林麝捻转血矛线虫的分子鉴定

为鉴定林麝粪样中疑似血矛属线虫虫卵的虫种,本研究提取四川和陕西地区林麝粪样中疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵DNA,对其核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)全序列进行PCR扩增与序列分析。结果显示14个疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵DNA样品ITS全序列片段大小为786 bp~788 bp,序列相似性为99.0%~100%;经序列BLAST比对和系统发育分析,所有疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵样品均为捻转血矛线虫,与NCBI基因库中多株捻转血矛线虫的ITS序列相似性为97.0%~99.5%。研究结果表明,寄生于林麝的血矛属线虫为捻转血矛线虫,从而为控制林麝捻转血矛线虫病提供了重要依据。     

长颈鹿血矛线虫ITS的PCR扩增与序列分析

目的利用分子生物学方法对来自长颈鹿皱胃的血矛线虫进行虫种鉴定。方法对样品XM9和XM11的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS-1、5.8 S、ITS-2)进行PCR扩增及序列分析,并与GenBank公布的血矛线虫(Hae-monchus)相应序列进行比较。结果来自长颈鹿皱胃的2条血矛线虫具有相同的ITS序列,5.8 S与ITS-1分别为153 bp、404 bp,与GenBank分布的捻转血矛线虫序列是一致的。ITS-2序列为231 bp,第753位是一个多态位点,该序列与来自国外的H.contortus,H.placei,H.longistipes存在0-18个碱基差异。结论来自长颈鹿的血矛线虫是捻转血矛线虫。     

山羊捻转血矛线虫ITS基因序列分析

为了解不同年份山羊源捻转血矛线虫内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)基因的遗传变异情况,提取2015年-2020年间陕西省咸阳地区44株山羊源捻转血矛线虫的核糖体DNA(rDNA),对其ITS基因进行扩增、测序与分析.结果显示,44株捻转血矛线虫的ITS-1序列长度为400 b...     

山羊源3种不同形态阴门盖捻转血矛线虫雌虫的多位点序列分析

旨在解析3种不同形态阴门盖捻转血矛线虫（Haemonchus contortus）的遗传进化差异，本研究从养殖场山羊皱胃中分离到捻转血矛线虫虫体，采用普通光学显微镜观察71条雌虫虫体阴门盖的形态结构特征，并基于捻转血矛线虫ITS-1、ITS-2和nad4基因位点，采用PCR法对不同阴门盖的虫体进行扩增，通过比对多位点序列进行遗传进化分析。经显微镜观察发现，本研究分离到的捻转血矛线虫雌虫阴门盖存在舌瓣形、亚球形和舌-球混合形3种形态，所占比例分别为45.07%（32/71）、50.70%（36/71）和4.23%（3/71）。对43条雌虫全长和阴门至虫体末端长度进行测量和统计分析，结果显示，3种不同形态阴门盖的捻转血矛线虫全长统计学差异不显著（P>0.05），而3种不同形态阴门盖的捻转血矛线虫阴门至虫体末端的长度存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。基于捻转血矛线虫ITS-1、ITS-2和nad4基因进行的序列分析结果显示，不同形态阴门盖虫体的9个样品在3个基因位点上存在不同程度的碱基差异，多态性位点分别为10、13和43个，核苷酸多态性分别为0.85%、1.34%和1.97%。基于ITS-1和ITS-2构建的遗传进化树显示，研究中所用样品与GenBank上H.contortus的参考序列处于同一进化支，表明本研究所分离到的虫体均属捻转血矛线虫。捻转血矛线虫雌虫的阴门盖存在形态学差异，不同形态阴门盖虫体在ITS-1、ITS-2和nad4基因位点上均存在不同程度的碱基差异，此研究结果为捻转血矛线虫的种类鉴定和遗传进化提供了参考数据。     

基于ITS序列的捻转血矛线虫系统进化分析

为分析捻转血矛线虫ITS序列的变异与虫株特性之间的关系,对捻转血矛线虫不同药物抗性虫株(苯并咪唑类药物抗性虫株、伊维菌素抗性虫株、莫西菌素抗性虫株、药物敏感虫株)、不同宿主来源虫株(长颈鹿、牛、绵羊、山羊、牦牛)和不同地理位置(中国、美国、意大利、法国、也门、马来西亚、澳大利亚)的分离株,以及毛圆科的其他线虫的ITS序列进行了分析。结果发现捻转血矛线虫与毛圆科其他线虫的ITS-2基因的相似性高,基于该基因建立的系统进化树可以很好地区分毛圆科不同属的线虫;捻转血矛线虫的抗药性特点与其ITS-1基因的变异进化关系不大;不同地理位置的捻转血矛线虫分离株的ITS-2基因变异很小;从野生动物长颈鹿体内分离的捻转血矛线虫的ITS-1基因与家养反刍动物分离株的差异较明显。研究结果表明捻转血矛线虫ITS序列在种内相对保守,不同虫株间变异较小,在毛圆科线虫的分子分类中具有一定意义。     

崇明白山羊寄生虫病调查和消长动态的研究

对上海市崇明地区白山羊的寄生虫病进行了调查,危害崇明白山羊的寄生虫主要是捻转血矛线虫。哨羊全年粪便中捻转血矛线虫虫卵数形成的３ 个高峰与月平均最高温度和月降水量曲线形成的３ 个高峰相吻合,证实每年７、８ 月份崇明地区白山羊群中大批羊只消瘦、死亡是由于捻转血矛线虫严重感染引起的,并提出了防治措施的建议。     

崇明白山羊寄生虫病调查与消长动态的研究

对上海市崇明地区白山羊的寄生虫病进行了调查,危害崇明白山羊的寄生虫主要是捻转血矛线虫,哨羊全年粪便中捻转血矛线虫虫卵数形成的３个高峰与月平均最高温度和月降水量曲线形成的３个高峰相吻合,证实每年７,８月份崇明地区白山羊群中大批羊只消瘦,死亡是由于捻转血矛线虫严重感染引起的,并提出了防治措施的建议。     

新疆部分地区羊捻转血矛线虫系统进化与抗药性分析

为了解新疆塔城及博乐地区羊捻转血矛线虫的流行情况和系统进化关系,以及这两个地区捻转血矛线虫对苯并咪唑类药物的抗药性,在塔城和博乐地区分别收集20、12个羊皱胃分离捻转血矛线虫,进行形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定以及抗药性分析。结果显示:在塔城地区的14个羊皱胃内发现有寄生性线虫,通过PCR鉴定出27只捻转血矛线虫;在博乐地区的7个羊皱胃内发现有寄生性线虫,共鉴定出55只捻转血矛线虫。对PCR阳性样品进行测序并应用最大似然法构建系统发育树进行系统进化分析发现:本试验所测序列与GenBank上的捻转血矛线虫虫株序列聚为一支,置信度为100%;与捻转血矛线虫同科不同属的环纹背带线虫虫株序列相聚类,置信度为100%;其外群为不同科、不同属的羊仰口线虫,登录号为KP792295.1;内群与外群分别形成独立的进化分支。对β-tubulin基因进行多序列比对发现,所选样本并未出现苯并咪唑类药物抗性。本研究有助于了解捻转血矛线虫流行情况,并为捻转血矛线虫系统进化及苯并咪唑类药物抗性分析提供了依据。     

捻转血矛线虫纯净3期幼虫制备方法的改进

从自然感染羊体内获得捻转血矛线虫雌虫后,收集其子宫中的虫卵进行培养,再将纯净的第3期幼虫感染保种山羊,于虫卵排出高峰期大量收集粪便,进行幼虫培养,可获得大量纯净的捻转血矛线虫第3期幼虫。     

绵羊捻转血矛线虫流行病学调查及耐药性检测

为调查乌审旗地区捻转血矛线虫感染及耐药性情况,通过粪便中虫卵定性定量及剖检法对乌审旗不同地区的绵羊进行捻转血矛线虫感染情况调查,并开展了驱虫效果比较试验。结果表明,该地区绵羊捻转血矛线虫病流行比较严重,平均感染率和平均感染强度分别为89%和416.92×200个/g,捻转血矛线虫对伊维菌素注射剂和阿苯达唑片剂产生了严重的耐药性。     

Genetic variation of Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae) in sheep and goats from Malaysia and Yemen

The large stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus, commonly known as "the barber's pole worm", is a blood-sucking nematode found in the abomasa of sheep and goats. This work is the first documentation on the ND4 sequences of H. contortus from sheep and goats in Malaysia and Yemen and the results provide a preliminary insight on the genetic differences of H. contortus found in the two countries. In general, this study showed a high degree of diversity and low population structure of this species within the same country in comparison with higher genetic structuring at a wider geographical scale. The results also showed that the majority of genetic variance was within H. contortus populations. The Malaysian sheep and goat populations investigated appeared to share the same isolate of H. contortus while different isolates may be found in Yemen which must be taken into account in the design of an effective control strategy. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) confirmed that all samples investigated in this study belonged to H. contortus. However presence of other Haemonchus species parasitizing these two hosts can only be confirmed by further detailed studies.     

捻转血矛线虫HLJ株15 ES抗原基因的原核表达

为了对羊源捻转血矛线虫(H.contortus)15 ES抗原基因进行原核表达,本研究利用RT-PCR技术从黑龙江省羊源H.contortus成虫总RNA中扩增得到相对分子质量15Ku ES蛋白基因(H15 ES),序列分析表明,其核苷酸序列与国外已发表的15 ku排泄分泌抗原基因的同源性为99.78%.将H15 ES克隆至pET-32a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-32a-H15 ES,转化大肠杆菌,IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳和western blot分析表明,表达蛋白相对分子质量约为35.2 ku.本研究为H.contortus病诊断抗原和保护性抗原的大量制备及H.contortus核酸疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

内蒙古地区捻转血矛线虫阿苯达唑耐药种群Ⅰ型β微管蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性调查

为了解内蒙古地区捻转血矛线虫阿苯达唑耐药虫株Ⅰ型β微管蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性的情况,对来自内蒙古乌审旗、察右后旗和科右前旗3个地区各19条捻转血矛线虫雄虫进行ITS-2基因特异性PCR鉴定为捻转血矛线虫后,扩增出Ⅰ型β微管蛋白基因,测序后对耐药相关167、198和200位点突变情况进行调查分析。结果表明,在这3个地区均未发现167位点突变,主要是198和200位点发生突变,总体上看198位点突变频率高于200位点。分析这57条雄虫基因序列发现4种基因型,分别是198纯合耐药型及200纯合敏感型、198纯合敏感型及200纯合耐药型、198纯合敏感型及200杂合耐药型和198及200均杂合耐药型。而耐药基因型频率乌审旗为100%,察右后旗68.42%,科右前旗94.74%,这与粪便虫卵减少试验结果一致。研究结果为捻转血矛线虫病的预防和治疗提供一个新思路,可有效避免耐药性或者减缓耐药性的产生,减少畜牧养殖行业的经济损失。     

Seasonal variations in the numbers of trichostrongylid nematode eggs and their larvae in the faeces of farmed goats in Malaysia.

Faecal worm egg counts of goats from two farms in Penang Island, West Malaysia, were monitored over a period of 14 months. The faecal egg count pattern followed that of total rainfall. The humid tropical environment was favourable for the development of various species of trichostrongylid nematodes, namely Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp. and Cooperia spp. Generally, H. contortus was observed to be the predominant species, more so in the monsoon months of the year.     

Resistance of Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats to ivermectin in the Netherlands

Resistance of Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats to ivermectin In 2005, suspected ivermectin resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes was investigated in 17 goats on a farm in the Netherlands, using a faecal egg count reduction test combined with faecal larval cultures. Eight goats were treated orally with 0.2 mg/ kg ivermectin on 1 August 2005 and the other nine goats served as untreated controls. Faeces were collected from all goats on 1 August and on 12 August. Faecal egg counts were reduced by 80.6% in goats receiving ivermectin. On the basis of faecal larval cultures and the egg counts, ivermectin was found to be 100% effective against Haemonchus contortus, 15.0% effective against Teladorsagia circumcincta, and 93.3% effective against Trichostrongylus spp. The effect of levamisole and oxfendazole on gastrointestinal nematodes was also evaluated. Nine goats were treated subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg levamisole and seven goats orally with 4.5 mg/kg oxfendazole on 12 September On the basis of faecal egg counts performed on 12 and 22 September, levamisole reduced the total egg count by 95.4% and oxfendazole reduced the egg count by 85.8%. Differentiation of pooled faecal larval cultures revealed that levamisole was 99.9% effective against H. contortus, 81.9% effective against T. circumcincta, and 99.5% against Trichostrongylus spp. Oxfendazole was 75.5% effective against H. contortus, 33.2% effective against T. circumcincta, and 100% effective against Trichostrongylus spp. On 28 October the nine goats that were still present on the farm were orally treated with 0.4 mg/kg ivermectin. Faecal egg counts and differentiation of pooled larval cultures of faecal samples collected on 28 October and 9 November, respectively, revealed that total egg counts were reduced by 93.1%. Ivermectin was 49.1% effective against T. circumcincta but 100% effective against H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. Thus H. contortus appears to be resistant to oxfendazole and T. circumcinta appears to be resistant to oxfendazole and ivermectin. This is the first documented case of ivermectin resistance of a gastrointestinal nematode of small ruminants in the Netherlands.     

Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in pen-trials with Javanese thin tail sheep and Kacang cross Etawah goats

Weight gain costs due to infection were higher in sheep than goats, 28 and 17.5%, respectively, for Trichostrongylus colubriformis and 48.7 and 32.2%, respectively, for Haemonchus contortus. The extent of bodyweight cost attributed to anorexia in sheep infected with H. contortus was higher (13.5 g/day) than in sheep infected with T. colubriformis (2.3 g/day). On the other hand, bodyweight cost due to the other pathogenic effects in sheep infected with T. colubriformis were higher (35.6 g/day) compared to sheep infected with H. contortus (10.9 g/day). A strong relationship between faecal egg count and worm count (r=0.79, P=0.006) was shown only in sheep infected with T. colubriformis. About half of the infected sheep and goats had low or zero faecal egg counts throughout the study. In about 40% the egg count rose initially but became low by weeks 10-16, whereas in about 10% counts increased progressively throughout the period of observation and these animals also had the highest numbers of worms at slaughter. Packed cell volume was reduced in sheep and goats infected with H. contortus but serum protein and haemoglobin levels were unaffected. Sheep infected with T. colubriformis had a higher level of eosinophilia after 8 weeks (18.4%) than sheep infected with H. contortus (11.4%), whereas this pattern was reversed in goats and levels were also lower (4.1 and 8.9%, respectively). There was no apparent relationship between eosinophilia and resistance to infection with H. contortus or T. colubriformis.     

捻转血矛线虫Hc38基因部分功能域的原核表达与鉴定

为原核表达捻转血矛线虫Hc38基因的保守结构域,本研究参照GenBank中Hc38基因序列设计引物,扩增出Hc38基因的保守结构域序列,命名为HcP,将其克隆到表达载体pET32a中,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21中,用IPTG进行诱导表达.SDS-PAGE和western blot结果表明,HcP基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达,表达的重组蛋白分子量约为49.4 ku,并且表达产物能够与感染捻转血矛线虫的山羊血清产生特异的免疫印记条带,具有良好的反应原性.     

Cross-infection between tropical goats and heifers with Haemonchus contortus

Developing effective biological control without the systematic use of anthelmintics is necessary to reduce the impact of gastrointestinal nematodes on small ruminants. Therefore, grazing management systems that use different host species to dilute nematodes in pasture appear to be promising for worm control. A trial was carried out to investigate the specificity of Haemonchus contortus for goats and cattle and to evaluate cross-infection between ruminant species. The effect of an experimental infection of 12 heifers by the free-living stages of H. contortus collected from goats (500 larvae per kg liveweight) was evaluated and compared to uninfected controls. After 28 and 35 days, egg excretion was measured. The experimental infection of heifers by H. contortus was not significant, with no egg excretion. These results, i.e., the lack of cross-infection of GIN between goats and cattle, suggest that integrated grazing using such animals could be employed for pasture dilution and decontamination.