水稻种衣剂苗床应用试验

对5种种衣剂在苗床上进行试验研究,结果表明,0.25%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂（药种比2 000 ml/100 kg种子）、6.25%咯菌腈·精甲霜灵悬浮种衣剂（药种比200 ml/100 kg种子）可有效防治水稻立枯病,秧苗素质高,对水稻及周围生物均安全。     

10%井岗·蜡芽菌防治水稻纹枯病药效试验

对10%井岗·蜡芽菌防治水稻纹枯病的效果及对水稻产量的影响进行田间试验。试验结果表明:10%井岗·蜡芽菌对水稻纹枯病具有一定的防治效果。喷施10%井岗·蜡芽菌的处理纹枯病发病率比对照降低了14.36%,防效达到68.67%,理论产量689.4 kg/667m2,比对照增产6.4%。     

30%爱苗乳油防治水稻纹枯病效果试验

通过应用30%爱苗乳油防治水稻纹枯病的试验,验证了30%爱苗乳油可有效防治水稻纹枯病并提高水稻产量,建议在生产中推广应用。综合防治效果和投入成本,推荐用量20～25 ml/667 m2。     

6%低聚糖防治水稻纹枯病试验

6%低聚糖是用来防治水稻纹枯病的新型药剂,为了验证其防治效果,2012年,我们在水稻田进行了6%低聚糖防治水稻纹枯病对比试验。1试验条件试验地情况。①试验地点:淮海农场农科所,淮海农场位于江苏省射阳县境内。②水稻栽插期为2012年6月17日。③前茬作物为大麦。④水稻     

防治水稻纹枯病的药剂筛选及防治适期探索试验

水稻纹枯病发病日趋严重,而对水稻纹枯病的药剂防治及防治适期却不甚明确。本试验针对这一现象进行研究,筛选了目前市场防治水稻纹枯病常用药剂及其最佳施用适期。提出了噻呋酰胺、丙环唑.苯醚甲环唑和井冈霉素为最佳化学防治药剂,在水稻分蘖盛期依据气候和苗情适时施药,做到经济有效的防治,确保水稻丰收。     

不同药剂防治水稻纹枯病试验总结

为试验40%嘧菌·戊唑醇SC（颖润）等药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果及对水稻的安全性,进行了田间药效试验,试验结果表明：40%嘧菌·戊唑醇SC（颖润）等药剂防治水稻纹枯病具有良好的防治效果,且与当地常规药剂混用效果相近,防效无明显差异,施药后药剂对水稻安全无不良影响。     

不同药剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果的研究

通过对不同药剂防治水稻纹枯病效果研究,结果表明,参试的药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治都有一定的效果,相对防效最好的是满穗,防治效果54.5%,产量634.0 kg/667 m2,比清水对照增产76.2 kg/667 m2,增产率为13.7%。     

黑龙江省水稻纹枯病防治药剂筛选试验

试验选用11种防治水稻纹枯病的药剂进行试验研究,结果表明:在水稻10.1叶期(11叶品种)和孕穗期施用240克/升噻呋酰胺悬浮剂、75%戊唑醇·肟菌酯水分散粒剂、50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂或12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂等药剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果最好,可作为水稻生产上防治水稻纹枯病的首选药剂。     

23%满穗防治水稻纹枯病药效试验

水稻纹枯病是水稻主要病害之一 ,且为害时间长 ,从分蘖至成熟期均可为害 ,为害损失一般年份已超过稻飞虱 ,严重的造成白穗甚至倒伏。多年来防治纹枯病的主导药种一直是井冈霉素 ,药剂单一 ,防病持效期较短。为此 ,引进一种防治水稻纹枯病的特效新农药——— 2 3%满穗悬浮剂。为验证 2 3%满穗悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果 ,于 1999年在瓜后稻和双晚移栽田进行了药剂试验示范 ,现将结果小结如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　试验药剂2 3%满穗悬浮剂 (美国罗门哈斯 ) ;5%井冈霉素水剂 (浙江钱江生化集团 )。1 2　试验方法1 2 1　防治瓜后稻纹枯病…     

水稻纹枯病田间药剂防治试验

选择了5种药剂进行防治水稻纹枯病试验,结果表明:在水稻分蘖盛期施药防治水稻纹枯病,井冈霉素、噻呋酰胺、丙环唑·苯醚甲环唑、肟菌.戊唑醇和申嗪霉素5种药剂的防治效果分别为68.2%、86.4%、81.8%、84.5%和71.4%。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.