春甘蓝新品种西园11号的选育

西园11号是以优良自交不亲和系2004G为母本,以自交不亲和系2004I为父本配制的春甘蓝一代杂种。该品种全生育期165～185 d（天）,叶球高扁圆形,叶球紧实,叶质脆嫩,商品性好,单球质量1.5 kg左右,球叶VC含量344 mg?kg-1（FW）,纤维素5.8 g?kg-1（FW）,可溶性固形物5.1 %,耐先期抽薹,一般产量为3 500 kg?（667 m2）-1左右。适宜重庆、四川等地区作春甘蓝栽培。     

春甘蓝新品种西园11号的选育

西园11号是以优良自交不亲和系2004G为母本,以自交不亲和系2004I为父本配制的春甘蓝一代杂种.该品种全生育期165～185 d(天),叶球高扁圆形,叶球紧实,叶质脆嫩,商品性好,单球质量1.5 kg左右,球叶VC含量344 mg·kg-1(FW),纤维素5.8 g·kg-1(FW),可溶性固形物5.1%,耐先期抽薹,一般产量为3 500 kg·(667m2)-1 左右.适宜重庆、四川等地区作春甘蓝栽培.     

甘蓝新品种争牛的选育

争牛是由萝卜胞质甘蓝雄性不育系CMS-101和甘蓝自交系2004-30选配而成的甘蓝一代杂种。株型直立,开展度53 cm左右,外叶倒卵形,叶色深绿,蜡粉较轻,叶球牛心形,紧实度0.5以上,球内叶浅黄绿色,口感糯嫩,品质好,球高20 cm,横径14 cm,中心柱长8.5 cm,小于球高的1/2,平均单球质量1.04 kg,平均产量2 700 kg?（667 m2）-1。冬性强,耐抽薹,可作为越冬春甘蓝栽培|抗黑腐病,也可作为秋甘蓝栽培,以补充秋冬季牛心型甘蓝的供应。适宜在华东、华中等甘蓝产区推广种植。     

紫甘蓝新品种紫甘2号的选育

紫甘2号是以胞质雄性不育系CMSSD13为母本，以自交系ZGX02为父本配制而成的紫甘蓝一代杂种。中早熟，从定植到收获70 d（天）左右。叶球紧实,深紫色，圆球形，不易裂球，耐贮运，球高15 cm，横径15 cm，中心柱长6.5 cm，单球质量1.5~2.0 kg，花青素含量547.6 mg·kg^-1(FW)。耐热，较对照紫云抗TuMV和黑腐病，一般每667 m²产量5 000 kg左右，适宜春秋两季栽培。     

早熟甘蓝新品种‘惠丰8号’

‘惠丰8号’是由自交不亲和系‘9203-4-3-11’与‘9908-1-10’杂交而成的早熟甘蓝一代杂种。从定植到商品成熟60 ~ 63 d。生长势较强,植株开展度48 ~ 52 cm,外叶深绿色,蜡粉中等;叶球圆球形,嫩绿色,结球紧实,较耐裂球,球横径16 cm左右,球高16 cm左右,中心柱长6.3 cm,球叶脆嫩,味较甜,风味品质佳。单球质量1.3 ~ 1.5 kg,产量60.0 ~ 67.5 t ? hm-2。抗病毒病 （TuMV）,冬性较强,适宜在华北地区作春甘蓝栽培,也可作早熟秋甘蓝种植。     

越冬春甘蓝新品种春魁的选育

越冬春甘蓝春魁是以自交不亲和系9701-2和HT502配制而成的一代杂种,9701-2来自河南鸡心形材料,HT502来自皖甘1号亲本的变异单株。该品种早熟,生育期150d(天)左右;株高31cm左右,开展度66cm,外叶绿色,叶面蜡粉少;叶球鸡心形,纵径22cm,横径14cm,球形指数1.57,中心柱长6.4cm;球叶VC含量368.0mg·kg-1,纤维素6.3g·kg-1,可溶性还原糖22.2g·kg-1;单球质量1.50kg左右,叶球紧实度0.61,净菜率66%,每667m2产量5000kg左右,适宜黄淮及长江流域种植。     

耐裂夏秋甘蓝新品种秋甘4号的选育

秋甘4号是以CMS95100胞质雄性不育系为母本,自交系98017-3-5-6-5-2-2为父本配制的甘蓝一代杂种。该品种属中早熟秋甘蓝,从定植到收获70～75d(天)。植株生长势强,开展度60cm,外叶15片,叶色灰绿,叶面蜡粉多,叶缘无缺刻。叶球圆球形,色绿,紧实,不易裂球,球高18.5cm,宽17.5cm,中心柱长5.8cm;平均单球质量2kg,质地脆嫩,品质佳;抗病毒病,中抗黑腐病。一般每667m2产量为3500kg左右,适于华北、华南、西北、西南等地区作中早熟越夏甘蓝或秋甘蓝种植。     

秋甘蓝新品种秋甘1号的选育

秋甘1号是以胞质雄性不育系CMS021为母本,以97025-B3为父本配制的秋甘蓝一代杂种。中熟,从定植到收获74d(天)左右。株型开展,开展度74cm,外叶14片,灰绿色,叶面蜡粉多,叶缘有轻波纹,无缺刻。叶球绿色,紧实,扁球形,球高14.6cm,横径23.6cm,中心柱长6.2cm,单球质量约2.2kg,质地脆嫩,味甘甜,不易裂球,耐热,抗病毒病(TuMV),耐黑腐病。每667m2产量4600kg左右,适于全国各地秋季种植。     

秋甘蓝新品种秋甘5 号的选育

秋甘5 号是以CMS021 胞质雄性不育系为母本，以自交系95077-7-A1-B6-2-5 为父本配制
而成的秋甘蓝一代杂种。中熟，从定植到收获80 d（天）左右。植株生长势强，株型开展，开展度66.7
cm，外叶14 片，叶色灰绿，叶面蜡粉中，叶缘有轻波纹，无缺刻。叶球绿色、紧实度0.57，扁圆形，球
高13.6 cm，横径23.6 cm，中心柱长6.1 cm，小于球高的1/2，单球质量2～3 kg，质地脆嫩，味甘甜，耐
裂球，耐热，高抗枯萎病，抗病毒病（TuMV）、黑腐病，一般每667 m ² 产量5 000 kg 左右，适于华北、华南、
西北、西南等地种植。     

中早熟甘蓝新品种东农611的选育

东农611是以3-1028为母本,以3-1030为父本配制而成的中早熟甘蓝一代杂种。叶球近圆形,外叶灰绿色,表面平滑,中肋细,叶球紧实度高,中心柱小于球高的1/2,叶质脆嫩,VC含量452.3 mg·kg-1,抗TuMV和黑腐病,单球质量2 kg左右,每667 m²产量5 000 kg左右,适于黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古东北部等地春、秋早熟栽培。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.