不同苦瓜品种种子发芽和苗期耐冷性差异的研究

研究了8个苦瓜品种种子萌发期和幼苗苗期的耐冷性反应.试验结果表明,供试材料的发芽临界低温范围为14.2-17.3℃,低温下耐冷性鉴定温度为20℃.苦瓜耐冷性鉴定可采用20℃下发芽指数、苗期冷害指数和田间耐冷性总指数等指标.     

苦瓜种质资源耐冷性鉴定

以148份苦瓜种质为试材,进行发芽期和苗期的耐冷性鉴定和评价,比较不同类型苦瓜种质的耐冷性和变异程度。结果表明:发芽期、苗期耐冷性达到3级的种质数分别为32份和48份,占供试样品的21.62%和32.43%;不同类型的苦瓜种质耐冷性差异不同,在发芽期各类型苦瓜种质的耐冷性差异较大,其中以果皮绿色种质、刺瘤种质和近圆型种质耐冷性较强;在苗期各类型苦瓜种质耐冷性差异较小,其中以果皮深绿色种质、刺瘤种质和近圆型种质耐冷性较强;苦瓜芽期和苗期耐冷性具有一定的相关性但并不一致;研究结果为苦瓜耐冷新品种的选育提供新的种质,并为开展苦瓜耐冷机制研究积累材料。     

加工番茄种子发芽及苗期耐冷性差异研究

通过低温下种子发芽鉴定和苗期低温处理后生理生化指标的测定等方法,研究了9个加工番茄品种种子萌发期和幼苗期的耐冷反应。结果表明,供试材料对低温反应存在差异;种子萌发期耐冷性鉴定温度为15、20℃;低温下植株电解质渗透率、叶片细胞内可溶性糖含量均有上升;根据各品种种子发芽率、幼苗冷害指数、植株电解质渗透率、叶片可溶性糖含量综合评定,UC-82、里格尔、石番18号、红霸这4个品种抗冷性较好。     

30个苦瓜杂交组合耐冷性鉴定及品种比较试验

对7份耐冷苦瓜种质配制的30个苦瓜杂交组合开展了苗期耐冷性鉴定和品种比较试验,并对冷害指数和农艺性状进行了相关性分析.试验结果表明,Z1901、Z1905和Z19183个杂交组合苗期耐冷性较强,农艺性状优良,产量较高;苦瓜产量与冷害指数呈显著负相关,与第一雌花节位、果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚度、单果质量和前期产量均呈正相关.本研究结果为苦瓜耐冷新品种的选育提供了参考.     

利用高代回交群体定位醋栗番茄发芽期与幼苗期耐冷QTL

以醋栗番茄LA722和普通番茄9706为材料,利用发芽期大规模低温胁迫筛选方法和AB-QTL方法对野生醋栗番茄发芽期和幼苗期的耐冷性QTL进行了定位研究,构建了包括273个BC3S1株系的高代回交作图群体,以种子相对发芽指数和苗期耐冷指数作为耐冷指标,检测到5个与发芽期耐冷性相关的QTLs,分别位于第1、2、5、11染色体上,2个与幼苗期耐冷性相关的QTLs,分别位于第2和第8染色体上。其中,控制发芽期耐冷性的qRGI-2-1和qRGI-5-1贡献率分别为12.8%和32.9%。有12个单株的自交后代（BC3S2）在发芽期和幼苗期的耐冷性都达到或优于LA722的水平,且果实质量等农艺性状均接近或优于普通番茄9706,可作为番茄耐冷育种材料。     

茄子及近缘野生资源耐冷性鉴定研究

分别对16 份茄子材料进行芽期和苗期低温处理，采用隶属函数值分析茄子芽期和苗期的耐冷性指标，并对茄子材料的耐冷性进行综合评价。结果表明：3 份野生茄均属于强耐冷型，栽培茄中14c-5、14c-6 和甘肃长茄属于强耐冷型，荷包茄、快圆茄和徐州睢宁紫长茄属于冷敏感型。野生茄适合选用冷害指数、丙二醛增减率等苗期指标进行耐冷性鉴定，栽培茄可以选用相对发芽率、相对发芽势等芽期指标以及冷害指数、丙二醛增减率等苗期指标进行耐冷性鉴定。     

西葫芦耐冷性生理指标研究

在耐冷性鉴定基础上，测定了２２和５℃下８个西葫芦品系苗期电解质渗漏率、气孔阻力、光合速率以及叶绿素可变荧光（Ｆｖ）和最大荧光（Ｆｍ）双值。结果表明，与２０℃处理相比，５℃处理下西葫芦幼苗电解质渗漏率和气孔阻力增大，光合速率和Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ下降。低温胁迫后，电解质参漏率的相对增加量与冷害指数呈极显著正相关，光合速率及其恢复能力和Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ及其恢复水平与冷害指数呈极显著负相关，可以作为鉴定西葫芦品系耐冷性     

菜豆抗冷性的苗期鉴定

以80份不同基因型的菜豆材料在低温胁迫下的叶片冷害指数和电解质外渗率为指标进行了菜豆抗冷性鉴定。通过冷害指数指标鉴定出抗冷 性强的材料49份，抗冷性中等的材料15份，抗冷性弱的材料16份；验证了电解质外渗率与冷害指数呈极显著正相关，苗期菜豆叶片低温下电解质外 渗率指标可作为菜豆抗冷性鉴定的指标。     

45份辣椒种质发芽期和苗期的耐冷性评价

冷害是我国冬春季辣椒生产中主要的逆境因子,选用耐冷品种可有效抵御冷害。以45份辣椒地方品种和高代自交系为试验材料,分析低温胁迫下的种子发芽及苗期生长情况,筛选发芽期和苗期表现耐冷的种质材料。结果表明,45份辣椒种质的种子在15℃低温胁迫下,V06C0299、V06C0445、V06C01581、2019P162等25份种质的相对发芽率超过93.33%,V06C0299、V06C0445、V06C1581、GW464等13份种质的相对发芽势超过91.11%。选用10份种质进行苗期4℃低温胁迫处理,V06C01581的冷害指数最低为0.32,表现出较强的耐冷性。相关分析表明,相对发芽率、相对发芽势与冷害指数呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.280、-0.327(P <0.05)。利用隶属函数法综合评价表明,V06C0299平均隶属函数值最大为0.89,表现为较强的耐冷能力。研究结果可为辣椒耐冷基因挖掘和耐冷品种选育提供基础。     

甜瓜耐冷性鉴定指标的筛选

以 10个不同类型的甜瓜品种为试材 ,采用不同低温处理 ,研究了种子低温发芽力 ,人工模拟气候条件下的冷害指数 ,幼苗叶片的电导百分率、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸 (Pro)含量、过氧化物酶 (POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化及指标间的相关性。结果表明 ,18℃时的种子活力指数、人工模拟气候条件下的冷害指数、7℃时的电导百分率可作为甜瓜耐冷性强弱的 3种简单、快速、有效的鉴定指标。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.