牛常见寄生虫病的防治

1牛球虫病1.1预防经常清扫圈舍,将粪便堆积发酵;清除圈舍内的积水,保持通风、干燥,并用2%火碱定期或不定期地对场地和用具消毒;保持饲料、饮水清洁。1.2治疗隔离发病牛只。成年牛用氯苯胍,10mg×40片/头,磺胺二甲基嘧啶,10mg/kg体重,1次/d,连用4d,犊牛减量。全群牛采用氯苯胍拌料口服,成年牛10mg×20片/头,1次/d,连用7d。犊牛按25mg/kg体重投服氨丙啉和按10mg/kg体重投服呋喃唑酮,2～3次/d。2牛焦虫病2.1预防2.1.1灭蜱发现患焦虫病牛,应立即隔离单圈饲养。可用1%敌百虫水溶液喷洒或刷洗牛体,也可用0.1%辛硫磷水乳剂喷淋牛体,并用新鲜石灰乳…     

中药复方治疗牛病毒性腹泻效果观察

以清热燥湿、凉血解毒、泻火止痢为组方原则研制中药复方,观察其对牛病毒性腹泻的治疗效果。选择河北省邢台地区某奶牛场的腹泻成年牛、犊牛各80头为治疗对象。试验犊牛、成年牛均随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组用中药方剂煎汤灌服,犊牛100 g/次～150 g/次,成年牛300 g/次～500 g/次,每天1次～2次,连用3 d～5 d。对照组,犊牛、成年牛按牛场常规使用病毒唑配合庆大霉素治疗方法给药。试验结果表明,中药复方对犊牛腹泻有效率为90%,治愈率为70%;对成年病例有效率为95%,治愈率为75%。中药复方治疗牛病毒性腹泻效果较好。     

两种中药方剂对奶牛感染性腹泻的治疗效果

为探讨两种中药方剂对奶牛感染性腹泻的治疗效果,选择河北省保定市某奶牛场人工感染轮状病毒(RV)和牛病毒性腹病毒(BVDV)的成年牛和犊牛为治疗对象。试验犊牛和成年牛均随机分为治疗组和对照组,各治疗组分别用两种中药方剂进行治疗,采用煎汤灌服,犊牛100g/次～150g/次,成年牛300g/次～500g/次,每天1次,连用3d～5d。对照组按牛场常规使用病毒唑及庆大霉素进行治疗。结果两种中药方剂对犊牛腹泻治愈率为70%～76%,有效率为90%～94%;成年病例治愈率为74%～80%,有效率为92%～96%。两种中药方剂对犊牛及成年牛感染性腹泻治疗效果明显优于临床上常用的抗病毒化药或抗生素(P<0.05)。     

犊牛球虫病的诊治

20 0 1年 9月 ,宁波鄞州区某奶牛场 ,存栏奶牛 60 0头 ,其中 1月龄左右犊牛 1 0头 ,有 6头发生球虫病 ,死亡 2头。1　临床症状　发病犊牛多为 2 5～ 3 0日龄 ,病初体温升高至 40～ 41℃ ,剧烈腹泻 ,腹痛 ,瘤胃蠕动音微弱 ,1次 / 2 min,食欲减退 ,稍后大便失禁 ,粪便混有血液和粘液 ,恶臭。粪便直接涂片镜检 ,在 1个视野内可发现球虫卵囊 5～ 6个 ,诊断为球虫病。2　防治措施　加强饲养管理 ,成年牛与病犊应分群饲养。药物治疗可用磺胺二甲嘧啶 ,内服每 kg体重 0 .1 g,每日 1次 ,连用 5d。为了预防该病 ,犊牛自 1 5日龄开始可用 0 .0 4%复方…     

猪常见寄生虫病防治方法

正1)加强环境卫生。2)定期驱虫。一般猪场每年春秋二季对种猪群驱虫。对断奶仔猪在转群时驱虫1次。3)常用药物。(1)敌百虫。先将敌百虫按1%浓度制成药液,洗、喷、洒患部。1次/d,连用3 d。内服按100～120 mg/kg体重混料,1次内服。(2)左旋咪唑。口服按7～10 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射按7.5 mg/kg体重,用于猪蛔虫、猪肺线虫、猪肾虫、猪棘头虫等。(3)依维菌素和阿维菌素。按0.3 mg/kg体重,1次皮下注射,1周后重复1次。(4)磺胺类药物。治疗猪弓形体病有良好的疗效,用时首次量加倍。磺胺嘧啶:按70 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射,2次/d,连注5 d。     

预防和治疗哺乳仔猪腹泻的一种方法

仔猪腹泻是造成仔猪生长缓慢、断奶体重减少和死亡率高的重要因素。发生腹泻后仅是简单地注射抗生素或者抗生素联合用药 ,效果难以令人满意。根据仔猪的生理特点 ,在生产实践中创新了治疗方法 :采用维生素Ｂ1联合抗生素 (主要是氟哌酸注射液 ,价格低 ,使用方便 )共同用药 ,对仔猪腹泻甚至是母猪或生猪腹泻都有疗效 ,并运用到预防中 ,亦取得满意效果。具体方法 :预防用量为仔猪出生后 3ｄ到 1周 ,即肌肉注射维生素Ｂ10 .5ｍＬ(2 5ｍｇ)、氟哌酸注射液 1ｍＬ ,每天 2次 ,连用 3ｄ ;治疗用量为 2～ 5ｋｇ仔猪肌肉注射维生素Ｂ11ｍＬ(5 0ｍｇ)和…     

头孢噻呋混悬剂治疗人工感染仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察

将头孢噻呋混悬剂分为高、中、低(10、5、2.5 mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,每36 h用药1次,连用2次;同时设头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组,按10 mg/kg体重给药,2次/d,连用3 d。结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂3个剂量组和头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达80％～100％,极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。头孢噻呋混悬剂中、高剂量组成活率极显著高于头孢噻呋混悬剂低剂量组及头孢噻呋钠注射液组 (P<0.01)。本试验结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂能减少胸膜肺炎放线杆菌人工感染引起的临床症状,降低死亡率。作为注射剂治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,以5～10 mg/kg体重的剂量为佳。      

仔猪腹泻的防治技术

正仔猪的腹泻不是独立疾病,做好其腹泻的防治应采取多种方法,下面介绍仔猪腹泻的用药及治疗方法,供广大养猪户参考。1用抗病原消炎药抗病原药种类很多,具较广谱的抗病毒药有病毒唑注射液,也称三氮唑核苷是强的单磷酸次嘌呤核苷氢酶的抑制剂,按50mg/kg体重肌注,2次/d,连用3d。抗菌药选用高效广谱抗生素氯霉素静注或肌注10~30mg,2次/d。土霉素口服30~50mg或静注或肌注5~10mg,静注用     

无公害食品 生猪饲养兽药使用准则

(接上期)类别名称制剂用法与用量休药期喳乙醇。laquindox预混剂饲,每l000kg饲料,10009一20009.体重超过35kg的禁用}35溶液剂牛至油〕rega一10 011内服,预防,2一3日龄,每头SOmg,8h后重复给药一次,治疗;10kg以下每头somg;lokg以上,每头一oomg,用药后7一81.腹泻仍未停止时.重复给药一次预混剂苯哇西林钠。xaeillin sodium注射用粉针片剂匕霉素xytetraeyeline混饲,1000kg饲料,预防,1 .259~1.759,治疗,2 .59一3.259肌内注射,一次量,(10一15)nlg/kg体重,一日2一3次,连用2一3天口服,一次量,(10一25)109/kg体重,l日2一3次,连用3一5天注射液(长效)…     

猪弓形虫病与附红细胞体病混合感染的诊治

本文对垦利县猪混合感染猪弓形虫病与附红细胞体病的流行病学、临床症状、诊断、防治效果等方面作了较全面的介绍.群防群治应用敌菌净(1片/kg体重口服,首次加倍),强力霉素(100mg/kg,拌料喂饲),同时对未驱过肠道寄生虫的猪群,用左旋咪唑(2～3 mg/kg/日,口服),连用3天.很快控制了病情.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.