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鄂西南山区林下经济主要有林鸡、林畜、林菌、林药等4种模式,对每一模式的主要技术措施进行了研究,分析了鄂西南山区林下经济发展中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了应对之策,以期探索出适合鄂西南山区特点的林下经济发展之路. 相似文献
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林药复合模式是林下经济的主要形式之一,在相关政策的推动下,已取得明显成效。目前关于该模式的研究主要集中于林地环境对药材的影响,林下药材种植对周围环境、林木的影响,实施林药复合模式所取得的经验及成效等方面,通过对以上研究成果进行归纳总结,就林药复合模式的品种选择、技术要求、种植规模及质量控制方面提出相关建议。 相似文献
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指出了普洱市是我国生物多样性最丰富的区域之一,气候温暖湿润,是发展林药种植的优良区域之一。林药种植是普洱地区绿色产业机构调整以及边疆地区精准扶贫的重要手段之一,通过对普洱市林药种植现状的分析,阐明了发展普洱市林下中药材种植的必要性,并对未来林药种植产业的发展提出了对策和建议。 相似文献
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辽西北地区林草及林药综合开发技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
林草、林药间作,林木为牧草和药材提供蔽阴条件,同时,林下间作牧草、药材,有利于改良林地土壤理化性质,增加肥力,促进林木生长。采取林草、林药间作的杨树,经精耕细作,与未采取林草、林药杨树对比,平均每年胸径增加了78.31%,高生长增加了186.58%。因此,在辽西北地区林草、林药间作是可推广的配置模式。奇可利、蒙古冰草、羊草是适于本地区种植的优良牧草;林间种植牧草、药材可获得较好经济效益。 相似文献
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太行山核桃林分布广泛,林下土地空闲率高,光照条件良好,适宜间种多种经济作物,林药间作成为理想的经营模式。为了筛选适宜的药材种类,引进射干、知母、桔梗、菊花、瓜蒌、天南星、黄芩、荆芥、土贝母、土木香和丹参共11种中药材,在河北省涉县索堡乡南沟村的核桃林地进行了间种栽培试验,对其生物生态学习性和物候期进行了调查与分析,并针对引种地春季干旱的气候条件,以降低核桃与药材间的竞争强度和提高林地收益为目标,选择育苗难易程度、抗旱性、株高、根系分布深度和经济效益这5项指标进行了综合评价。结果表明:土贝母、知母、菊花、射干、桔梗这5种药材适宜在核桃结果初期(核桃树龄为10~12 a)间种,而荆芥、丹参、土木香这3种药材适宜在核桃幼树期(核桃树龄为3~4 a)种植。 相似文献
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林下经济的主要模式及优劣分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从生态结构、资源利用特点、操作便利性、副效应等方面分析了近年国内几种主要林下经济模式的优劣。林药模式基本上没有种间矛盾,但不适合大规模经营;林菌模式适应种类多且地域广,但对栽培区水源条件、交通条件要求较高;林禽模式宜根据不同禽种生态习性择地饲养和轮养,应特别注意解决污染和疫病问题;林草、畜模式宜将林下种草和动物圈养结合起来,防患面源污染和疫病,防止对林地土壤扰动太大;林虫(蜂)模式中适合发展的经济昆虫较多,应根据各地传统习惯和加工能力,分项发展;林花模式中,适合林下种植的花卉和荫生植物较多,这一模式相对而言,对林地的干扰较少,是自然界中自然存在的一类群落结构,合理性较好。以上各种经济模式各有特点,各见其长,均可供林权主发展林下经济时甄别选择。林下经济发展应遵循生态优先原则,注意群落种问关系的协调。林下经济物种不可生硬拼凑,本木倒置。各模式的推广应充分考虑气候、市场等地域特点。文章还介绍了一种菌根性食用菌模式。菌根性食用菌与多种树木有天然的共生关系,且多是市场俏销的种类。利用已经发展成熟的栽培技术提高林下菌根性食用菌栽培集约化程度,可实现多年持续高产、高效益,且对林地的人为干预最少,能很好地保护林地生物多样性。这是其它模式所不具备的优势。因此,认为菌根性食用菌模式是目前最能兼顾生态与经济效益,前景良好的林下经济模式。 相似文献
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吴茱萸母树林经济效益分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
吴茱萸是一种木本中药材树种,兼有生态、经济、社会三大效益。在当今林业生态工程建设中,各地选用吴茱萸作为造林树种。为解决造林用种问题,湖北省阳新县营建了133.3 hm2的吴茱萸母树林,现已投产。通过对吴茱萸母树林在20 a经营期内的经济分析,得出该项目投资回收期短,净现值高,内部收益率大,收益成本比好,经济效益显著。 相似文献
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甘肃省白龙江林区木本药用植物资源的多样性 总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3
通过多年调查研究,弄清了白龙江林区木本药用植物共63科、117属、161种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护植物3种.以药用部位进行统计,根及根茎类、叶类、种子果实类最多,分别占木本药用植物的54.66%、36.02%、29.19%;从生活类型统计,灌木和乔木最多,分别占木本药用植物的60.25%、28.57%;以林区植物的垂直分带统计,海拔1 700~2 500 m的针阔混交林带和海拔550~1 100m 的常绿阔叶林带木本药用植物最多,分别占木本药用植物总种数的39.75%、29.19%. 相似文献
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Many old-growth forest stands in northwest Pakistan have been structurally transformed as a consequence of logging and livestock grazing, some of which are thereafter left to secondary succession. These forests represent an important resource for local inhabitants who gather and sell medicinal plants as part of their livelihood. With this in mind, the main objectives of our study were: (1) to assess differences in the structure of the tree layer and the abundance of medicinal plants among differently transformed forests, (2) to evaluate the recovery potential of medicinal plants under re-growth forests, and (3) to assess relationships between tree stand structural characteristics and the occurrence of medicinal plants.The first step of the study involved creating an approximate map covering an area of 90 km2 for five forest-use types (old-growth forest, forest degraded by logging, derived woodland, agroforest and re-growth forest). Fifteen plots per forest-use type were randomly allocated at altitudes ranging from 2200 m to 2400 m asl, within which the abundance of 10 locally important medicinal herb species was assessed.The study stands differed greatly in tree basal area, which was highest in old-growth forest (48 m2 ha−1), lowest in agroforest areas (6 m2 ha−1) and intermediate in re-growth forest (20 m2 ha−1). All ten medicinal plant species were encountered in old-growth and in re-growth forests, but only five of these species also occurred on agroforest plots. The mean coverage of study medicinal plants was highest in old-growth forest (7%), low in forest degraded by logging, derived woodland and agroforest (0.3-2%), and intermediate in re-growth forest (4%). The Jaccard abundance based similarity index indicates a considerable similarity (0.6) between re-growth and old growth forest for both trees and medicinal plants. The overall abundance of medicinal plants increased with increasing tree basal area and canopy cover. The abundance of some particular species decreased; however, the most sought-after medicinal species Bergenia ciliata, Valeriana jatamansi and Viola cancescens increased with tree basal area within specific forest-use type and also across forest-use types. In conclusion, our data suggest that anthropogenic forest degradation leads to a reduction in the abundance of economically viable medicinal plants for the study region. It is further indicated that this can be reversed if degraded forests are allowed to regenerate. 相似文献
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本文介绍珠海市城市森林的总体布局和不同绿地类型的植物组成和配置模式。珠海城市森林分为 3大块 :城市中心区森林、西部城市发展区森林、东部海岛区森林 ;着重分析了以下 5种绿地类型的植物组成特点和配置模式 :(1)行道树的组成具有花色艳丽、花期长、树冠大而美、突出滨海特色等 ;(2 )海岸绿地植物包括红树林、海滩植物、沿海道路和临海低丘植物 3种类型 ;(3)岛屿观赏植物有 6 4种 ,分为 5种类型 ;(4)黄土石坡裸露地生态绿化分为 3个阶段 ,采用 4种不同的模式 ;(5 )残次林改造采用 3种模式 相似文献
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The forest flora of eastern North America includes many herbaceous plant species traded in domestic and international medicinal
markets. Conservation concerns surrounding wild-collection exist and transitioning to cultivation in agroforestry systems
has potential economic and ecological benefits. Costs and revenues associated with adopting forest cultivation were modeled
for eight North American medicinal forest plants. Sensitivity analysis examined profit potential in relation to (1) discount
rates; (2) propagation methods; (3) prices; (4) growing period; (5) production costs; and (6) yields. Results indicate that
intensive husbandry of six of eight species would be unprofitable at recent (1990–2005) price levels. Exceptions are American
ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), and under certain circumstances (e.g., maximum historic prices, low production costs) goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.). Direct marketing to consumers and retailers might improve grower profits, but is undermined by the availability of cheaper,
wild-collected product. We suggest that the North American medicinal plant industry could play a key role in facilitating
any transition from wild to cultivated product, perhaps through development of a certification and labeling program that brands
“forest cultivated” products. This could generate price premiums, to be passed along to growers, but must be accompanied by
aggressive consumer education. A “forest cultivated” certification and labeling program has potential to benefit industry
and consumers if assurances regarding product identity and quality are a central feature. Plant species that are not viable
candidates for commercial cultivation due to limited consumer demand (i.e., species with “shallow,” erratic markets) are best
addressed through proactive government and industry initiatives involving targeted harvester education programs. 相似文献