍ ｉｎ 左右,５８ ℃±１ ℃热水老化萝卜种子的合适时间为１０ ｍ ｉｎ 左右。     

铜对黄瓜和萝卜种子萌发和生长的影响

利用Cu2+对黄瓜、萝卜种子进行处理,观察种子的萌发率以及萌发后根芽的生长情况.结果表明:不同浓度的Cu2+对黄瓜、萝卜种子的发芽率、根长、幼苗生长具有不同的作用.低浓度Cu2+促进种子萌发,高浓度Cu2+抑制种子萌发.Cu2+对黄瓜、萝卜根长的影响表现为先促进后抑制,对幼苗芽长的影响不大.Cu2+对黄瓜、萝卜根的影响要显著高于对芽的影响.黄瓜和萝卜种子对Cu2+毒害具有较强的耐性,并且萝卜的耐性要强于黄瓜.     

从一起种子案件谈加强非主要农作物品种管理

2004年8月31日，《宝鸡日报》以“瞎瞎种子长出糠心萝卜”为题，对宝鸡市太白县嘴头镇蔬菜种植户李某种植的萝卜未熟抽薹导致糠心一事进行了报道。2004年5月．种植户李某从太白县一种子经销部购买种子，在6月1～7日之间种植箩卜hm^2，其中种植“特新白玉存”品种1.7hm^2，种植“春夏”、“汉城白玉”等品种0.3hm^2。     

不同经营模式下新银合欢的枝系特征差异分析

在中国科学院东川泥石流定位观测站附近,对不同经营模式下新银合欢的枝系特征进行了统计分析,结果表明：新银合欢在不同经营模式下的总体分枝率和逐步分枝率SBR1:2发生显著变化,逐步分枝率SBR2:3则未表现出显著差异;截干新银合欢二、三级枝长度,枝径比2：1及一、二、三级枝倾角显著大于未截干新银合欢;两种经营模式下叶片的分布特征未发生显著差异。通过对各种枝系特征综合分析,发现截干新银合欢的生长对策表现为向上拓展自身生长空间,保持其原有的生态位。     

超低含水量的花生种子贮藏研究

试验以花生种子为材料,硅胶作干燥剂,超干后的花生种子含水量为3％,2％,1％,分别密封贮于O℃,室温,45℃。结果表明:超干后立即发芽,各级超低含水量种子生活力与原始含水量的生活力没有明显差异,种子在室内回湿后发芽,各级超低含水量种子生活力与原始的亦无明显差异,超干燥至1％水分,花生种子无干燥损伤。回湿后的活力指数比不回湿的高,回湿可以提高超低含水量的种子活力。贮存10,20,30个月后测定生活力表明:最耐贮存寿命最长的是2％含水量的种子,耐贮程度排列次序是2％>3％>1％>4.4％。花生种子超低含水量的临界水分是2％,室温贮存的种子最佳含水量3％～2％,0℃贮存的种子最佳含水量4.4％～3％。     

萝卜种子加代技术

萝卜为十字花科一、二年生，种子春化型作物。所谓种子春化型，是指种子在萌动后的整个营养生长期内，只要感受一定时间的低温，就可以完成春化阶段，而后在适宜的环境巾抽薹、开花、结籽。根据萝卜种子的这一特点，在生产和科研中，我们常常进行萝卜种子的加代工作，实现一年二熟或三熟。现将长江中下游地区萝卜种子的加代技术总结如下：     

白木香苗木质量分级标准研究

为探讨白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Spreng.)苗木质量分级标准,于白木香苗木主产区采集10批次1 011株白木香实生苗为研究材料,测量10个主要的质量指标,进行描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析和K-聚类分析,结合苗木实际生产情况,对白木香苗木进行等级划分。通过分析并结合实际生产情况最终确定选取苗高、地径和分枝数3个指标作为等级划分的依据,将白木香苗木分成3个等级,最终分级标准为:Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥112 cm、地径≥11 mm、分枝数≥3,Ⅱ级苗:112 cm苗高≥89 cm、11 mm地径≥9 mm、3分枝数≥2,Ⅲ级苗(不合格苗):苗高89 cm、地径9 mm、分枝数2。最终的等级划分结果可用于白木香苗木质量分级标准的建立、区分苗木等级、排除不合格苗并对合格苗木进行定价,保证白木香产业规模化、专业化和规范化,并保障沉香资源可持续性发展。     

海南降香檀种子质量分级标准研究

研究海南降香檀种子质量的分级标准。选择海南降香檀种子30个批次样本进行分选,以及对净度、优良度、千粒重、生活力、含水量等指标的测定,确定种子质量分级标准。降香檀种子优良度、生活力和千粒重是5项种子分级指标中的主要标准,其他指标作为参考。种子优良度为95%,生活力为84.2%,千粒重在131.4 g以上的种子被列为一级种子;种子优良度为70%,生活力为70.1%,千粒重在128.1 g以上的种子被列为二级种子。建立了海南降香檀种子质量分级标准。     

Seed yield and its components in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) cultivars

Summary Seed yield performance and effect on seed yield of morphological traits such as seeds/panicle, seed weight, seeds/branch, branches/2nd node, branches/panicle, fertile tillers/plant and panicle length were evaluated in 13 cultivars of smooth bromegrass in a spaced-plant nursery. Wide variation was observed between and within cultivars for seed yield and traits. Highly significant correlation coefficients were found among traits and seed yield. Path analysis showed that specifically seeds/panicle and seed weight had strong direct effect on seed yield. It was concluded that seeds/panicle and seed weight were primary selection criteria for seed yield in smooth bromegrass.     

大豆遗传资源农艺性状的鉴定和筛选

对来自于中国黄淮海大豆产区、北方大豆产区和南方大豆产区的316个大豆品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和比较。结果表明,育成品种的分枝数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数明显不及农家品种,而其它性状如主茎荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数和百粒重优于农家品种。以育成品种和农家品种分别所作的相关分析表明,主茎荚数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数均与单株粒数和单株粒重呈显著的正相关;主茎节数与株高、主茎荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数呈显著正相关;分枝数与分枝荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著或非显著正相关,但与主茎荚数呈负向显著相关;单株粒数与单株粒重显著正相关,百粒重与单株粒重正向显著相关,与单株粒数负相关显著。通过比较和分析,就百粒重、生育期和株高筛选出一些具有极端值的品种,可以用作品种选育的亲本和大豆分子育种如转基因受体或分子标记作图群体的遗传材料。     

繁种地对甜荞麦种子质量的影响

为研究繁种地对甜荞麦种子质量的影响,本实验以11份甜芥品种为材料,分别种植于青海湟中、西藏山南、内蒙古呼和浩特和云南安宁,研究繁种地对种子千粒重、净度、穗萌芽率、生活力和活力的影响。研究表明,繁种地对各栽培甜荞的种子质量均有一定的影响。除了采收于青海的蒙0530,其他种子的千粒重均大于20g;所有种子的净度均在99%以上;所有品种在云南存在无穗萌发现象,种植于青海的甜荞穗萌发最为严重;采收自西藏的荞杂-2、荞杂-1、综甜荞2号、定甜荞3号、信农1号、蒙0208和蒙0530发芽率均低于85%,失去种用价值;采收自内蒙古和云南的种子幼苗干重较优异。综合分析,云南安宁和内蒙古呼和浩特采收种子的质量较高,可作为甜荞优良品种的繁种地,生产优质种子。     

青蒿种子品质检验及质量标准的研究

目的:研究青蒿种子品质检验方法和质量分级标准,为青蒿种子检验规程及质量标准的制定提供依据。方法:对不同产地的青蒿种子的品质进行测定。结果与结论:测定了不同产地青蒿种子净度、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率等,并初步制定了青蒿种子的质量分级标准。     

黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势分析

黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势．脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数．兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。     

冬小麦种子的发育及其田间活力

１９９３－１９９４年北京对六冬小麦品种籽粒发育程度及不同发育程度籽粒的发芽力、活力进行了研究。从花后５天开始每３天取样一次,测定籽粒的干重,观察了其中两种材料发育早期籽粒种胚的器官分化,对各发育程度种子进行了标准发芽测定及田间幼苗活力鉴定。     

两种类型蓖麻杂交种杂种优势的分析

为进一步了解蓖麻表型性状杂种优势表现特点及与亲本相应性状的关系.选用两种基因类型有明显差异的中高秆和矮杆蓖麻杂交组合的亲本CS-R6(♀)、CS-R181(♂)和CS-R63(♀)、CS-R268(♂)和它们的杂交种CS-R6.181F_1、CS-R6.181F_2、CS-R63.268F_1为研究材料.通过田间试验,测定了地上部干物质积累及在营养体和生殖体中分配速率和成熟期13个表型性状的杂种优势表现.结果表明:两种类型杂交组合的生育特点及杂种优势表现上有明显差别,CS-R6.181F_1属于生殖型为主、体质型为辅的杂种优势类型;而CS-R63.268F_1属于生殖型的杂种优势类型;中高秆杂交种CS-R6.181F_1收获期13个地上部主要性状杂种优势均表现为超高亲优势;而矮秆杂交种CS-R63.268F_1只是在籽粒产量、皮壳率和粗脂肪含量等7个性状表现为超高亲优势,百粒重等3个性状表现为超中亲优势,而营养体3个性状均表现超低亲优势,CS-R63.268F_1综合了母、父本突出的优良特性,生育期趋向父本,是适合密植和机械化栽培的杂交种;蓖麻杂种优势从杂种F_2开始出现衰退,不再适合在生产中应用.     

Path analysis of the relationships between seed yield and some morphological and phenological traits in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Path analysis was performed on plant characters of six safflower genotypes grown in a two year field experiment to determine for seed yield, the direct and indirect effects of the following traits: total biomass, stem yield, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of seeds/m², number of seeds/capitulum, number of capitula/plant, capitulum diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, plant height, number of days to the beginning of branching, number of days to the beginning of flowering, number of days to 50% flowering, number of days to full flowering and flowering duration. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the following traits: total biomass, stem yield, capitulum diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, number of days to the beginning of branching and flowering duration. Total biomass, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, 1000-seed weight and flowering duration had substantial direct effects, in that order, on enhancement of seed yield. The significant positive correlation coefficient of capitulum diameter with seed yield resulted from positive indirect effects of total biomass, seed weight/capitulum and 1000-seed weight. Conversely, the significant negative correlations between number of days to the beginning of branching and distance between ground level and the first fertile branch and seed yield resulted from negative indirect effects of the same three traits. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 94% of the total variation in seed yield could be explained by variation in total biomass and by number of days to the beginning of branching (84 and 10%, respectively). Results suggest that total biomass and number of days to the beginning of branching are primary selection criteria for improving seed yield in safflower.     

Causes of Sterility in Seed Set of Rice under Salinity Stress

The effects of salinity at 50 mM NaCl on floral characteristics, yield components, and biochemical and physiological attributes of the sensitive rice variety IR‐28 were studied under controlled conditions to determine the causes of sterility in seed set under salinity stress. The results showed significant decreases in panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/panicle, filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plant, total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plant. The sodium content in different leaves and floral parts increased significantly. In contrast, the potassium content was decreased significantly in leaves and floral parts. A reduction in chlorophyll a and b was also noted in different parts of the leaves. Inhibition of transpiration and photosynthesis was observed in flag leaves at the grain‐filling stage. Soluble carbohydrates in different leaves were reduced significantly in salinized plants but their content in different floral parts was increased, with the exception of primary and secondary branch spikelets. Under salinity stress, total protein concentration in flag, second and third leaves were higher than in control plants. The viability of rice pollen was reduced significantly in salinized plants. It was further observed that starch synthetase activity (α1–4‐glucan glucosyle transferases) in developing rice grains was inhibited very significantly under salinity stress. From these results, it is inferred that sterility and significant reductions in seed set in rice were not merely due to reduction or inhibition of different biochemical constituents and physiological functions, but were mainly due to limitation of soluble carbohydrate translocation in primary and secondary spikelets, accumulation of more sodium and less potassium in all the floral parts, and highly significant inhibition of specific activity of starch synthetase in developing rice grains, thus resulting in failure of seed set.